115 results on '"Pray, Ian W."'
Search Results
2. Interventions to Disrupt Coronavirus Disease Transmission at a University, Wisconsin, USA, August-October 2020
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Currie, Dustin W., Moreno, Gage K., Delahoy, Miranda J., Pray, Ian W., Jovaag, Amanda, Braun, Katarina M., Cole, Devlin, Shechter, Todd, Fajardo, Geroncio C., Griggs, Carol, Yandell, Brian S., Goldstein, Steve, Bushman, Dena, Segaloff, Hannah E., Kelly, G. Patrick, Pitts, Collin, Lee, Christine, Grande, Katarina M., Kita-Yarbro, Amanda, Grogan, Brittany, Mader, Sara, Baggott, Jake, Bateman, Allen C., Westergaard, Ryan P., Tate, Jacqueline E., Friedrich, Thomas C., Kirking, Hannah L., O'Connor, David H., and Killerby, Marie E.
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Wisconsin -- Health aspects ,Epidemics -- Control -- Statistics -- United States ,Public universities and colleges -- Safety and security measures -- Health aspects ,Disease transmission -- Control ,Health ,University of Wisconsin -- Safety and security measures -- Health aspects - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), can spread rapidly within congregate settings, including institutions of higher education (IHEs) (1,2). During August-December 2020, as IHEs [...]
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- 2021
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3. COVID-19 Outbreak at an Overnight Summer School Retreat — Wisconsin, July–August 2020
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Pray, Ian W., Gibbons-Burgener, Suzanne N., Rosenberg, Avi Z., Cole, Devlin, Borenstein, Shmuel, Bateman, Allen, Pevzner, Eric, and Westergaard, Ryan P.
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- 2020
4. Geographically Targeted Interventions versus Mass Drug Administration to Control Taenia solium Cysticercosis, Peru
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O'Neal, Seth E., Pray, Ian W., Vilchez, Percy, Gamboa, Ricardo, Muro, Claudio, Moyano, Luz Maria, Ayvar, Viterbo, Gavidia, Cesar M., Gilman, Robert H., Gonzalez, Armando E., and Garcia, Hector H.
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Cysticercosis -- Control -- Drug therapy ,Public health ,Taeniasis -- Control -- Drug therapy ,Health - Abstract
Taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode that infects both humans and pigs (Figure 1). Human brain infection, neurocysticercosis, is a major cause of preventable epilepsy across much of Asia, Africa, [...]
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- 2021
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5. Update : COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities — United States, April–May 2020
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COVID-19 Response Team, Waltenburg, Michelle A., Victoroff, Tristan, Rose, Charles E., Butterfield, Marilee, Jervis, Rachel H., Fedak, Kristen M., Gabel, Julie A., Feldpausch, Amanda, Dunne, Eileen M., Austin, Connie, Ahmed, Farah S., Tubach, Sheri, Rhea, Charles, Krueger, Anna, Crum, David A., Vostok, Johanna, Moore, Michael J., Turabelidze, George, Stover, Derry, Donahue, Matthew, Edge, Karen, Gutierrez, Bernadette, Kline, Kelly E., Martz, Nichole, Rajotte, James C., Julian, Ernest, Diedhiou, Abdoulaye, Radcliffe, Rachel, Clayton, Joshua L., Ortbahn, Dustin, Cummins, Jason, Barbeau, Bree, Murphy, Julia, Darby, Brandy, Graff, Nicholas R., Dostal, Tia K. H., Pray, Ian W., Tillman, Courtney, Dittrich, Michelle M., Burns-Grant, Gail, Lee, Sooji, Spieckerman, Alisa, Iqbal, Kashif, Griffing, Sean M., Lawson, Alicia, Mainzer, Hugh M., Bealle, Andreea E., Edding, Erika, Arnold, Kathryn E., Rodriguez, Tomas, Merkle, Sarah, Pettrone, Kristen, Schlanger, Karen, LaBar, Kristin, Hendricks, Kate, Lasry, Arielle, Krishnasamy, Vikram, Walke, Henry T., Rose, Dale A., and Honein, Margaret A.
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- 2020
6. E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury Among Clusters of Patients Reporting Shared Product Use — Wisconsin, 2019
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Pray, Ian W., Atti, Sukhshant K., Tomasallo, Carrie, and Meiman, Jonathan G.
