244 results on '"Pre exercise"'
Search Results
2. Initial Investigation of Athletes’ Electrocardiograms Acquired by Wearable Sensors during the Pre-exercise Phase
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Marco Pozzi, Ilaria Marcantoni, Laura Burattini, Gianluca Zitti, Micaela Morettini, Agnese Sbrollini, Maurizio Brocchini, Sofia Romagnoli, and Massimo Colaneri
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Wearable computer ,Bioengineering ,030229 sport sciences ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,biology.organism_classification ,Phase (combat) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to support large-scale prevention programs fighting sport-related sudden cardiac death by providing a set of electrocardiographic features representing a starting point in the development of normal reference values for the pre-exercise phase. Background: In people with underlying, often unknown, cardiovascular abnormalities, increased cardiovascular load during exercise can trigger sport-related sudden cardiac death. Prevention remains the only weapon to contrast sport-related sudden cardiac death. So far, no reference values have been proposed for electrocardiograms of athletes acquired with wearable sensors in the pre-exercise phase, consisting of the few minutes immediately before the beginning of the training session. Objective: To perform an initial investigation of athletes’ electrocardiograms acquired by wearable sensors during the pre-exercise phase. Methods: The analyzed electrocardiograms, acquired through BioHarness 3.0 by Zephyr, belong to 51 athletes (Sport Database and Cycling Database of the Cardiovascular Bioengineering Lab of the Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italy). Preliminary values consist of interquartile ranges of six electrocardiographic features which are heart rate, heart-rate variability, QRS duration, ST level, QT interval, and corrected QT interval. Results: For athletes 35 years old or younger, preliminary values were [72;91]bpm, [26;47]ms, [85;104]ms, [-0.08;0.08]mm, [326;364]ms and [378;422]ms, respectively. For athletes older than 35 years old, preliminary values were [71;94]bpm, [16;65]ms, [85;100]ms, [-0.11;0.07]mm, [330;368]ms and [394;414]ms, respectively. Conclusion: Availability of preliminary reference values could help identify those athletes who, due to electrocardiographic features out of normal ranges, are more likely to develop cardiac complications that may lead to sport-related sudden cardiac death.
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- 2021
3. Energy Drinks May Not Impact Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption: Considerations for Pre-exercise Test Recommendations
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Chad H. Herring, Valéria L. G. Panissa, Nicolas W. Clark, Jeffrey R. Stout, Erica R. Goldstein, David H. Fukuda, and Adam J. Wells
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Pharmacology ,Consumption (economics) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Cardiopulmonary testing ,Biochemistry ,Oxygen ,Test (assessment) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pre exercise ,chemistry ,Caffeine consumption ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Graded exercise test ,Caffeine ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine whether energy drink (ED) formulas containing 140 and 100 mg of caffeine have the potential to alter excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) r...
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- 2021
4. Effect of Pre-Exercise Heat Pack Treatment on Markers of Muscle Damage After Resistance Exercise
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Hyung-pil Jun, Yuri Lee, and Jinhee Woo
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030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Resistance training ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,QD415-436 ,030229 sport sciences ,Muscle damage ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,muscle damage ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,business ,heat pack treatment - Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre-exercise heat pack treatment on muscle activity and markers of muscle damage after exercise-induced damage.METHODS: Ten healthy male university students were tested for 3 weeks. They were exposed to three conditions (non-warm-up exercise, warm-up exercise, and heat pack treatment) before exercise. The experiment was conducted at 1-week intervals for every participant. The warm-up exercise was performed by combining a modified active warm-up with a cycle ergometer and an isokinetic dynamometer. The main exercise, which modified the exercise-induced muscle damage protocol, was conducted by flexing and extending the knee joint using an isokinetic dynamometer. The heat pack treatment before the exercise involved moist heat application for 20 min.RESULTS: The changes in blood muscle fatigue markers and blood muscle damage markers were not significantly different between the groups (α>.05). However, significant differences were observed in the time immediately after exercise, 10-min recovery, 30-min recovery, and 60-min recovery (pp
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- 2021
5. Effects of pre-exercise mineral-containing supplemention on oxidative stress markers, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
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Chihiro Nagayama, Masashi Miyashita, Yusei Tataka, Kayoko Kamemoto, Saki Namura, and Yuka Hamada
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Pre exercise ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Lipid metabolism ,Carbohydrate ,medicine.disease_cause ,Oxidative stress - Published
- 2021
6. Impact of pre‐exercise feeding status on metabolic adaptations to endurance‐type exercise training
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Javier T. Gonzalez, Francoise Koumanov, and Robert M. Edinburgh
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Carbohydrates ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,Increased lipid ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lipid oxidation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Exercise ,biology ,business.industry ,Glucose transporter ,medicine.disease ,Lipids ,030104 developmental biology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,biology.protein ,Insulin Resistance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,GLUT4 - Abstract
Nutrition and exercise metabolism are vibrant physiological fields, yet at times it feels as if greater progress could be made by better integrating these disciplines. Exercise is advocated for improving metabolic health, in part by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. However, when a modest-to-high carbohydrate load is consumed before and/or during each exercise bout within a training programme, increases in oral glucose insulin sensitivity can be blunted in both men of a healthy weight and those with overweight/obesity. Exercise training-induced adaptation in the energy sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 protein levels are sensitive to pre-exercise feeding status in both healthy individuals and individuals classified as overweight or obese. Increased lipid oxidation may, in part, explain the enhanced adaptive responses to exercise training performed before (i.e. fasted-state exercise) versus after nutrient ingestion. Evidence in individuals with type 2 diabetes currently shows no effect of altering nutrient-exercise timing for measured markers of metabolic health, or greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations with exercise performed after versus before nutrient provision. Since the metabolic inflexibility associated with type 2 diabetes diminishes differences in lipid oxidation between the fasted and fed states, it is plausible that pre-exercise feeding status does not alter adaptations to exercise when metabolic flexibility is already compromised. Current evidence suggests restricting carbohydrate intake before and during exercise can enhance some health benefits of exercise, but in order to establish clinical guidelines, further research is needed with hard outcomes and different populations.
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- 2021
7. The effect of pre-exercise Nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring neuromuscular response during soccer-specific activity
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Matt Greig, Christopher Brogden, and Michael O’Boyle
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Electromyography ,business.industry ,Hamstring Muscles ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Football ,Pre exercise ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,Soccer ,Injury prevention ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Eccentric ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,business ,Exercise ,Hamstring - Abstract
Background: The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has emerged as a popular intervention for improving eccentric hamstring strength, however recent literature suggests there is a potential for an incr...
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- 2020
8. The proposal of an adapted pre-exercise screening tool for the recruitment of the elderly in research with resistance training
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Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto, Dahan da Cuhna Nascimento, Jonato Prestes, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Bruno Saraiva, Guilherme Pereira, Adamor da Silva Lima, and Renato Valduga
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medicine.medical_specialty ,musculoskeletal dysfunction ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Biophysics ,Resistance training ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Pre exercise ,physical function tests ,GV557-1198.995 ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Screening tool ,orthopaedic evaluation ,business ,Sports - Published
- 2020
9. Pre-Exercise Nutrition Habits and Beliefs of Endurance Athletes Vary by Sex, Competitive Level, and Diet
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Andrew E. Kilding, Daniel J. Plews, and Jeffrey Rothschild
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Adolescent ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,Diet ,Habits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical Endurance ,Physical therapy ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,business ,Exercise - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the self-reported beliefs and practices relating to pre-exercise nutrition intake among endurance athletes of varying ages and competitive levels and examine differences based on sex, competitive level, and habitual dietary pattern.An anonymous online survey was circulated internationally in English and completed by 1950 athletes of varying competitive levels (51.0% female, mean age 40.9 years [range 18:78]). Survey questions included training background, determinants of pre-exercise nutrition intake and composition, and timing relative to exercise.Prior to morning exercise, 36.4%, 36.0%, and 27.6% of athletes consumed carbohydrate-containing food/drinks before almost every workout, some of the time, and never/rarely, respectively, with significant effects of sex (Overall, nearly all factors measured relating to pre-exercise nutrition intake varied by sex, competitive level, habitual dietary pattern, and/or intensity/duration of the training session and suggest a large number of athletes may not be following current recommendations for optimizing endurance training adaptations.
