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Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva crítico-valorativa, el alcance de los tratos preliminares y la responsabilidad precontractual en el proceso de contratación económica en Cuba. A tales efectos, en primer lugar, se sistematizan los criterios teórico-doctrinales en torno a la definición, contenido y alcance de estas figuras jurídicas, al prestar especial énfasis al principio de buena fe que antecede a la celebración del contrato y que ha de permear a todo el acto jurídico desde entonces y hasta el momento de su ejecución. Se abordan, además, los deberes conductuales que se derivan de este principio y cuya inobservancia podría acarrear la exigencia de una responsabilidad precontractual. Finalmente, se examina el tratamiento legal que hoy poseen los tratos preliminares y la responsabilidad que puede tener lugar durante esta fase negociatoria en la norma que regula la contratación económica en Cuba. Como se trata de una investigación de alto contenido teórico, aunque sin descuidar las necesarias cuestiones prácticas, se emplearon como métodos el jurídico-doctrinal y el analítico jurídico, que permitieron examinar las definiciones, planteamientos e interpretaciones que sobre la temática han vertido diversos autores, así como su regulación normativa actual. Summary The purpose of this paper is to analyze, from a critical-evaluative perspective, the scope of preliminary treatment and precontractual liability within the economic procurement process in Cuba. To this end, first, the theoretical-doctrinal criteria are systematized around the definition, content, and scope of these legal figures, by giving special emphasis to the principle of good faith which presupposes the engagement of the contract and must permeate the entire legal act henceforth until its execution. In addition, the behavioral duties derived from this principle and whose non-compliance may call for pre-contractual liability are addressed. Finally, the legal management of preliminary treatment and the responsibility that may take place during this negotiation phase is examined within the law governing economic procurement in Cuba. As this is a highly theoretical investigation, although without neglecting the necessary practical issues, legal-doctrinal and legal analytical methods were employed which allowed examining the definitions, approaches, and interpretations that have been spread by various authors on the subject, as well as their current legal regulation.

The inherent conundrums of precontractual liability are familiar in most domestic legal systems, but they also turn overly complex if the parties are located in each their jurisdiction. This article analyses whether the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) governs any precontractual questions. Precontractual liability under the CISG has been discussed sparsely in the literature and since the Convention neither expressly deals with nor excludes precontractual liablity it leaves a gap of knowledge. A further examination of the Convention’s applicability to precontractual liability, what the legal foundation of such precontractual duties may be, and what such duties may consist of is desired., Nordic Journal of Commercial Law, No. 1 (2020)

The paper analyses the reasons for a correct formation of the exchange contract in a market economy, in order to safeguard its operation in a competitive sense. In particular, it highlights the importance of protecting the trust of the contracting parties with respect to reciprocal disclosure obligations that prevent the conclusion of asymmetric contracts, which by definition are unfair and inefficient.

The present Essay analyzes the duty of the Administration to provide reliable, completeand truthful information to the bidders whom it calls to participate in a selectionprocess and also the consequences derived from the breach of this duty. In the sameway, this Essay analyzes the scope of the duty to be informed that the bidders havewhen applying for selection processes called by the public entities. El presente estudio analiza el deber de la administración de suministrar informaciónfiable, completa y veraz a los postores a quienes convoca para participar en un procesode selección y, además, las consecuencias derivadas del incumplimiento de este deber.Del mismo modo, analiza el alcance del deber de informarse que tienen los postorescuando postulan a procesos de selección convocados por las entidades públicas.

RESUMEN. La negociación es un proceso de recaudo e intercambio de información que les permite a las partes determinar la viabilidad de la operación y los términos más eficientes para contratar. Negociar no significa contratar, y cualquiera de las partes podrá retirarse de la negociación, siempre que se respeten los postulados de la buena fe. NO obstante, cuando surge una situación de confianza se deberán examinar los motivos que acompañan la decisión. Cuando estos son razonables se mantiene la regla de la asunción de las inversiones propias y cada parte asumirá los costes del fracaso. si se estiman caprichosos, cambia la regla y las inversiones deberán ser internalizadas por quien se retira. El presente artículo analiza aquellos motivos que podrían tenerse por válidos en una hipotética ruptura. ABSTRACT. Negotiation is mainly a process of collecting and exchanging information to determine whether an operation is desirable at all and what terms are best. Negotiation does not mean contracting, therefore the parties can freely withdraw from negotiation at any time before reaching an agreement, whenever they act in good faith. Where a reliance situation arises, however, reasons for the breaking-off matter. If they seem reasonable, each party bears their own investments, otherwise, the improper party must compensate investments carried out by the aggrieved one. This paper analyses certain reasons that could be acceptable in a hypothetical breaking-off.