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- 2020
7. E-cigarette Product Use, or Vaping, Among Persons with Associated Lung Injury — Illinois and Wisconsin, April–September 2019
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Ghinai, Isaac, Pray, Ian W., Navon, Livia, O’Laughlin, Kevin, Saathoff-Huber, Lori, Hoots, Brooke, Kimball, Anne, Tenforde, Mark W., Chevinsky, Jennifer R., Layer, Mark, Ezike, Ngozi, Meiman, Jonathan, and Layden, Jennifer E.
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- 2019
8. Characteristics of a Multistate Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarette Use, or Vaping — United States, 2019
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Lung Injury Response Epidemiology/Surveillance Group, Perrine, Cria G., Pickens, Cassandra M., Boehmer, Tegan K., King, Brian A., Jones, Christopher M., DeSisto, Carla L., Duca, Lindsey M., Lekiachvili, Akaki, Kenemer, Brandon, Shamout, Mays, Landen, Michael G., Lynfield, Ruth, Ghinai, Isaac, Heinzerling, Amy, Lewis, Nathaniel, Pray, Ian W., Tanz, Lauren J., Patel, Anita, and Briss, Peter A.
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- 2019
9. Evaluating the Role of Corrals and Insects in the Transmission of Porcine Cysticercosis: A Cohort Study
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Gonzales-Gustavson, Eloy, primary, Pray, Ian W., additional, Gamboa, Ricardo, additional, Muro, Claudio, additional, Vilchez, Percy, additional, Gomez-Puerta, Luis, additional, Vargas-Calla, Ana, additional, Bonnet, Gabrielle, additional, Pizzitutti, Francesco, additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, Gonzalez, Armando E., additional, and O’Neal, Seth E., additional
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- 2023
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10. Public Health Actions to Control Measles Among Afghan Evacuees During Operation Allies Welcome--United States, September-November 2021
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Masters, Nina B., Mathis, Adria D., Leung, Jessica, Raines, Kelley, Clemmons, Nakia S., Miele, Kathryn, Balajee, S. Arunmozhi, Lanzieri, Tatiana M., Marin, Mona, Christensen, Deborah L., Clarke, Kevin R., Cruz, Miguel A., Gallagher, Kathleen, Gearhart, Shannon, Gertz, Alida M., Grady-Erickson, Onalee, Habrun, Caroline A., Kim, Gimin, Kinzer, Michael H., Miko, Shanna, Oberste, M. Steven, Petras, Julia K., Pieracci, Emily G., Pray, Ian W., Rosenblum, Hannah G., Ross, James M., Rothney, Erin E., Segaloff, Hannah E., Shepersky, Leah V., Skrobarcek, Kimberly A., Stadelman, Anna M., Sumner, Kelsey M., Waltenburg, Michelle A., Weinberg, Michelle, Worrell, Mary Claire, Bessette, Noelle E., Peake, Lilian R., Vogt, Marshall P., Robinson, Meredith, Westergaard, Ryan P., Griesser, Richard H., Icenogle, Joseph P., Crooke, Stephen N., Bankamp, Bettina, Stanley, Scott E., Friedrichs, Paul A., Fletcher, Larry D., Zapata, Ivan A., Wolfe, Herbert O., Gandhi, Pritesh H., Charles, Julia Y., Brown, Clive M., Cetron, Martin S., Pesik, Nicki, Knight, Nancy W., Alvarado-Ramy, Francisco, Bell, Michael, Talley, Leisel E., Rotz, Lisa D., Rota, Paul A., Sugerman, David E., and Gastanaduy, Paul A.
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United States. Department of Defense ,United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ,United States. Department of Homeland Security ,United States. Air Force ,United States. Navy ,Measles ,Quarantine ,Public health ,Charter airlines ,Military bases ,Health - Abstract
On August 29, 2021, the United States government oversaw the emergent establishment of Operation Allies Welcome (OAW), led by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and implemented by the [...]