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- 2020
10. Effects of Pre-exercise Acute Vibration Training on Symptoms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Allan Fu, Jeremy Witchalls, Oren Tirosh, Xiaojian Shi, Gordon Waddington, Xueping Wu, Jingwang Tan, Jia Han, and Sam Shi Xuan Wu
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Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Muscle damage ,Cochrane Library ,Vibration ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Caffeine ,Humans ,Eccentric ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Tonic vibration reflex ,Muscle fibre ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Exercise ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,business.industry ,Myalgia ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Meta-analysis ,Anesthesia ,business - Abstract
Tan, J, Shi, X, Witchalls, J, Waddington, G, Lun Fu, AC, Wu, S, Tirosh, O, Wu, X, and Han, J. Effects of pre-exercise acute vibration training on symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2339-2348, 2022-Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) normally occurs after unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric exercises. Symptoms of EIMD include delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), tenderness, stiffness, swelling, reduced strength, and increased creatine kinase (CK) levels in the blood. Vibration training (VT) may be useful as a pre-exercise intervention in attenuating EIMD on the basis of tonic vibration reflex (TVR) through a more efficient distribution of contractile stress over muscle fibers. The objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the effects of acute VT on symptoms of EIMD when performed as the pre-exercise intervention. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the 8 databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Airiti Library and WanFang Data from 1966 (the earliest available time) to January 2019 were searched. A total of 2,324 records were identified and 448 articles were screened with the title and abstract. Two investigators identified eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias independently. Review Manager 5.3 designed by Cochrane was used for the current meta-analysis. Six RCTs involving 180 subjects were included in the analysis. A low-to-moderate methodological quality of the included studies was revealed using the physiotherapy evidence database scale. The results showed that acute VT was superior to the control group for the reduction of DOMS on pain visual analogue scale at 24, 48 hours and pressure pain threshold at 24 hours. In addition, superior effects of acute VT were also found on the indirect markers of muscle damage including CK at 24, 72 hours, and lactate dehydrogenase at 24 hours. The current meta-analysis has collated the evidence to demonstrate that receiving acute VT before unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric exercises may be effective in attenuating markers of muscle damage and the development of DOMS when compared with a control group. The possible mechanisms of this effect could be attributed to an improved synchronization of muscle fiber caused by TVR, which could result in even distribution of exterior loads and eventually attenuate disruptions of muscle fibers. In addition, increased blood flow may also be helpful to prevent accumulation of metabolic substances and attenuate subsequent symptoms of EIMD. Vibration training may be used as a pre-exercise intervention to alleviate symptoms of EIMD caused by unaccustomed high-intensity eccentric exercise. Because of the limited quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to ascertain the effect of VT on symptoms of EIMD.
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- 2020
11. The effects of a pre-exercise meal on postexercise metabolism following a session of sprint interval training
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Luke W. Vanderheyden, Greg L. McKie, Greg J. Howe, Abigail A. Broad, and Tom J. Hazell
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Interval training ,Fat mass ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Meal ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Lipid metabolism ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,Adipose Tissue ,Sprint ,Cardiology ,Energy Metabolism ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Physical Conditioning, Human ,Federal state - Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) has demonstrated reductions in fat mass through potential alterations in postexercise metabolism. This study examined whether exercising in the fasted or fed state affects postexercise metabolism following acute SIT. Ten active males performed a bout of modified SIT (8 × 15-s sprints; 120 s recovery) in both a fasted (FAST) and fed (FED) state. Gas exchange was collected through 3 h postexercise, appetite perceptions were measured using a visual analog scale, and energy intake was recorded using dietary food logs. There was no difference in energy expenditure between conditions at any time point (p > 0.329) or in total session energy expenditure (FED: 514.8 ± 54.9 kcal, FAST: 504.0 ± 74.3 kcal; p = 0.982). Fat oxidation at 3 h after exercise was higher in FED (0.110 ± 0.04 g·min−1) versus FAST (0.069 ± 0.02 g·min−1; p = 0.013) though not different between conditions across time (p > 0.340) or in total postexercise fat oxidation (FED: 0.125 ± 0.04 g·min−1, FAST: 0.105 ± 0.02 g·min−1; p = 0.154). Appetite perceptions were lower in FED (–4815.0 ± 4098.7 mm) versus FAST (–707.5 ± 2010.4 mm, p = 0.022); however, energy intake did not differ between conditions (p = 0.429). These results demonstrate the fasted or fed state does not augment postexercise metabolism following acute SIT in a way that would favour fat loss following training. Novelty Energy expenditure was similar between conditions, while fat oxidation was significantly greater in FED at 3 h after exercise. Appetite perceptions were significantly lower in FED; however, energy intake was not different between conditions. Current findings suggest that performing SIT in the fed or fasted state would not affect fat loss following training.
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- 2020
12. Changes of Exhalation Gas variables and Blood Components during Treadmill Exercise according to Pre-Exercise Drinking
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Yan-Wei Qi and Kwon,Yang-Ki
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TG - Triglyceride ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pre exercise ,RER - Respiratory exchange ratio ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Exhalation ,Treadmill exercise ,business - Published
- 2019
13. Effect of Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake on Endurance Performance and Core Temperature Regulation During Exercise in the Heat: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
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Catherine Naulleau, David Jeker, Timothée Pancrate, Pascale Claveau, Thomas A. Deshayes, Louise M. Burke, and Eric D. B. Goulet
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemistry ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Core temperature ,Placebo ,Pre exercise ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Endurance training ,Meta-analysis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Ingestion ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Caffeine intake ,Caffeine - Abstract
BackgroundHeat is associated with physiological strain and endurance performance (EP) impairments. Studies have investigated the impact of caffeine intake upon EP and core temperature (CT) in the heat, but results are conflicting. There is a need to systematically determine the impact of pre-exercise caffeine intake in the heat.ObjectiveUse a meta-analytical approach to determine the effect of pre-exercise caffeine intake on EP and CTin the heat.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesFour databases and cross-referencing.Data analysisWeighted mean effect summaries using random-effects models for EP and CT, as well as meta regressions with robust standard errors to explore confounders.Study selectionPlacebo-controlled, randomized studies in adults (≥ 18 yrs old) with caffeine intake at least 30 min before endurance exercise ≥ 30 min, performed in ambient conditions ≥ 27°C.ResultsRespectively 6 and 12 studies examined caffeine’s impact on EP and CT, representing 52 and 205 endurance-trained individuals. On average, 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine were taken 1 h before exercises of ∼ 70 min conducted at 34°C and 47% relative humidity. Caffeine supplementation improved EP by 2.0 ± 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6 to 3.5%) and increased the rate of change in CTby 0.10 ± 0.04°C/h (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.16°C/h), compared with the ingestion of a placebo.ConclusionCaffeine ingestion of 6 mg/kg body mass ∼ 1 h before an exercise in the heat provides a worthwhile improvement in EP of 2%, while trivially increasing the rate of change in CTby 0.10°C/h.
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- 2021
14. Pre-Exercise Whole- or Partial-Body Cryotherapy Exposure to Improve Physical Performance: A Systematic Review
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Julie Cooke, Emily M. Partridge, Andrew J. McKune, and David B. Pyne
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medicine.medical_specialty ,neuromuscular facilitation ,Sports medicine ,cooling ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,biomarkers ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Cryotherapy ,physical performance ,Physiological responses ,Pre exercise ,Quality research ,Physical performance ,GV557-1198.995 ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Systematic Review ,business ,Psychosocial ,Systematic search ,Sports - Abstract
Whole- (WBC) and partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) are commonly used sports medicine modalities for the treatment of injury and exercise recovery. Physiological and perceptual effects have the potential to be utilised in a novel application that involves pre-exercise WBC and PBC exposure to improve physical performance. A systematic literature search of multiple databases was conducted in July 2021 to identify and evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure of WBC or PBC on physical performance measures, and any potential translational effects. The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) use of WBC or PBC exposure pre-exercise, (2) use of WBC or PBC in healthy and/or athletic populations, (3) control group was used in the data collection, and (4) investigated physiological, psychosocial or direct physical performance impacts of pre-exercise cryotherapy exposure. A total of 759 titles were identified, with twelve relevant studies satisfying the inclusion criteria after full-text screening. The twelve studies were categorised into three key areas: performance testing (n = 6), oxidative stress response (n = 4) and lysosomal enzyme activity (n = 2). The potential for eliciting favourable physical and physiological responses from pre-exercise WBC or PBC is currently unclear with a paucity of good quality research available. Furthermore, a lack of standardisation of cryotherapy protocols is a current challenge.