Submitted by Felipe Assis de Castro Alves Nakamoto (felipe.acan@gmail.com) on 2018-01-18T11:34:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A RESPONSABILIDADE PRÉ-CONTRATUAL _ ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DO ROMPIMENTO DAS NEGOCIAÇÕES NO BRASIL, NA ALEMANHA E NA INGLATERRA (versão final).pdf: 884367 bytes, checksum: e21fb3b27e98ff5f791fe9b3e3337c70 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laura Odette Dorta Jardim null (laura@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-01-18T11:54:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A RESPONSABILIDADE PRÉ-CONTRATUAL _ ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DO ROMPIMENTO DAS NEGOCIAÇÕES NO BRASIL, NA ALEMANHA E NA INGLATERRA (versão final).pdf: 884367 bytes, checksum: e21fb3b27e98ff5f791fe9b3e3337c70 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T11:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A RESPONSABILIDADE PRÉ-CONTRATUAL _ ANÁLISE JURÍDICA DO ROMPIMENTO DAS NEGOCIAÇÕES NO BRASIL, NA ALEMANHA E NA INGLATERRA (versão final).pdf: 884367 bytes, checksum: e21fb3b27e98ff5f791fe9b3e3337c70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-08 O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as consequências jurídicas da responsabilidade pré-contratual, sobretudo aquelas decorrentes da ruptura de negociações. Para tanto, empregou-se a metodologia comparada, uma vez que a figura da responsabilidade pré-contratual é oriunda da Alemanha e lá também encontrou grande desenvolvimento. Como ponto de contraste, elegeu-se a análise do sistema jurídico inglês que, por conta de sua peculiaridade sistemática – common law – e por razões filosófico-econômicas não prevê a responsabilização por danos decorrentes do período negocial em uma figura unitária, tal como ocorre na Alemanha. No Brasil, a discussão centra-se na natureza jurídica e na divergência suscitada tanto pela doutrina quanto pela jurisprudência, fato de dificulta seu entendimento e impõe a superação de alguns conceitos clássicos, de modo a conformar o mundo jurídico à adequada proteção das relações sociais. Dessa forma, estribado na boa-fé objetiva, o Brasil desenvolve uma responsabilização pré-contratual distinta da Alemanha, com muitos traços de responsabilidade extracontratual. Espera-se, portanto, colaborar com o debate acerca de tão tumultuada figura que é a responsabilidade pré-contratual brasileira. The objective of this study is to analyze the legal consequences of precontractual liability, especially those resulting from the rupture of negotiations. For this, the use of comparative methodology was employed, since the idea of precontractual responsibility comes from Germany and there found great development. As a point of contrast, we chose to analyze the English legal system which, because of its systematic peculiarity - common law - and for philosophical-economic reasons does not have a unitary remedy for damages stemming from liability on the negotiations period, such as occurs in Germany. In Brazil, the discussion focuses on the legal nature and divergence raised by both doctrine and jurisprudence, which makes difficult to understand the concept of precontractual liability and imposes the duty to overcome some classic concepts, in order to adapt the legal world to the adequate protection of social relations. Thus, based on objective good faith, Brazil develops a precontractual liability distinct from Germany, with many traits of extra-contractual liability. It is hoped, therefore, to cooperate with the debate about such a tumultuous solution which is the Brazilian precontractual liability.