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- 2022
11. Seasonal patterns in risk factors for Taenia solium transmission: a GPS tracking study of pigs and open human defecation in northern Peru
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Pray, Ian W., Muro, Claudio, Gamboa, Ricardo, Vilchez, Percy, Wakeland, Wayne, Pan, William, Lambert, William E., Garcia, Hector H., O’Neal, Seth E., and for the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
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- 2019
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12. School District Prevention Policies and Risk of COVID-19 Among In-Person K–12 Educators, Wisconsin, 2021
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DeJonge, Peter M., primary, Pray, Ian W., additional, Gangnon, Ronald, additional, McCoy, Katherine, additional, Tomasallo, Carrie, additional, and Meiman, Jonathan, additional
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- 2022
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13. Human origin ascertained for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-like spike sequences detected in wastewater: a targeted surveillance study of a cryptic lineage in an urban sewershed
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Shafer, Martin M., primary, Bobholz, Max J., additional, Vuyk, William C., additional, Gregory, Devon, additional, Roguet, Adelaide, additional, Haddock Soto, Luis A., additional, Rushford, Clayton, additional, Janssen, Kayley H., additional, Emmen, Isla, additional, Ries, Hunter J., additional, Pilch, Hannah E., additional, Mullen, Paige A., additional, Fahney, Rebecca B., additional, Wei, Wanting, additional, Lambert, Matthew, additional, Wenzel, Jeff, additional, Halfmann, Peter, additional, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, additional, Wilson, Nancy A., additional, Friedrich, Thomas C., additional, Pray, Ian W., additional, Westergaard, Ryan, additional, O’Connor, David H., additional, and Johnson, Marc C., additional
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- 2022
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14. Measuring Work-related Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence by Occupation and Industry—Wisconsin, September 2020 to May 2021
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Pray, Ian W, primary, Grajewski, Barbara, additional, Morris, Collin, additional, Modji, Komi, additional, DeJonge, Peter, additional, McCoy, Katherine, additional, Tomasallo, Carrie, additional, DeSalvo, Traci, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P, additional, and Meiman, Jonathan, additional
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- 2022
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15. Trends in Outbreak-Associated Cases of COVID-19--Wisconsin, March-November 2020
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Pray, Ian W., Kocharian, Anna, Mason, Jordan, Westergaard, Ryan, and Meiman, Jonathan
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Coronaviruses ,Health - Abstract
During September 3--November 16, 2020, daily confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) increased at a rate of 24% per week, [...]
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- 2021
16. Performance of an Antigen-Based Test for Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Testing at Two University Campuses--Wisconsin, September-October 2020
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Pray, Ian W., Ford, Laura, Cole, Devlin, Lee, Christine, Bigouette, John Paul, Abedi, Glen R., Bushman, Dena, Delahoy, Miranda J., Currie, Dustin, Cherney, Blake, Kirby, Marie, Fajardo, Geroncio, Caudill, Motria, Langolf, Kimberly, Kahrs, Juliana, Kelly, Patrick, Pitts, Collin, Lim, Ailam, Aulik, Nicole, Tamin, Azaibi, Harcourt, Jennifer L., Queen, Krista, Zhang, Jing, Whitaker, Brett, Browne, Hannah, Medrzycki, Magdalena, Shewmaker, Patricia, Folster, Jennifer, Bankamp, Bettina, Bowen, Michael D., Thornburg, Natalie J., Goffard, Kimberly, Limbago, Brandi, Bateman, Allen, Tate, Jacqueline E., Gieryn, Douglas, Kirking, Hannah L., Westergaard, Ryan, and Killerby, Marie
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United States. Food and Drug Administration ,Antigens -- Health aspects ,Nursing homes -- Health aspects ,Coronaviruses -- Health aspects ,Health ,University of Wisconsin-Madison - Abstract
Antigen-based tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are inexpensive and can return results within 15 minutes (1). Antigen tests have received Food and Drug Administration [...]
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- 2021
17. Measuring Work-related Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence by Occupation and Industry—Wisconsin, September 2020 to May 2021.