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- 2021
15. Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Drink Adding Protein Improves Post-exercise Fatigue Recovery
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Albert Yi-Wey Tan, Sareena-Hanim Hamzah, Chih-Yang Huang, and Chia-Hua Kuo
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Antioxidant ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,free radical scavenging capacity ,plant-based protein ,reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ,Pre exercise ,soy ,Animal science ,Physiology (medical) ,Post exercise ,medicine ,GSH ,QP1-981 ,Original Research ,biology ,Chemistry ,High intensity ,Carbohydrate Drink ,food and beverages ,Carbohydrate ,ferric reducing antioxidant power ,biology.protein ,FRAP ,Creatine kinase ,GSSG ,Cycling - Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the requirement of protein in pre-exercise carbohydrate drinks for optimal endurance performance at high intensity and post-exercise fatigue recovery.Methods: Endurance performance at 85% V.O2peak of young men (age 20 ± 0.9 years, V.2peak 49.3 ± 0.3 L/min) was measured for two consecutive days using cycling time to exhaustion and total work exerted 2 h after three isocaloric supplementations: RICE (50 g, protein: 1.8 g), n = 7; SOY + RICE (50 g, protein: 4.8 g), n = 7; and WHEY + RICE (50 g, protein: 9.2 g), n = 7.Results: Endurance performance was similar for the three supplemented conditions. Nevertheless, maximal cycling time and total exerted work from Day 1 to Day 2 were improved in the WHEY + RICE (+21%, p = 0.05) and SOY-RICE (+16%, p = 0.10) supplemented conditions, not the RICE supplemented condition. Increases in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed 1 h after exercise regardless of supplemented conditions. Plasma creatine kinase remained unchanged after exercise for all three supplemented conditions. Increases in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) after exercise were small and similar for the three supplemented conditions.Conclusion: Adding protein into carbohydrate drinks provides no immediate benefit in endurance performance and antioxidant capacity yet enhances fatigue recovery for the next day. Soy-containing carbohydrate drink, despite 50% less protein content, shows similar fatigue recovery efficacy to the whey protein-containing carbohydrate drink. These results suggest the importance of dietary nitrogen sources in fatigue recovery after exercise.
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- 2021
16. Impact of Pre-exercise Hypohydration on Aerobic Exercise Performance, Peak Oxygen Consumption and Oxygen Consumption at Lactate Threshold: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
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Eric Goulet, David Jeker, and Thomas A. Deshayes
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Physics ,Dehydration ,Lactate threshold ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030229 sport sciences ,Athletic Performance ,Oxygen ,03 medical and health sciences ,Crystallography ,Pre exercise ,Oxygen Consumption ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Lactic Acid ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise - Abstract
Progressive exercise-induced dehydration may impair aerobic exercise performance (AEP). However, no systematic approach has yet been used to determine how pre-exercise hypohydration, which imposes physiological challenges differing from those of a well-hydrated pre-exercise state, affects AEP and related components such as peak oxygen consumption $$(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}} )$$ and $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$ at lactate threshold $$(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}})$$. To determine, using a systematic approach with meta-analysis, the magnitude of the effect of pre-exercise hypohydration on AEP, $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ and $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}}$$. This was a systematic review with meta-analysis of well-controlled studies. MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL databases and cross-referencing. (1) well-controlled human (≥ 18 years) studies; (2) pre-exercise hypohydration induced at least 1 h prior to exercise onset; (3) pre-exercise body mass loss in the hypohydrated, experimental condition was ≥ 1% and ≥ 0.5% than the well-hydrated, control condition; (4) following the dehydrating protocol body mass change in the control condition was within − 1% to + 0.5% of the well-hydrated body mass. A total of 15 manuscripts were included, among which 14, 6 and 6 met the inclusion criteria for AEP, $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ and $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}}$$, respectively, providing 21, 10 and 9 effect estimates, representing 186 subjects. Mean body mass decrease was 3.6 ± 1.0% (range 1.7–5.6%). Mean AEP test time among studies was 22.3 ± 13.5 min (range 4.5–54.4 min). Pre-exercise hypohydration impaired AEP by 2.4 ± 0.8% (95% CI 0.8–4.0%), relative to the control condition. Peak oxygen consumption and $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}}$$, respectively, decreased by 2.4 ± 0.8% (95% CI 0.7–4.0%) and 4.4 ± 1.4% (95% CI 1.7–7.1%), relative to the control condition. Compared with starting an exercise hypohydrated, it is respectively likely, possible and likely that AEP, $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ and $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}}$$ benefit from a euhydrated state prior to exercise. Meta-regression analyses did not establish any significant relationship between differences in body mass loss and differences in the percent change in AEP or $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}}$$. However, $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ was found to decrease by 2.6 ± 0.8 % (95% CI 0.7–4.5%) for each percent loss in body mass above a body mass loss threshold of 2.8%. Pre-exercise hypohydration likely impairs AEP and likely reduces $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2} {\text{LT}}$$ (i.e., the aerobic contribution to exercise was lower) during running and cycling exercises ≤ 1 h across different environmental conditions (i.e., from 19 to 40 °C). Moreover, pre-exercise hypohydration possibly impedes $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak}}}}$$ during such exercises.
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- 2019
17. Pre-exercise hypohydration prevalence in soccer players: A quantitative systematic review
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Peter Clarys, Bruno Tassignon, Laurent Chapelle, Patrick Mullie, Nikki Rommers, Evelien Mertens, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Movement and Sport Sciences, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Spine Research Group, General and Biological Chemistry, and Fitness and Health Promotion
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Athletic Performance ,Urinalysis ,Urine ,Cohort Studies ,Pre exercise ,Sex Factors ,Bias ,Soccer ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Specific Gravity ,Dehydration ,business.industry ,Osmolar Concentration ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Pre-exercise hypohydration can impair soccer performance and has been extensively studied in different soccer populations. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to report hypohydration prevalence, measured by blood or urine samples, in different soccer populations based on sex (males and females), performance level (professional and recreational players) and context (training sessions and games). The Pubmed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases were systematically searched until November 2018. Data were pooled to compare hypohydration prevalence between the different subgroups. Following the systematic search selection process, 24 studies were included. The results indicated that overall pre-exercise hypohydration prevalence was 63.3%, 37.4% and 58.8% for urine specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (U Osm) and urine colour, respectively. Furthermore, no study implemented blood samples to examine hypohydration prevalence in soccer players. The subgroup analyses using USG data indicated that pre-exercise hypohydration prevalence was significantly higher amongst males (66.0%; p = 0.001), professional soccer players (66.2%; p = 0.020) and before a training session (79.6%; p < 0.001). Pre-exercise hypohydration prevalence was 46.8% among female soccer players, 55.6% in recreational soccer players and 41,3% before a game. The subgroup analyses using U Osm data indicated that hypohydration prevalence was significantly higher before a training session (52.6%; p = 0.023). Based on these results, it can be concluded that hypohydration prevalence in soccer players is of major concern. Future research should explore how pre-exercise hydration status can be improved in a sustainable way.