U radu se analiziraju predugovorni odnosi koji nastaju među sudionicima posla neizravnog leasinga prilikom simultanog sklapanja ugovora o leasingu i ugovora o isporuci. U poslu neizravnog leasinga između dobavljača objekta leasinga, primatelja leasinga i davatelja leasinga zasniva se karakterističan trostrani odnos čija je specifičnost u tome da pojedinosti koje su u predugovornom stadiju dogovorili dobavljač i primatelj leasinga postaju dijelom sadržaja ugovora koji oni ne sklapaju među sobom: ugovora o leasingu između davatelja leasinga i primatelja leasinga te ugovora o isporuci objekta leasinga između dobavljača i davatelja leasinga. Iz te specifičnosti posla neizravnog leasinga proizlazi niz pitanja u vezi s predugovornom odgovornošću sudionika posla i njihovim međusobnim pravima i obvezama u i iz predugovornog stadija: može li se poslovni kontakt između primatelja leasinga i dobavljača smatrati pregovorima; postoji li vlastita predugovorna odgovornost dobavljača prema primatelju leasinga; može li se primatelja leasinga smatrati zastupnikom davatelja leasinga u pregovorima o sklapanju ugovora o isporuci; može li se dobavljača smatrati zastupnikom davatelja leasinga u pregovorima o sklapanju ugovora o leasingu; koje obveze pojašnjenja i obavještavanja terete pojedine od tih sudionika prema ostalim sudionicima posla. U radu se analiziraju poredbenopravna rješenja austrijskog i njemačkog prava i propituje njihova prihvatljivost u kontekstu hrvatskog prava., The paper analyses the precontractual relationships that arise between the participants of an indirect leasing transaction when the leasing and the supply contracts are concluded simultaneously. In an indirect leasing transaction a distinctive triangular relationship is conceived between the supplier, the lessor and the lessee. A peculiar characteristic of this relationship is that the particulars agreed between the supplier and the lessee in the precontractual phase become part of the contracts not concluded between those parties: the leasing contract between the lessor and the lessee, and the supply contract between the supplier and the lessor. This characteristic of indirect leasing transactions raises several questions connected with the precontractual liability of the participants in the transaction and their mutual rights and obligations: Could the business contact between the lessee and the supplier be considered as precontractual negotiations? Is there a precontractual liability of the supplier to the lessee? Could the lessee be considered as an agent of the lessor in the precontractual negotiations on the conclusion of the supply contract? Could the supplier be considered as an agent of the lessor in the precontractual negotiations on the conclusion of the leasing contract? What duties to inform arise between the participants to an indirect leasing transaction? The paper discusses comparative legal solutions of Austrian and German law, and examines their acceptability in the context of Croatian law.

The aim of this thesis is to dissert upon the institute of precontractual liability. The thesis focuses namely on the new Czech Civil Code effective from 1 January 2014, which introduced into the Czech legal order express and complex legal regulation relating to the precontractual liability. To create a complex overview of the institute culpa in contrahendo, this thesis compares the current Czech legal provisions with the previous legal provisions effective until 31 December 2013, and also with foreign legal provisions, namely in the francophone countries, and with international unification projects. This thesis consists of nine chapters. The first chapter deals with the position of the precontractual liability in a legal environment and sets out the aims of this thesis. The second chapter enlightens possible concepts and basis of the institute culpa in contrahendo in different legal orders and deals with possible sanctions for violation of the precontractual obligations. The third chapter deals with historical evolution of the precontractual liability from the very first actions in Roman law until the current concept. The fourth chapter disserts on the current Czech legal provisions of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended. In this chapter, I deal with both the particular facts of...

OF DIPLOMA THESIS THE THEORETICAL CONCEPTION OF PRE-CONTRACTUAL AND CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY Author: René Cienciala Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Karel Beran, Ph.D. Department: Department of Legal Theory and Legal Doctrines The purpose of my thesis was to analyse theoretical aspects of precontractual and contractual liability under Czech law. I particularly focused on precontractual liability (also known as culpa in contrahendo) due to its unclear and unresolved theoretical conception among Czech jurisprudence. The thesis consists of eleven chapters including one annex. After short introduction, I briefly analysed the meaning of a general term legal responsibility/ liability in the second chapter, and a historical background including the original Jhering's conception of culpa in contrahendo in the third part of the thesis. The fourth chapter is devoted to defining the scope of precontractual liability and specific precontractual duties and/or obligations during a contract negotiation under both current and revised civil law. I comprehensively analysed underlying principles of a concept of precontractual liability, its general nature and a nature of precontractual relationship in the fifth part of the thesis. I also tried to provide theoretical description and definition of the conception of culpa in...