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Pray, Ian W, Grajewski, Barbara, Morris, Collin, Modji, Komi, DeJonge, Peter, McCoy, Katherine, Tomasallo, Carrie, DeSalvo, Traci, Westergaard, Ryan P, and Meiman, Jonathan
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HEALTH care industry , *COVID-19 , *CHILD care , *PARTICIPATION , *PERSONAL grooming , *OCCUPATIONAL exposure , *INDUSTRIES , *UNLICENSED medical personnel , *RISK assessment , *NURSING care facilities , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *QUALITY of life , *FOOD service , *POLICE , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background Work-related exposures play an important role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, yet few studies have compared SARS-CoV-2 expsoure risk across occupations and industries. Methods During September 2020 to May 2021, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services collected occupation and industry data as part of routine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case investigations. Adults aged 18–64 years with confirmed or probable COVID-19 in Wisconsin were assigned standardized occupation and industry codes. Cumulative incidence rates were weighted for non-response and calculated using full-time equivalent (FTE) workforce denominators from the 2020 American Community Survey. Results An estimated 11.6% of workers (347 013 of 2.98 million) in Wisconsin, ages 18–64 years, had COVID-19 from September 2020 to May 2021. The highest incidence by occupation (per 100 FTE) occurred among personal care and services workers (22.1), healthcare practitioners and support staff (20.7), and protective services workers (20.7). High-risk sub-groups included nursing assistants and personal care aides (28.8), childcare workers (25.8), food and beverage service workers (25.3), personal appearance workers (24.4), and law enforcement workers (24.1). By industry, incidence was highest in healthcare (18.6); the highest risk sub-sectors were nursing care facilities (30.5) and warehousing (28.5). Conclusions This analysis represents one of the most complete examinations to date of COVID-19 incidence by occupation and industry. Our approach demonstrates the value of standardized occupational data collection by public health and may be a model for improved occupational surveillance elsewhere. Workers at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure may benefit from targeted workplace COVID-19 vaccination and mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Measuring Work-Related Risk of COVID-19: Comparison of COVID-19 Incidence by Occupation and Industry – Wisconsin, September 2020-May 2021
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Pray, Ian W., primary, Grajewski, Barbara, additional, Morris, Collin, additional, Modji, Komi, additional, DeJonge, Peter, additional, Tomasallo, Carrie, additional, DeSalvo, Traci, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P., additional, and Meiman, Jonathan, additional
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- 2022
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19. Non-local validated parametrization of an agent-based model of local-scale Taenia solium transmission in North-West Peru
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Pizzitutti, Francesco, Bonnet, Gabrielle, Gonzales-Gustavson, Eloy, Gabriël, Sarah, Pan, William K, Pray, Ian W, Gonzalez, Armando E, Garcia, Hector H, O'Neal, Seth E, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, and Sato, Marcello Otake
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Swine Diseases ,Multidisciplinary ,Cysticercosis ,Swine ,Eggs ,Pig models ,Simulation and modeling ,Agent-based modeling ,Peru ,Taenia solium ,Animals ,Humans ,Pork ,Veterinary Sciences ,Defecation ,Taeniasis - Abstract
The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is the cause of a preventable zoonotic disease, cysticercosis, affecting both pigs and humans. Continued endemic transmission of T. solium is a major contributor of epilepsy and other neurologic morbidity, and the source of important economic losses, in many rural areas of developing countries. Simulation modelling can play an important role in aiding the design and evaluation of strategies to control or even eliminate transmission of the parasite. In this paper, we present a new agent based model of local-scale T. solium transmission and a new, non-local, approach to the model calibration to fit model outputs to observed human taeniasis and pig cysticercosis prevalence simultaneously for several endemic villages. The model fully describes all relevant aspects of T. solium transmission, including the processes of pig and human infection, the spatial distribution of human and pig populations, the production of pork for human consumption, and the movement of humans and pigs in and out in several endemic villages of the northwest of Peru. Despite the high level of uncertainty associated with the empirical measurements of epidemiological data associated with T. solium, the non-local calibrated model parametrization reproduces the observed prevalences with an acceptable precision. It does so not only for the villages used to calibrate the model, but also for villages not included in the calibration process. This important finding demonstrates that the model, including its calibrated parametrization, can be successfully transferred within an endemic region. This will enable future studies to inform the design and optimization of T. solium control interventions in villages where the calibration may be prevented by the limited amount of empirical data, expanding the possible applications to a wider range of settings compared to previous models.