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- 2019
18. SISMES XI NATIONAL CONGRESS
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Sara Baldassano, Alessandra Amato, Patrizia Proia, and Cristina Cortis
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Consumption (economics) ,Pre exercise ,business.industry ,Physiology ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Young female ,business ,Bone resorption - Published
- 2019
19. Current Approaches on Warming up for Sports Performance: A Critical Review
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Daniel A. Marinho, Maria Helena Gil, Henrique P. Neiva, Antonio Sousa, and Mário C. Marques
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03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Applied psychology ,030229 sport sciences ,Psychology ,Warming up - Abstract
WARM-UP PROCEDURES HAVE BECOME RELEVANT FOR COACHES, RESEARCHERS, AND SPORTS PROFESSIONALS IN RECENT YEARS. SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED TO VERIFY THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PREACTIVITIES, REGARDING DIFFERING VOLUME, INTENSITY, REST, AND SPECIFICITY, AND THE WARM-UP IS NOW WIDELY ACCEPT
- Published
- 2019
20. Pre-Exercise Subjective Estimation of Heart Rate in Different Physical Activities among Physical Education Students
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Aya Ekshtein, Yoav Meckel, Alon Eliakim, and Sharon Tsuk
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Estimation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,education ,Significant difference ,General Medicine ,Physical education ,Pre exercise ,Heart rate ,Exercise intensity ,Physical therapy ,Aerobic exercise ,Medicine ,business ,Activity Session - Abstract
Physical education teachers should be able to evaluate exercise intensity objectively as well as subjectively in order to implement the appropriate load during activity sessions. Whereas measuring oxygen uptake or blood lactate level during exercise may be a complicated task in field conditions, monitoring heart rate (HR) values can be a relatively simple procedure when performed outdoors. The aim of this study was to examine the subjective estimation accuracy of HR in different exercises among physical education students. Pre-exercise estimations of HR were collected from 180 students prior to a multi-task activity session. The estimated HR values were then compared with true HR values, which were monitored throughout the session using a portable HR monitor system. A mean significant difference of 13.4% was found between the estimated and actual HRs for all activities. A majority of the students (70%) estimated HR values to be lower than the true values. The most accurate HR estimations were found in extremely easy or in extremely difficult activities, whereas the least accurate estimations were found in moderate-level activities. No significant differences were found in HR estimation accuracy between males and females or between individuals with higher and with lower aerobic fitness. The results indicated that physical education students can estimate their HR responses to a reasonable degree of accuracy, but with most underestimating them compared to the actual values.
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- 2019
21. Influence of the Glycemic Index of Pre-exercise Meals in Sports Performance: A Systematic Review
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Carolina Guerini de Souza, Laura Camargo Ferrugem, and Gabriela Lucciana Martini
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Meal ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Free acid ,MEDLINE ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical exercise ,030229 sport sciences ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glycemic index ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Blood lactate ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) is essential for physical exercise. Some strategies for improving performance are based on the manipulation of the glycemic index (GI) of this nutrient during pre-exercise. Although several studies have been conducted on this subject, the use of low or high GI in a pre-exercise meal to improve performance remains undefined. Methods: In the present systematic review, the Pubmed (Medline) and Virtual Health Library databases were searched for randomized clinical trials conducted with healthy, physically active adults between 2006 and 2019, in which performance in addition to blood biochemical parameters, substrate utilization, body composition, perception of effort, and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated. The identified articles were independently and blindly evaluated by two authors, and any disagreements were resolved by a third investigator. Results: Five of the sixteen studies reviewed found differences in performance; of these, four were with low GI intervention. Few studies showed modifications in blood lactate and glucose levels beyond fatty free acid oxidation. No differences could be seen in the other parameters. The results as well as the methodologies used were heterogeneous; therefore, there are no clear advantages in determining the specific GI of the pre-exercise meal. Conclusions: There is no evidence that the pre-exercise meal GI influences performance. The heterogeneity of the studies precludes further conclusions.
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- 2018
22. Is There an Ideal Performance Time for the Latex Tube Exercise?
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Ana Carolina Constantini and Mariana Ripari Bassetto
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Speech and Hearing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pre exercise ,Otorhinolaryngology ,business.industry ,Vocal effort ,Medicine ,Audiology ,Tube (container) ,LPN and LVN ,Vocal quality ,business ,Amateur - Abstract
Purpose SOVTE has been widely used in voice clinic. Estimates of time to perform the technique with a flexible latex tube are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of flexible latex tube immersed in water on amateur singers after 1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes, considering: (a) the singers' self-assessment regarding voice and vocal effort; (b) acoustic parameters; and (c) auditory-perceptual parameters of voice quality. Methods Twenty nine amateur singers (14 women and 15 men) performed the exercise with latex tube (35 cm X 0.9 cm) in one 1-minute set and three 2-minute sets. Data collection was conducted before and immediately after each set using sustained emission of vowel [a]. Results Women and men were considered separately. Vocal self-assessment showed a statistically significant increase in negative sensations after 7 minutes of exercise for women. Auditory-perceptual analysis indicated voices were perceived more often as “equal” comparing pre exercise with first minute set and more often as “better” in the third and fifth minutes comparing with pre exercise only for women. The other parameters showed no significance. Conclusions The exercise with flexible latex tube in amateur singers promoted improvement in vocal quality after 3 and 5 minutes for women. Also, the women presented significant negative sensations after 7 minutes. Immediate effect on the analyzed parameters was not observed in men.
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- 2021
23. Effect of Pre-Exercise Music on Bench Press Power, Velocity, and Repetition Volume
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Joseph A Pederson, Matthew T Phillips, Tyler D. Williams, Mason L Favre, Christopher G. Ballmann, and Rebecca R. Rogers
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Weight Lifting ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Audiology ,Bench press ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Active listening ,Muscle Strength ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Repetition (rhetorical device) ,05 social sciences ,Resistance training ,Resistance Training ,030229 sport sciences ,Sensory Systems ,Power (physics) ,Exercise Therapy ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Psychology ,Music - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to pre-exercise music on bench press performance. We recruited 10 resistance trained males (M age= 22.8, SD = 5.8 years; M height= 173.7, SD = 8.3 cm; M body mass = 81.0, SD = 18.2 kg) for this crossover counterbalanced research design. Participants completed two bench press exercise trials of (a) No music (NM), and (b) Pre-exercise music (PreExM) separated by at least 48 hours. For each trial, following a warm-up, participants listened to music or no music for three minutes. After this 3-minute period, they completed one set of bench press repetitions with maximum explosive intent at 75% one repetition maximum (1 RPM). We used a rotary encoder to measure power and velocity of barbell movement. After a 3-minute rest during which they again listened to music or no music, participants completed another set of repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1RM. Immediately following this second set of repetitions, we measured exercise motivation with a visual analog scale (VAS). We found that the PreExM condition increased mean power output (p = 0.005; d = 0.792) and barbell velocity (p = 0.015; d = 0.722). RTF were significantly higher during the PreExM versus NM trial (p = 0.002; d = 0.985), and motivation was significantly higher in the PreExM trial versus NM (p = 0.001; d = 0.932). These findings suggest improved muscle power explosiveness and strength-endurance when listening to music before a bench press exercise. From a practical standpoint, athletes who have the option of listening to music immediately prior to resistance exercise may benefit from its use.
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- 2021
24. Evaluating the feasibility of a Pre-Exercise Screening System for Young People
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V. Booth, B. Furzer, K. Beetham, C. Willis, R. Reid, K. Wright, and T. Ton
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Pre exercise ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
25. Pre-exercise Caffeine Intake Enhances Bench Press Strength Training Adaptations
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Verónica Giráldez-Costas, Carlos Ruíz-Moreno, Jaime González-García, Beatriz Lara, Juan Del Coso, and Juan José Salinero
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0301 basic medicine ,Strength training ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Placebo ,ergogenic aid ,Bench press ,Placebo group ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Medicine ,Nutrition ,Original Research ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,stimulant ,030229 sport sciences ,resistance exercise ,chemistry ,Peak velocity ,muscle strength ,Caffeine intake ,resistance training ,business ,Caffeine ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Previous research has identified acute caffeine intake as an effective ergogenic aid to enhance velocity and power during bench press exercise. However, no previous investigation has analyzed the effects of chronic intake of caffeine on training adaptations induced by bench press strength training. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of pre-exercise caffeine intake on training adaptations induced by a bench press training protocol. Using a double-blind, randomized experimental design, 16 healthy participants underwent a bench press training protocol for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Seven participants ingested a placebo and nine participants ingested 3 mg/kg/BM of caffeine before each training session. Three days before, and 3 days after the completion of the training protocol, participants performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and force-velocity test (from 10 to 100% 1RM). From comparable pre-training values, the strength training similarly increased 1RM in the caffeine and placebo groups (+13.5 ± 7.8% vs. +11.3 ± 5.3%, respectively; p = 0.53). In the caffeine group, the strength training induced a higher mean velocity at 40%, (0.81 ± 0.08 vs. 0.90 ± 0.14 m/s), 60% (0.60 ± 0.06 vs. 0.65 ± 0.06 m/s), 70% (0.47 ± 0.05 vs. 0.55 ± 0.06 m/s), 80% (0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05 m/s), 90% (0.26 ± 0.07 vs. 0.34 ± 0.06 m/s), and 100% 1RM (0.14 ± 0.04 vs. 0.25 ± 0.05 m/s; p < 0.05) while the increases in the placebo group were evident only at 30 (0.95 ± 0.06 vs. 1.03 ± 0.07 m/s), 70% (0.51 ± 0.03 vs. 0.57 ± 0.05 m/s) and 80% 1RM (0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05 m/s) (p < 0.05). The placebo group only increased peak velocity at 60 and 70% 1RM (p < 0.05) while peak velocity increased at 10%, and from 30 to 100% 1RM in the caffeine group (p < 0.05). The use of 3 mg/kg/BM of caffeine before exercise did not modify improvements in 1RM obtained during a 4 week bench press strength training program but induced more muscle performance adaptations over a wider range of load.