Analizaremos un caso fallado por culpa in contrahendo, en un mutuo hipotecario no financiado por parte de un banco comercial a un particular que se lo solicitó. Para ello haremos un estudio crítico de varias normas jurídicas. Todo con el fin de determinar si concurrió en el caso particular formación del consentimiento o no y cómo esta apreciación puede cambiar con las nuevas normas de la ley del consumidor chilena, introducidas por la ley 20.555 en la ley 19.946. We will analyze a final judgment in a precontractual liability case about a mortgage loan not granted by a bank. This commentary will make a critical analysis of various legal rules. All in order to determine if in this case did exist or not agreement that usually proved by showing an offer by one party and acceptance of it by the other, and how this interpretation may change with the new rules of consumer’s law introduced recently.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas civilinės atsakomybės taikymo esant ikisutartiniams santykiams klausimas Lietuvos civilinėje teisėje. Darbo bendrojoje dalyje yra pateikiama detali ikisutartinių santykių stadijos analizė, nagrinėjama ikisutartinės atsakomybės vertinimo genezė bei jos taikymui keliami specifiniai tikslai, taip pat didelis dėmesys skiriamas ikisutartinei atsakomybei taikytino teisinio rėžimo tyrimui. Disertacijos specialioji dalis skirta dviejų, autorės nuomone, šių dienų teisėje daugiausia klausimų keliančių civilinės atsakomybės ikisutartiniuose santykiuose taikymo sąlygų analizei, tai – neteisėtiems ikisutartiniams veiksmams ir ikisutartinių nuostolių koncepcijai. Darbe pagrindžiama išvada, kad civilinei atsakomybei iki pagrindinės sutarties sudarymo keliami antagonistiniai tikslai – užtikrinti derybų laisvę ir apsaugoti pasitikėjimą sutarties sudarymu – gali būti pasiekti priklausomai nuo derybų pažangos laipsnio taikant nevienodą civilinės atsakomybės apimtį. Todėl teigiama, kad neatsižvelgiant į derybų pažangos laipsnį ir esant ikisutartinės atsakomybės taikymo sąlygų visetui, sąžiningai šaliai turi būti kompensuojami bet kokios rūšies tiesioginiai ikisutartiniai nuostoliai, o toli pažengusių derybų atveju civilinės atsakomybės esant ikisutartiniams santykiams apimtis yra platesnė ir apima prarastos galimybės pinigine verte ribotų netiesioginių nuostolių atlyginimą. This dissertation analyses the application of civil liability in precontractual relations under the Lithuanian civil law. In the general part of the thesis the detailed analysis of precontractual relations’ phase is presented, as well as the genesis of development of precontractual liability and its antagonistic aims are considered. This part concludes with the question of applicable legal regime of civil liability in precontractual relations. The thesis special part is devoted to the analysis of two, under the opinion of the author, the most problematic conditions of precontractual civil liability: the unlawful precontractual actions and the concept of precontractual damage. It is noted that the opposing aims of precontractual liability – ensuring the freedom of negotiations v. keeping the parties’ confidence for the conclusion of contract – will be achieved only when the scope of civil liability in precontractual relations will depend on and will be related with the progress of negotiations. Therefore regardless of negotiations progress and in case when all necessary conditions of the precontractual liability are present, the aggrieved party should be compensated for any kind of negotiations’ costs and any other direct precontractual damages which are not unreasonably high and for which the party had not been taken the risk. In addition, when the negotiations are considered deeply advanced, the aggrieved party should receive the remuneration of indirect damages which should... [to full text]