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- 2022
20. Characteristics of a Multistate Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarette Use, or Vaping--United States, 2019
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Perrine, Cria G., Pickens, Cassandra M., Boehmer, Tegan K., King, Brian A., Jones, Christopher M., DeSisto, Carla L., Duca, Lindsey M., Lekiachvili, Akaki, Kenemer, Brandon, Shamout, Mays, Landen, Michael G., Lynfield, Ruth, Ghinai, Isaac, Heinzerling, Amy, Lewis, Nathaniel, Pray, Ian W., Tanz, Lauren J., Patel, Anita, and Briss, Peter A.
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United States. Epidemic Intelligence Service ,United States. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion ,United States. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control ,United States. Food and Drug Administration ,United States. National Center for Environmental Health ,Marijuana -- Usage ,Electronic cigarettes -- Usage ,Lung diseases ,Pens ,Cigarettes ,Web sites (World Wide Web) ,Flavorings ,Health - Abstract
On September 27, 2019, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also called vapes, e-hookas, vape pens, tank systems, mods, [...]
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- 2019
21. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission in Intercollegiate Athletics Not Fully Mitigated With Daily Antigen Testing
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Moreno, Gage K, primary, Braun, Katarina M, additional, Pray, Ian W, additional, Segaloff, Hannah E, additional, Lim, Ailam, additional, Poulsen, Keith, additional, Meiman, Jonathan, additional, Borcher, James, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P, additional, Moll, Michael K, additional, Friedrich, Thomas C, additional, and O’Connor, David H, additional
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- 2021
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22. Description of a University COVID-19 Outbreak and Interventions to Disrupt Transmission, Wisconsin, August – October 2020
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Currie, Dustin W., primary, Moreno, Gage K., additional, Delahoy, Miranda J., additional, Pray, Ian W., additional, Jovaag, Amanda, additional, Braun, Katarina M., additional, Cole, Devlin, additional, Shechter, Todd, additional, Fajardo, Geroncio C., additional, Griggs, Carol, additional, Yandell, Brian S., additional, Goldstein, Steve, additional, Bushman, Dena, additional, Segaloff, Hannah E., additional, Kelly, G. Patrick, additional, Pitts, Collin, additional, Lee, Christine, additional, Grande, Katarina M., additional, Kita-Yarbro, Amanda, additional, Grogan, Brittany, additional, Mader, Sara, additional, Baggott, Jake, additional, Bateman, Allen C., additional, Westergaard, Ryan P., additional, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, Friedrich, Thomas C., additional, Kirking, Hannah L., additional, O’Connor, David H., additional, and Killerby, Marie E., additional
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- 2021
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23. SARS-CoV-2 transmission in intercollegiate athletics not fully mitigated with daily antigen testing
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Moreno, Gage K., primary, Braun, Katarina M., additional, Pray, Ian W., additional, Segaloff, Hannah E., additional, Lim, Ailam, additional, Poulson, Keith, additional, Meiman, Jonathan, additional, Borcher, James, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P., additional, Moll, Michael K., additional, Friedrich, Thomas C., additional, and O’Connor, David H., additional
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- 2021
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24. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States
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Lewis, Nathaniel M, Chu, Victoria T, Ye, Dongni, Conners, Erin E, Gharpure, Radhika, Laws, Rebecca L, Reses, Hannah E, Freeman, Brandi D, Fajans, Mark, Rabold, Elizabeth M, Dawson, Patrick, Buono, Sean, Yin, Sherry, Owusu, Daniel, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, Pomeroy, Mary, Yousaf, Anna, Pevzner, Eric, Njuguna, Henry, Battey, Katherine A, Tran, Cuc H, Fields, Victoria L, Salvatore, Phillip, O'Hegarty, Michelle, Vuong, Jeni, Chancey, Rebecca, Gregory, Christopher, Banks, Michelle, Rispens, Jared R, Dietrich, Elizabeth, Marcenac, Perrine, Matanock, Almea M, Duca, Lindsey, Binder, Allison, Fox, Garrett, Lester, Sandra, Mills, Lisa, Gerber, Susan I, Watson, John, Schumacher, Amy, Pawloski, Lucia, Thornburg, Natalie J, Hall, Aron J, Kiphibane, Tair, Willardson, Sarah, Christensen, Kim, Page, Lindsey, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, Dasu, Trivikram, Christiansen, Ann, Pray, Ian W, Westergaard, Ryan P, Dunn, Angela C, Tate, Jacqueline E, Nabity, Scott A, and Kirking, Hannah L
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AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Major Article ,transmission ,COVID-19 ,contact tracing ,household - Abstract
Background Although many viral respiratory illnesses are transmitted within households, the evidence base for SARS-CoV-2 is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. Methods We recruited laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during March 22–April 25, 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (OR) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test. Results Thirty-two (55%) of 58 households had evidence of secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 23–36%) overall, 42% among children (
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- 2020
25. Additional file 1 of Understanding transmission and control of the pork tapeworm with CystiAgent: a spatially explicit agent-based model
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Pray, Ian W., Wakeland, Wayne, Pan, William, Lambert, William E., Garcia, Hector H., Gonzalez, Armando E., and O’Neal, Seth E.