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- 2021
26. Pre-exercise skin temperature evolution is not related with 100 m front crawl performance
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Ricardo J. Fernandes, Irene Jimenez-Perez, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Marina Gil-Calvo, and Ricardo Vardasca
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Male ,0106 biological sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Materials science ,Adolescent ,Warm-Up Exercise ,Physiology ,030310 physiology ,Athletic Performance ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Warm-up ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Front craw ,Swimming ,0303 health sciences ,Core (anatomy) ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Skin temperature ,Stroke frequency ,Transition phase ,Infrared thermography ,Skin Temperature ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Front crawl ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
During the transition between warm-up and competition there is a change in core, muscle and (eventually) skin temperature that may affect swimming performance. We have aimed to assess skin temperature evolution during transition phases of different durations before a typical front crawl effort and to investigate its relationship with performance. Following a standardized warm-up, nine adolescent male swimmers performed three maximal randomized 100 m maximum front crawl trials after 10, 20 and 45 min transition phases. Skin temperature, performance (time, stroke frequency, length and index, and propelling efficiency), heart rate, lactate and perceived effort were assessed. Data showed a skin temperature log increase over time (R2 > 0.96, p < 0.01) without differences from the 15 min with the following instants. Performance and psychophysiological variables were similar between transition phases. However, skin temperature at the end of the transition periods, i.e., just before the 100 m trials, was lower in the 10 min than the 20 and 45 min transitions (32.0 ± 0.6 vs 33.0 ± 0.4 and 33.5 ± 0.5 ◦C, respectively). The main finding was that no relevant relationships were observed between pre-test skin temperature and performance times (|r| < 0.6, p > 0.05) for the studied transition phases. We have concluded that transitions longer than 10 min will not present thermal changes and that, within the physiologic limits studied, pre-exercise skin temperature does not influence swimming performance. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
27. Application of acute pre-exercise partial-body cryotherapy promotes jump performance, salivary α-amylase and athlete readiness
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Julie Cooke, Andrew J. McKune, Emily M. Partridge, and David B. Pyne
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biology ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Resistance training ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Cryotherapy ,Pre exercise ,Autonomic nervous system ,Physiology (medical) ,Anesthesia ,Post activation potentiation ,biology.protein ,Jump ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Amylase ,business - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the application of a single pre-exercise bout of partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) to augment jump performance, salivary biomarkers and self-reported performance readiness. Twelve male rugby union players (age 20.7 ± 3.2 yr; body mass 93.1 ± 13.9 kg; mean ± SD) were exposed to PBC for 3 min at -140°C or control condition prior to a pre-post series of loaded countermovement jumps (CMJ), salivary biomarker samples and performance readiness questionnaires. PBC elicited a moderately greater improvement in CMJ velocity of +4.7 ± 3.5% (mean ± 90% confidence limits) from baseline to 15 min in comparison with a -1.9 ± 4.8% mean difference in the control condition. The mean change in concentration of salivary α-amylase at 15 min was substantially increased by +131 ± 109% after PBC exposure, compared to a -4.2 ± 42% decrease in the control. Salivary testosterone concentrations were unclear at all timepoints in both the PBC and control interventions. Self-reported perceptions of overall performance readiness indicated small to moderate increases in mental fatigue, mood, muscle soreness and overall questionnaire score after PBC compared to control with a higher score more favourable for performance. The application of pre-exercise PBC can elicit favourable outcomes in controlled physical performance tests and holds promise to be applied to training or competition settings.
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- 2020
28. What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions
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Daniel J. Plews, Andrew E. Kilding, and Jeffrey Rothschild
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medicine.medical_specialty ,cycling ,fasting ,Sports Nutritional Sciences ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Review ,Athletic Performance ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Endurance training ,medicine ,running ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Ingestion ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Exercise duration ,Exercise ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Nutritional Requirements ,030229 sport sciences ,Adaptive response ,Adaptation, Physiological ,periodization ,carbohydrate ,Exercise intensity ,Research studies ,Physical Endurance ,adaptations ,business ,Energy Intake ,Fat burning ,Food Science - Abstract
The primary variables influencing the adaptive response to a bout of endurance training are exercise duration and exercise intensity. However, altering the availability of nutrients before and during exercise can also impact the training response by modulating the exercise stimulus and/or the physiological and molecular responses to the exercise-induced perturbations. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current knowledge of the influence of pre-exercise nutrition ingestion on the metabolic, physiological, and performance responses to endurance training and suggest directions for future research. Acutely, carbohydrate ingestion reduces fat oxidation, but there is little evidence showing enhanced fat burning capacity following long-term fasted-state training. Performance is improved following pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion for longer but not shorter duration exercise, while training-induced performance improvements following nutrition strategies that modulate carbohydrate availability vary based on the type of nutrition protocol used. Contrasting findings related to the influence of acute carbohydrate ingestion on mitochondrial signaling may be related to the amount of carbohydrate consumed and the intensity of exercise. This review can help to guide athletes, coaches, and nutritionists in personalizing pre-exercise nutrition strategies, and for designing research studies to further elucidate the role of nutrition in endurance training adaptations.
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- 2020
29. Exercise-Induced Improvements in Postprandial Glucose Response Are Blunted by Pre-Exercise Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Individuals
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Steven Carter and Thomas P. J. Solomon
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,postprandial ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bolus (medicine) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Glycemic ,lcsh:RC648-665 ,Cross-Over Studies ,exercise ,business.industry ,Postprandial Period ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Trial ,Crossover study ,Clinical trial ,heterogeneity, variability ,030104 developmental biology ,Postprandial ,Hyperglycemia ,Healthy individuals ,glycemic control ,Cardiology ,type 2 diabetes ,Energy Metabolism ,business - Abstract
BackgroundExercise improves glycemic control but the magnitude, and in some cases, the direction of this effect is variable. Ambient hyperglycemia has been implicated in this exercise response heterogeneity. The current study investigated whether pre-exercise hyperglycemia directly impacts the effect of exercise on glycemic control.MethodsTwelve healthy normal glucose-tolerant males completed four trials in a randomized, crossover design. Each trial consisted of 24-h pre-intervention monitoring, a 7-h intervention, and 24-h post-intervention monitoring. Glycemic control was measured throughout the study by continuous glucose monitoring. The four interventions were no exercise (CON) or 45 min of cycling exercise (70%HRmax) preceded by 3.5 h of either normoglycemia (NG-Ex), steady-state hyperglycemia induced by constant glucose infusion (HG-Ex) or fluctuating glycemia induced by repeated glucose bolus infusions (FG-Ex).ResultsPhysical activity and diet were similar between trials, and energy expenditure during exercise was matched between exercise trials (all P > 0.05). Mean glucose during the 3.5 h ± infusion period was higher in HG-Ex (mean ± SEM; 7.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L) and FG-Ex (7.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L) compared to CON (4.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and NG-Ex (5.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L) trials (P < 0.01). Glycemic variability was greatest in FG-Ex (P < 0.01). Following the interventions, the postprandial glucose response (iAUC) was reduced by exercise in NG-Ex compared to CON (321.1 ± 38.6 vs. 445.5 ± 49.7 mmol/L.8h, P < 0.05, d=0.81). This benefit was blunted when exercise was preceded by steady-state (HG-Ex, 425.3 ± 45.7 mmol/L.8h) and fluctuating (FG-Ex, 465.5 ± 39.3 mmol/L.8h) hyperglycemia (both P > 0.05 vs. CON).ConclusionPre-exercise hyperglycemia blunted the glucoregulatory benefits of acute exercise upon postprandial glucose response, suggesting that exposure to hyperglycemia contributes to exercise response heterogeneity.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03284216.