This dissertation analyses the application of civil liability in precontractual relations under the Lithuanian civil law. In the general part of the thesis the detailed analysis of precontractual relations’ phase is presented, as well as the genesis of development of precontractual liability and its antagonistic aims are considered. This part concludes with the question of applicable legal regime of civil liability in precontractual relations. The thesis special part is devoted to the analysis of two, under the opinion of the author, the most problematic conditions of precontractual civil liability: the unlawful precontractual actions and the concept of precontractual damage. It is noted that the opposing aims of precontractual liability – ensuring the freedom of negotiations v. keeping the parties’ confidence for the conclusion of contract – will be achieved only when the scope of civil liability in precontractual relations will depend on and will be related with the progress of negotiations. Therefore regardless of negotiations progress and in case when all necessary conditions of the precontractual liability are present, the aggrieved party should be compensated for any kind of negotiations’ costs and any other direct precontractual damages which are not unreasonably high and for which the party had not been taken the risk. In addition, when the negotiations are considered deeply advanced, the aggrieved party should receive the remuneration of indirect damages which should... [to full text] Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas civilinės atsakomybės taikymo esant ikisutartiniams santykiams klausimas Lietuvos civilinėje teisėje. Darbo bendrojoje dalyje yra pateikiama detali ikisutartinių santykių stadijos analizė, nagrinėjama ikisutartinės atsakomybės vertinimo genezė bei jos taikymui keliami specifiniai tikslai, taip pat didelis dėmesys skiriamas ikisutartinei atsakomybei taikytino teisinio rėžimo tyrimui. Disertacijos specialioji dalis skirta dviejų, autorės nuomone, šių dienų teisėje daugiausia klausimų keliančių civilinės atsakomybės ikisutartiniuose santykiuose taikymo sąlygų analizei, tai – neteisėtiems ikisutartiniams veiksmams ir ikisutartinių nuostolių koncepcijai. Darbe pagrindžiama išvada, kad civilinei atsakomybei iki pagrindinės sutarties sudarymo keliami antagonistiniai tikslai – užtikrinti derybų laisvę ir apsaugoti pasitikėjimą sutarties sudarymu – gali būti pasiekti priklausomai nuo derybų pažangos laipsnio taikant nevienodą civilinės atsakomybės apimtį. Todėl teigiama, kad neatsižvelgiant į derybų pažangos laipsnį ir esant ikisutartinės atsakomybės taikymo sąlygų visetui, sąžiningai šaliai turi būti kompensuojami bet kokios rūšies tiesioginiai ikisutartiniai nuostoliai, o toli pažengusių derybų atveju civilinės atsakomybės esant ikisutartiniams santykiams apimtis yra platesnė ir apima prarastos galimybės pinigine verte ribotų netiesioginių nuostolių atlyginimą.

Precontractual liability is not harmonised in EU law. Authors shall explore different models adopted in EU countries, EU soft law and compare that to the current state of Croatian law, especially after the adoption of the new Croatian Obligations Act in 2006. The article explores legal nature, scholarly writings, judicial practice and especially the extent of damages which may be awarded to the injured party based on precontractual liability in EU countries and under Croatian law. The crucial issue is whether a party can seek compensation of the reliance interest (negative interest) only or of the expectation interest (positive interest) as well.

Resumen Con el presente artículo se busca aportar al debate nacional sobre la materia de la responsabilidad precontractual algunos elementos de estudio desde el punto de vista del análisis histórico, que ayuden a una comprensión más amplia del instituto e inciten a su vez a la exploración más profunda, por parte de nuestra doctrina, de puntos de vista hasta ahora desatendidos debido a la preponderancia de las referencias a la célebre pero al mismo tiempo desconocida teoría del alemán Rudolf von Jhering. Abstract This article means to bring some elements from the historic analysis to the national debate regarding precontractual liability. This is to foster a better understanding of the subject and incentivize a deeper exploration of little investigated vantage points through the scholars. So far they have received little attention due to the predominant fame of the still little comprehended theory of the German Rudolf von Jhering.

Formation of a contract is nowadays more sophisticated than it formerly used to be due to major progress in communication technologies and technical development, and therefore, looking on negotiation process only through the notions of offer and acceptance alone appears to be somewhat insufficient. It is not unusual and infrequent that long term and complicated dealings take place prior to the conclusion of a contract, especially in more or less complex business matters. During various negotiation stages, many parties may incur different kinds of significant expenses in order to prepare well for the next phase of the negotiations and, eventually, for the targeted contractual performance. For the conclusion of a contract it may also be necessary to inform the other party about the terms and conditions which are essential for the first party's final decision about the contract, while some of this information might be considered as strictly confidential. Although the fundamental principle of contractual freedom allows the parties to act freely in negotiations and the contractual process is generally regarded as a non-binding relationship, there are some restrictions set up with the aim to protect good faith of the parties and support their fair dealings. According to the abovementioned, a situation...