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- 2020
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30. Differential effects of pre-exercise on cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in fast- and slow-twitch muscles
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Toshimasa Takahashi, Koichi Yamamoto, Yasushi Takeya, Hidemi Fujino, Minoru Tanaka, Hiroshi Akasaka, Keyu Xie, Taku Fujimoto, Ken Sugimoto, Hiromi Rakugi, Yukiko Yasunobe, and Takumi Hirabayashi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cachexia ,Neovascularization, Physiologic ,Protein degradation ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Internal medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Ascites ,Genetics ,Protein biosynthesis ,Medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Cancer cachexia ,Neoplasms, Experimental ,Hypoxia (medical) ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Muscle atrophy ,Mitochondria, Muscle ,Rats ,Muscular Atrophy ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology - Abstract
We hypothesized that pre-exercise may effectively prevent cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in both fast- and slow-twitch muscle types. Additionally, the fast-twitch muscle may be more affected by cancer cachexia than slow-twitch muscle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise on cancer cachexia-induced atrophy and on atrophy in fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise groups, and another 24 rats were randomly divided into control, pre-exercise, cancer cachexia induced by intraperitoneal injections of ascites hepatoma AH130 cells, and pre-exercise plus cancer cachexia groups. We analyzed changes in muscle mass and in gene and protein expression levels of major regulators and indicators of muscle protein degradation and synthesis pathways, angiogenic factors, and mitochondrial function in both the plantaris and soleus muscles. Pre-exercise inhibited muscle mass loss, rescued protein synthesis, prevented capillary regression, and suppressed hypoxia in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Pre-exercise inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction differently in fast- and slow-twitch muscles. These results suggested that pre-exercise has the potential to inhibit cancer-cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in both fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Furthermore, the different progressions of cancer-cachexia-induced muscle atrophy in fast- and slow-twitch muscles are related to differences in mitochondrial function.
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- 2020
31. Coronavirus Pandemic (SARS-COV-2): Pre-Exercise Screening Questionnaire (PESQ) for Telepresential Exercise
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Felipe Barreto Schuch, Leônidas de Oliveira Neto, Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares, and Kenio Costa de Lima
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Opinion ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pre exercise ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Medicine ,Exercise ,Coronavirus ,E-health ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,behavior ,Questionnaire ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Virology ,Telemedicine ,Screening questionnaire ,Public Health ,exercise telehealth ,business ,PESQ - Published
- 2020
32. Effect of quantity and quality of pre-exercise carbohydrate meals on central fatigue
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Sareena Hanim Binti Hamzah, T. K. Khong, Victor S Selvanayagam, and Ashril Yusof
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Adult ,Male ,Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Quality (business) ,Exercise ,Fatigue ,media_common ,Cross-Over Studies ,Prolonged exercise ,business.industry ,Tryptophan ,030229 sport sciences ,Carbohydrate ,Glycemic index ,Glycemic Index ,Physical Endurance ,Physical therapy ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,human activities ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Muscle Contraction - Abstract
Both the quantity and quality of pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meals have been shown to improve endurance performance. However, their role in attenuating central fatigue (CF) is inconclusive. The use of neurophysiological techniques, such as voluntary activation (VA) and the central activation ratio (CAR), alongside maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and sustained MVC (sMVC) can provide information on CF. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of isocaloric pre-exercise meals: 1) a high versus low quantity of CHO and 2) a high quantity of CHO with a high versus low glycemic index (GI) on MVC, VA, and CAR following a 90-min run. The high and low quantity of CHO was 1.5 and 0.8 g/kg body wt, respectively, and high and low GI was ~75 and ~40, respectively. Blood insulin, serotonin, tryptophan, and gaseous exchange were also measured. High CHO preserved sMVC, VA, CAR, and serotonin postrunning with greater CHO oxidation and insulin response, whereas in low CHO, greater reductions in sMVC, VA, and CAR were accompanied by higher serotonin and fat oxidation with lower insulin response. These observations indicate central involvements. Meanwhile, high GI CHO better preserved force (sMVC), CAR, and tryptophan with greater CHO oxidation and insulin response compared with low GI. The findings of this study suggest that pre-exercise meals with varying quantity and quality of CHO can have an effect on CF, where greater CHO oxidation and insulin response found in both high CHO and high GI lead to attenuation of CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper examined the effects of carbohydrate interventions (high and low: quantity and quality wise) on central activity during prolonged exercise using mainly neurophysiological techniques along with gaseous exchange and blood insulin, serotonin, and tryptophan data.
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- 2018
33. A brief pre-exercise nap may alleviate physical performance impairments induced by short-term sustained operations with partial sleep deprivation – A field-based study
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Magnus Gadefors, Christoph Siebenmann, Ola Eiken, Lena Norrbrand, and Michail E. Keramidas
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Sleep inertia ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Physiology (medical) ,Task Performance and Analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychological strain ,Field based ,Fatigue ,business.industry ,030229 sport sciences ,Physical Functional Performance ,Circadian Rhythm ,Term (time) ,Nap ,Sleep deprivation ,Physical performance ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Sleep ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the recuperative efficacy of pre-exercise napping on physical capacity after military sustained operations (SUSOPS) with partial sleep deprivation. Before and after a 2-day SUSOPS, 61 cadets completed a battery of questionnaires, and performed a 2-min lunges trial and a 3,000-m running time-trial. After the completion of SUSOPS, subjects were randomized to either a control [without pre-exercise nap (CON); n = 32] or a nap [with a 30-min pre-exercise nap (NAP); n = 29] group. SUSOPS enhanced perceived sleepiness and degraded mood in both groups. Following SUSOPS, the repetitions of lunges, in the CON group, were reduced by ~ 2.3%, albeit the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). In the NAP group, however, the repetitions of lunges were increased by ~ 7.1% (p = 0.01). SUSOPS impaired the 3,000-m running performance in the CON group (~ 2.3%; p = 0.02), but not in the NAP group (0.3%; p = 0.71). Present results indicate, therefore, that a relatively brief pre-exercise nap may mitigate physical performance impairments ensued by short-term SUSOPS.
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- 2018
34. Comparison between pre-exercise casein peptide and intact casein supplementation on glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet
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Yuki Tamura, Yasuhiro Takeda, Yudai Nonaka, Yutaka Matsunaga, Takashi Shimizu, Noriko Saito, Hideo Hatta, Yasuyuki Sakata, Shin Terada, and Hirohiko Nakamura
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Peptide ,Intra-Abdominal Fat ,Diet, High-Fat ,Weight Gain ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endurance training ,Physiology (medical) ,Casein ,Internal medicine ,Glucose Intolerance ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Adiposity ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Glucose Transporter Type 4 ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Caseins ,General Medicine ,Peptide Fragments ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Fat diet ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein ,Energy Intake ,Biomarkers ,Icr mice ,GLUT4 - Abstract
We hypothesized that along with exercise, casein peptide supplementation would have a higher impact on improving glucose tolerance than intact casein. Male 6-week-old ICR mice were provided a high-fat diet to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. The mice were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control (Con), endurance training (Tr), endurance training with intact casein supplementation (Cas+Tr), and endurance training with casein peptide supplementation (CP+Tr). The mice in each group were orally administrated water, intact casein, or casein peptide (1.0 mg/g body weight, every day), and then subjected to endurance training (15–25 m/min, 60 min, 5 times/week for 4 weeks) on a motor-driven treadmill 30 min after ingestion. Our results revealed that total intra-abdominal fat was significantly lower in CP+Tr than in Con (p < 0.05). Following an oral glucose tolerance test, the blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) was found to be significantly smaller for CP+Tr than for Con (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the soleus muscle, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein levels were significantly higher in CP+Tr than in Con (p < 0.01). However, intra-abdominal fat, blood glucose AUC, and GLUT4 protein content in the soleus muscle did not alter in Tr and Cas+Tr when compared with Con. These observations suggest that pre-exercise casein peptide supplementation has a higher effect on improving glucose tolerance than intact casein does in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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- 2018
35. The effect of pre-exercise ingestion of corinthian currant on endurance performance and blood redox status
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Yiannis Koutedakis, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Maria Selemekou, Athanasios Tsiokanos, Athanasios Poulios, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Ioannis G. Fatouros, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Alexandros Papoutsis, Dimitris Draganidis, Chariklia K. Deli, and Vaios T. Karathanos
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,Oxygen Consumption ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,medicine ,Energy Drinks ,Humans ,Ingestion ,Glucose homeostasis ,Vitis ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Lactic Acid ,Cross-Over Studies ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Prolonged exercise ,business.industry ,Respiration ,030229 sport sciences ,Metabolism ,Middle Aged ,Lipid Metabolism ,Redox status ,Respiratory quotient ,Endocrinology ,Exercise Test ,Physical Endurance ,Female ,Energy Metabolism ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Corinthian currant pre-exercise supplementation on metabolism, performance and blood redox status during, and after prolonged exercise. Eleven healthy participants (21-45y) performed a 90-min constant-intensity (60–70% VO2max) submaximal-trial, plus a time-trial (TT) to exhaustion (95% VO2max) after consuming an isocaloric (1.5g CHO/kg BM) amount of randomly assigned Corinthian currant or glucose-drink, or water (control). Blood was drawn at baseline, pre-exercise, 30min, 60min, 90min of submaximal-trial, post-TT, and 1h post-TT. Post-ingestion blood glucose (GLU) under Corinthian currant was higher compared with water, and similar compared with glucose-drink throughout the study. Respiratory quotient under Corinthian currant was similar with glucose-drink and higher than water throughout the submaximal trial. Accordingly, higher CHO and lower fat oxidation were observed under Corinthian currant compared with water. The TT performance was similar betwee...
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- 2018
36. Pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill setup changes the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses induced by subsequent treadmill running in rats
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Ana Cançado Kunstetter, Washington Pires, Michele Macedo Moraes, Nicolas Henrique Santos Barbosa, Valéria A Pinto, Danusa Dias Soares, and Samuel Penna Wanner
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Core (anatomy) ,Mean arterial pressure ,Physiology ,business.industry ,030229 sport sciences ,Method Article ,Thermoregulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood pressure ,Treadmill running ,Physiology (medical) ,Anesthesia ,Heart rate ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Treadmill ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Different methodological approaches have been used to conduct experiments with rats subjected to treadmill running. Some experimenters have exposed rats to the treadmill setup before initiating exercise to minimize the influences of handling and being placed in an anxiety-inducing environment on the physiological responses to subsequent running. Other experimenters have subjected rats to exercise immediately after placing them on the treadmill. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill on physical performance and cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during subsequent exercise. Male Wistar rats were subjected to fatiguing incremental-speed exercise at 24°C immediately after being placed on the treadmill or after being exposed to the treadmill for 70 min following removal from their home cages. Core body temperature (TCORE), tail-skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded throughout the experiments. Rats exposed to the treadmill started exercise with higher TCORE, lower HR and MAP, and unaltered TSKIN. This exposure did not influence performance, but it markedly affected the exercise-induced increases in the four physiological parameters evaluated; for example, the TSKIN increased earlier and at a higher TCORE. Moreover, previous treadmill exposure notably allowed expected exercise-induced changes in cardiovascular parameters to be observed. Collectively, these data indicate that pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill induces important effects on physiological responses during subsequent treadmill running. The present data are particularly relevant for researchers planning experiments involving physical exercise and the recording of physiological parameters in rats.
- Published
- 2017
37. The Effects Of Pre-Exercise Glycerol Hyperhydration On Subsequent Exercise Performance: A Meta-analysis
- Author
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Nicholas T. Barefoot, Jonathan E. Wingo, Tori M Stone, Hayley V. MacDonald, and Danilo V. Tolusso
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pre exercise ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Meta-analysis ,Exercise performance ,Glycerol ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
38. The Acute Effects Of Pre-exercise Glucose Ingestion On Respiratory Quotient, Carbohydrate, And Lipid Oxidation Rates In Overweight/obese Adults
- Author
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Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Mikel Izquierdo, Miguel Alejandro Atencio-Osorio, Hugo Alejandro Carrillo-Arango, Jenny Reyes Castillo, Carlos Alejandro López Alban, Wilmer Fabian Grajales, Luz Adriana Sánchez, and Diana Isabel Martínez-García
- Subjects
Acute effects ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Overweight obesity ,Glucose ingestion ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Carbohydrate ,Respiratory quotient ,Pre exercise ,Endocrinology ,Lipid oxidation ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
39. Effects of Pre-exercise Patient Education for Promoting Physical Activity among Knee Pain Patients Visiting a Clinic: A Pilot Study
- Author
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Yasuki Higaki, Shota Izawa, Naoki Deguchi, and Yoshiyuki Hirakawa
- Subjects
030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Knee pain ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Patient education - Published
- 2017
40. Effects of Pre-Exercise High and Low Glycaemic Meal on Intermittent Sprint and Endurance Exercise Performance
- Author
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Man Tong Chua, Mohammed Ihsan, Abdul Rashid Aziz, and Govindasamy Balasekaran
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,fasting ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,lcsh:GV557-1198.995 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endurance training ,Heart rate ,medicine ,heart rate ,Ingestion ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,glucose response ,lcsh:Sports ,Meal ,ratings of perceived exertion ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,030229 sport sciences ,Sprint ,carbohydrate ,Low glycaemic index ,Physical therapy ,pre-ingestion ,business ,human activities - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ingesting either a high glycaemic index (HGI) or low glycaemic index (LGI) carbohydrate meal (preceding a 12 h overnight fast and where the meal was ingested 45-min prior to activity) on intermittent sprint and endurance exercise performance. Ten male varsity athletes from intermittent sports (age 23.6 ±, 1.7 years, VO2max 51.9 ±, 4.7 mL·, kg&minus, 1·, min&minus, 1) underwent a peak velocity (Vpeak) test and familiarisation session, followed by two experimental sessions in random order. Experimental sessions involved the ingestion of either an HGI or LGI meal, followed by the completion of the modified Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (mLIST). There was no significant difference between HGI or LGI meals on sprint times (p = 0.62) and distance to exhaustion (p = 0.54) in the mLIST. Exercise heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were also similar between the two meal trials throughout the mLIST (all p >, 0.05). Subjective ratings of hunger, fullness, satiety and satisfaction were also not significantly different between the two meals. In conclusion, consuming either an HGI or LGI meal after a prolonged 12 h fast and ingesting the meal 45 min prior to exercise did not differ in either physiological, subjective and intermittent sprint and endurance performance outcomes.
- Published
- 2019
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41. Low pre‐exercise muscle glycogen availability offsets the effect of post‐exercise cold water immersion in augmenting PGC‐1α gene expression
- Author
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Barry Drust, John Dutton, Matthew Cocks, Chris Mawhinney, Robert Allan, Will Hawkins, Hannah F. Dugdale, Angela Clucas, Warren Gregson, James P. Morton, and Adam P. Sharples
- Subjects
Male ,training adaptation ,Physiology ,B360 ,Mrna expression ,B120 ,Gene Expression ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,lcsh:Physiology ,Signalling Pathways ,RC1200 ,Muscle Metabolism ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene expression ,Original Research ,Cross-Over Studies ,Glycogen ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,Endurance and Performance ,C700 ,Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ,Cold Temperature ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Water immersion ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carbohydrate ,Skeletal Muscle ,cooling ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Post exercise ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Exercise ,business.industry ,C440 ,Skeletal muscle ,C600 ,R1 ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
We assessed the effects of post‐exercise cold‐water immersion (CWI) in modulating PGC‐1α mRNA expression in response to exercise commenced with low muscle glycogen availability. In a randomized repeated‐measures design, nine recreationally active males completed an acute two‐legged high‐intensity cycling protocol (8 × 5 min at 82.5% peak power output) followed by 10 min of two‐legged post‐exercise CWI (8°C) or control conditions (CON). During each trial, one limb commenced exercise with low (LOW