The thesis deals with questions of pre-contractual liability which is seen as a very specific institute whose conception is diverse in different EU countries and also outside. The main research question is a difference between pre-contractual liability perception in the different countries and its full description in relation to the negotiations of business contracts with an emphasis on Czech law. In the first part, the author analyses historical background of pre-contractual liability in relation to Roman law and German-Austrian legal systems in which the professor Jhering developed that construction of culpa in contrahendo. In the following chapters, the author deals with the description and nature of pre-contractual liability, particularly in questions of whether they are contractual or delictual liability and enter into details the basic facts, example and extent of damages with respect to the European concept of pre-contractual liability. He concludes that the pre-contractual liability is in the European concept as delictual liability, with regard to the decision of European Court of Justice. The author simultaneously mentions that although similar facts in the legal systems, the extent of damages is very different when there is a clear dichotomy between positive and negative interesse. The...

Diese Arbeit behandelt das Thema "Rechtsinstitut der vorvertraglichen Haftung in Theorie und Praxis". Die ganze Arbeit ist in drei Teile gegliedert und zwar "Der Begriff der Vorvertraglichen Haftung", "Die Komparative Analyse der ausländischen Rechtsordnungen" und "Das tschechische Konzept der vorvertraglichen Haftung". Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist, die praktischen Aspekte der vorvertraglichen Haftung zu beschreiben, was aber ohne ausreichende theoretische Grundlagen unmöglich ist. Die Doktrin culpa in contrahendo (Verschulden beim Vertragsabschluss) wird Rudolph von Jhering zugeschrieben, denn er hat im Jahre 1861 als erstes die charakteristischen Züge der vorvertraglichen Obligationen beschrieben. Der Autor ordnet in dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit noch die vorvertragliche Haftung in das Rechtssystem ein. Die zum Teil von dem Autor entworfene Definition dient dann in dem zweiten und dritten Teil zu dem einfacheren Vergleich der Konzepte von vorvertraglicher Haftung in verschiedenen Rechtsordnungen. In dem zweiten Teil wird zuerst das deutsche Konzept der culpa in contrahendo beschrieben, wie es sich von R. von Jhering über die Schuldrechtsmodernisierung bis zum heutigen Tag entwickelt hat. Die Entwicklung der deutschen Auffassung der vorvertraglichen Haftung von der materiellen zur formalen...

Este artículo examina la naturaleza de la culpa in contrahendo con especial atención a los tratos preliminares. Este es un aspecto controvertido en los países europeos y actualmente en el ámbito de la armonización jurídica europea. El enfoque legal moderno en los derechos nacionales europeos es muy distinto y hay diferencias relevantes entre los que consideran la culpa in contrahendo en el ámbito del derecho de contratos o los que lo enmarcan entre los delitos o cuasidelitos o incluso quienes lo conciben como un tertium genus. Los trabajos académicos para la armonización del derecho civil europeo, como el denominado Marco Común de Referencia Europeo (DCFR) o los Principios Europeos del Derecho de Contratos (PECL) han adoptado el principio de buena fe aplicable a las negociaciones precontractuales y sus consecuencias, pero estos trabajos no clarifican la naturaleza de esta responsabilidad y tampoco utilizan explícitamente la expresión culpa in contrahendo. El Reglamento europeo sobre la ley aplicable a las obligaciones no contractuales (Roma II) recoge una regla específica sobre la culpa in contrahendo. Esta responsabilidad es considerada como un concepto autónomo pensado solo para el derecho europeo y a pesar del hecho de que la regla de conflicto aplicada a las obligaciones no contractuales de acuerdo con esta regulación es la ley del lugar donde se ha cometido el hecho dañoso, la ley que se aplicará a los supuestos de culpa in contrahendo será la ley del contrato. This article examines the nature of culpa in contrahendo with special attention to precontractual agreements. This is currently a controversial aspect in European countries in the scope of the European juridical harmonization. The modern legal focus in the European national Law is very different and there are relevant differences among those who consider culpa in contrahendo in the scope of Contracts and those who place it with crime or quasicrime or even those who consider it as tertium genus. Academic work for the harmonization of the European civil law, such as the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) or the Principies of European Contract Law (PECL) have adopted the principie of good faith applicable to precontractual negotiations and their consequences, but these pieces of work do not clarify the nature of this liability ñor do they explicitly use the expression culpa in contrahendo. The European Regulation regarding the applicable law to non-contractual obligations (Rome II) reflects a specific norm about culpa in contrahendo. This liability is regarded as an autonomous concept thought of only for the European Law and, despite the fact that the rule of conflict applied to non-contractual obligations according to this regulation is the law of the place where the tort has been committed, the law that shall apply to the suppositions of culpa in contrahendo will be the contract law.

L'opera affronta il tema dei rapporti precontrattuali nelle trattative d'affari. In particolare indirizza la propria attenzione sulla disciplina convenzionale preventiva nelle negoziazioni. Il dato di partenza dell'indagine è la considerazione dell'accresciuta importanza del periodo precontrattuale e delle problematiche a questo inerenti, anche per effetto dell'affermazione nella prassi di un modus operandi, mutuato dall'esperienza anglo-americana, che vede le trattative svolgersi secondo momenti definiti, connotati dal ricorso a strumenti giuridici di recente diffusione. Si sono analizzati i principali modelli di responsabilità precontrattuale, tanto nei sistemi di civil law, quanto in quelli di common law, soffermandosi anche su un'esperienza giuridica particolare, quale la Louisiana. Ciò ha consentito di individuare un nucleo comune di problematiche precontrattuali che, nell'ordinamento italiano, sono governate dal generale dovere di comportarsi secondo buona fede nel corso delle trattative. Si sono approfondite le implicazioni giuridiche della due diligence investigation, segnatamente nell'ottica del dovere precontrattuale di informazione. L'analisi ha indotto una riflessione sulle tradizionali categorie civilistiche, alla luce di fattispecie che sebbene in origine straniere, sono divenute parte integrante del patrimonio giuridico italiano.

This work deals with the notion of sale adopted under the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and considers whether and to what extent that notion is broad enough to include preliminary agreements. Moreover, it scrutinizes the notion of preliminary agreement, which seems rather non-distinctive due to the fact that it is not a normative notion, and makes an attempt at classifying the several types of preliminary agreements most frequently used in international business practice.

Kao što znamo, 2005. godine donesen je novi Zakon o obveznim odnosima, a jedno od područja glede kojih je došlo do izmjena jest upravo institut predugovorne odgovornosti. U ovom radu, autor se ukratko dotiče povijesne geneze tog instituta osvrćući se ponajprije na Jheringovu doktrinu o culpa in contrahendo. Prikazano je također uređenje predugovorne odgovornosti po prijašnjem ZOO-u da bi ga se usporedilo s danas važećim koje predstavlja korak dalje u pogledu opsega te odgovornosti. Značajna pozornost posvećena je i pitanju obujma odštete. Analizirano je i stanje u zemljama common law pravnog sustava, prije svega u Velikoj Britaniji i SAD-u koje glede ovog instituta stoje na različitim polaznim stajalištima (posebice u vezi priznavanja načela savjesnosti i poštenja) od zemalja europskog kontinentalnog sustava kojima pripada i Hrvatska., As we know, in 2005 the new Croatian Law of Obligations was enacted and one of the institutes which were changed was precontractual liability. In this paper, the author analyses the historical developement of this institute concentrating primarily on Jhering’s culpa in contrahendo doctrine. The regulation on precontractual liability by the former Law of Obligations was also shown so as to compare it with the existing one which represents a step forward concerning the extent of this liability. Signifi cant attention was also paid to the measure of damages. Moreover, it was interesting to see how common law countries treat precontractual liability, especially Great Britain and the USA, having in mind that their standpoint regarding this institute is somewhat different than that of civil law countries one of which is Croatia (with particular regard to the good faith principle).

Property rights and contract law are two of our most basic legal categories. Many legal scholars describe what makes them different; this Essay describes how they work together to promote economic exchange. Incorporating the insights of both “transaction cost” and “new property rights” economics, it identifies two crucial contributions that property rights make to real-world contracting: (1) precontractual liability, or protection for disclosure of sensitive information in the period leading up to contract formation; and (2) enforcement flexibility after a contract is executed, in the form of many subtle but important advantages that accrue to a contracting party who also holds a property right. This Essay argues that property’s “transactional” role is growing in importance, as the “new economy” ushers in a more transaction-intensive industrial structure featuring greater numbers of smaller, more specialized firms.