- Published
- 2019
42. Pre-exercise Stress Testing in Type 2 Diabetes: Another Case of Choosing Wisely?
- Author
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Laura Banks and Kim A. Connelly
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Practice patterns ,business.industry ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,Stress testing ,MEDLINE ,Diagnostic test ,Type 2 diabetes ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Exercise Test ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2018
43. Pre-Exercise Strategies: Effect of Yoga Poses on Various Intensities of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Pain and Functional Limitations
- Author
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C.M. Sadacharan
- Subjects
Pre exercise ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Eccentric exercise ,business.industry ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Published
- 2021
44. THE EFFECT OF PRE-EXERCISE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ALKALIZING MIXTURE UPON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND POST-EXERCISE CHANGES IN BLOOD BIOMARKERS
- Author
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Wiesław Tomaszewski, Zbigniew Obmiński, and Maria Ładyga
- Subjects
Pre exercise ,Physical performance ,Oral administration ,Blood biomarkers ,business.industry ,Anesthesia ,Post exercise ,Medicine ,Pharmacology ,business - Published
- 2016
45. Evaluation of a motivational pre-exercise music intervention
- Author
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Rachel Hallett and Alexandra Lamont
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Psychotherapist ,Psychological intervention ,BF ,050109 social psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Pre exercise ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,music ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Exercise ,Music Therapy ,Applied Psychology ,Motivation ,05 social sciences ,Health services research ,health ,Middle Aged ,R1 ,humanities ,Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ,Female ,sports ,Psychology ,human activities - Abstract
While music has been found to motivate exercisers during workouts, its potential as a pre-exercise motivator has rarely been investigated. This study evaluated a self-selected, pre-exercise music intervention against implementation intentions (writing down 'if … then …' sentences relating to overcoming barriers) and a control condition. A total of 50 participants (Mage = 43) took part in a longitudinal, randomised, between-participants study, from 99 recruited. For both interventions, participants had significantly more success meeting self-set exercise goals than the control group, and the music group exercised significantly more frequently than the control group. There was support for music as a comparable intervention to implementation intentions.
- Published
- 2016
46. Running performance in the heat is improved by similar magnitude with pre-exercise cold-water immersion and mid-exercise facial water spray
- Author
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Ben J. Dascombe, Christopher J Stevens, Robin Callister, Aden Kittel, Lee Taylor, and Dean V. Sculley
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hot Temperature ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Athletic Performance ,Running ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Immersion ,Cooling methods ,Immersion (virtual reality) ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Cross-Over Studies ,Water ,030229 sport sciences ,Crossover study ,Physiological responses ,Running time ,Cold Temperature ,Water immersion ,Face ,Physical therapy ,Environmental science ,Perception ,human activities ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Water spray ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
This investigation compared the effects of external pre-cooling and mid-exercise cooling methods on running time trial performance and associated physiological responses. Nine trained male runners completed familiarisation and three randomised 5 km running time trials on a non-motorised treadmill in the heat (33°C). The trials included pre-cooling by cold-water immersion (CWI), mid-exercise cooling by intermittent facial water spray (SPRAY), and a control of no cooling (CON). Temperature, cardiorespiratory, muscular activation, and perceptual responses were measured as well as blood concentrations of lactate and prolactin. Performance time was significantly faster with CWI (24.5 ± 2.8 min; P = 0.01) and SPRAY (24.6 ± 3.3 min; P = 0.01) compared to CON (25.2 ± 3.2 min). Both cooling strategies significantly (P 0.05) reduced forehead temperatures and thermal sensation, and increased muscle activation. Only pre-cooling significantly lowered rectal temperature both pre-exercise (by 0.5 ± 0.3°C; P 0.01) and throughout exercise, and reduced sweat rate (P 0.05). Both cooling strategies improved performance by a similar magnitude, and are ergogenic for athletes. The observed physiological changes suggest some involvement of central and psychophysiological mechanisms of performance improvement.
- Published
- 2016
47. Effect of pre-exercise massage on exercise-induced muscle injury in sled dogs
- Author
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Michael S. Davis and H.W. Huneycutt
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Massage ,biology ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,fungi ,Biophysics ,Muscle damage ,Muscle injury ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Crossover study ,Pre exercise ,Endurance training ,Physiology (medical) ,Anesthesia ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Creatine kinase ,business ,Rhabdomyolysis - Abstract
Previous necropsy studies have shown that up to 60% of sled dogs competing in endurance sled dog races have areas of muscle damage. Human athletes and trainers have maintained a strong belief, based mostly on personal experiences, that massage can be effective for pre-race preparation and expedited recovery between consecutive events. We proposed that massage could lessen the degree of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) release when utilised prior to endurance activities. A randomised crossover study was performed using minimally conditioned sled dogs from a sled dog racing kennel. Each dog in the treatment group received a 14 min massage immediately prior to controlled endurance exercise. The pre-exercise CPK activity was 64±11 IU/l (mean ± standard deviation). The difference between pre-exercise CPK and post-exercise CPK for both groups was expressed as delta CPK. The delta CPK for the massage group was 62±22 IU/l and 74±55 IU/l for the control group. There was no significant change in concentration of CPK between pre- and post-exercise in the treatment and control group (P=0.2282). The lack of a significant difference between the control and massage group suggests that pre-exercise massage may not reduce the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage.
- Published
- 2015
48. Pre-exercise casein peptide supplementation enhances endurance training-induced mitochondrial enzyme activity in slow twitch muscle, but not fast twitch muscle of high fat diet-fed mice
- Author
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Yuki Tamura, Hideo Hatta, Yu Kitaoka, Noriko Saito, Hirohiko Nakamura, Hiroyuki Masuda, Yasuhiro Takeda, Yutaka Matsunaga, Yumiko Takahashi, and Daisuke Hoshino
- Subjects
Mitochondrial enzymes ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fast twitch muscle ,Chemistry ,Physiology ,High fat diet ,Peptide ,fiber type ,Pre exercise ,Endocrinology ,endurance training ,Endurance training ,Internal medicine ,Casein ,Sports medicine ,medicine ,QP1-981 ,casein peptide supplementation ,mitochondrial adaptation ,RC1200-1245 ,Slow twitch muscle - Abstract
To establish an efficient method of enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, we investigated the effect of casein peptide supplementation. The aim of this study was to examine whether oral casein peptide ingestion enhances exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptation in high fat diet-induced obese diabetes mice. Mice received either casein peptide or water (0.2 mg/g body weight, 7 times/week) and were subjected to treadmill running (20–25 m/min × 60 min, 5 times/week for 6 weeks) 30 min later. In plantaris muscle (higher proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers), casein peptide treatment did not impact mitochondrial adaptation. However, in soleus muscle (higher proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers) and heart, casein peptide supplementation with exercise increased mitochondrial enzyme activity (citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity). To clarify the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial adaptation enhancement, we investigated the acute effects of pre-exercise casein peptide ingestion on the phosphorylation status of cellular signaling cascades associated with mitochondrial adaptations. We observed that casein peptide ingestion boosted exercise-induced AMPK phosphorylation in soleus, but not plantaris muscle. Thus, our present investigation suggested that casein peptide ingestion enhanced exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptation in slow twitch muscle, but not fast twitch muscle in high fat diet-induced obese-diabetes mice.
- Published
- 2015
49. Pre-exercise Trehalose Ingestion Enhanced Exercise Performance in Male Collegiate Distance Runners
- Author
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Hiroyuki Suzuki, Koudai Ymawaki, Keishoku Sakuraba, Kotaro Sato, Yoshio Suzuki, Kana Sugiyama, and Tatsuyuki Akaishi
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,030229 sport sciences ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Trehalose ,Crossover study ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pre exercise ,0302 clinical medicine ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Exercise performance ,Mouth rinse ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Ingestion ,business - Abstract
A total of 10 male collegiate distance runners participated in a randomized crossover trial. After completing a warm-up, each participant ingested 300 mL of a test drink and performed 2 sets of pedaling for the duration of 10 minutes (tests 1 and 3) and a 30-second sprint test (tests 2 and 4) with 3-minute interval. During the exercise tests, participants were instructed to make a full power output in 30-second sprint tests and to keep the effort equivalent to their own pace in 10 000 m track race without a final push in the 10-minute pedaling phase. The test drinks allocated to the participants were either trehalose (6% w/v), glucose (6% w/v), or water. During the 4 tests, trehalose presented with the highest mean power outputs compared to that of glucose and water. It was statistically significant against water and glucose especially in the first 10 minutes of pedaling (test 1) and the last 30 seconds of sprint tests (test 4). Therefore, data indicate that trehalose may enhance exercise performance.
- Published
- 2020
50. Effect of Pre‐exercise and PM 2.5 on Lung Pulmonary Function and Inflammation in Aged Rats
- Author
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Jiexiu Zhao, Zhongwei Wang, Minxiao Xu, and Fei Qin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung ,business.industry ,Inflammation ,Biochemistry ,Pulmonary function testing ,Pre exercise ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Cardiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2020
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