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Additional file 1: Text S1. Data sources and statistical methods for CystiAgent parameters.
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- 2020
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26. Additional file 3 of Understanding transmission and control of the pork tapeworm with CystiAgent: a spatially explicit agent-based model
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Pray, Ian W., Wakeland, Wayne, Pan, William, Lambert, William E., Garcia, Hector H., Gonzalez, Armando E., and O’Neal, Seth E.
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Additional file 3: Figure S2. Latin hypercube sampling-partial rank correlation coefficient (LHS-PRCC) results of crude and calibrated models across low, medium, and high-density villages. Parameters with significant LHS-PRCC coefficients (P < 0.0015) are shown.
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- 2020
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27. Additional file 2 of Understanding transmission and control of the pork tapeworm with CystiAgent: a spatially explicit agent-based model
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Pray, Ian W., Wakeland, Wayne, Pan, William, Lambert, William E., Garcia, Hector H., Gonzalez, Armando E., and O’Neal, Seth E.
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Additional file 2: Text S2. Supplemental methods and results for Sobol’ variance decomposition. Figure S1. Graphical results of Sobol’ variance decomposition for crude and calibrated model versions on the medium-density village.
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- 2020
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28. Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States
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Burke, Rachel M., primary, Balter, Sharon, additional, Barnes, Emily, additional, Barry, Vaughn, additional, Bartlett, Karri, additional, Beer, Karlyn D., additional, Benowitz, Isaac, additional, Biggs, Holly M., additional, Bruce, Hollianne, additional, Bryant-Genevier, Jonathan, additional, Cates, Jordan, additional, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, additional, Chea, Nora, additional, Chiou, Howard, additional, Christiansen, Demian, additional, Chu, Victoria T., additional, Clark, Shauna, additional, Cody, Sara H., additional, Cohen, Max, additional, Conners, Erin E., additional, Dasari, Vishal, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, DeSalvo, Traci, additional, Donahue, Matthew, additional, Dratch, Alissa, additional, Duca, Lindsey, additional, Duchin, Jeffrey, additional, Dyal, Jonathan W., additional, Feldstein, Leora R., additional, Fenstersheib, Marty, additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Fisher, Rebecca, additional, Foo, Chelsea, additional, Freeman-Ponder, Brandi, additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Gant, Jessica, additional, Gautom, Romesh, additional, Ghinai, Isaac, additional, Gounder, Prabhu, additional, Grigg, Cheri T., additional, Gunzenhauser, Jeffrey, additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Han, George S., additional, Haupt, Thomas, additional, Holshue, Michelle, additional, Hunter, Jennifer, additional, Ibrahim, Mireille B., additional, Jacobs, Max W., additional, Jarashow, M. Claire, additional, Joshi, Kiran, additional, Kamali, Talar, additional, Kawakami, Vance, additional, Kim, Moon, additional, Kirking, Hannah L., additional, Kita-Yarbro, Amanda, additional, Klos, Rachel, additional, Kobayashi, Miwako, additional, Kocharian, Anna, additional, Lang, Misty, additional, Layden, Jennifer, additional, Leidman, Eva, additional, Lindquist, Scott, additional, Lindstrom, Stephen, additional, Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional, Marlow, Mariel, additional, Mattison, Claire P., additional, McClung, Nancy, additional, McPherson, Tristan D., additional, Mello, Lynn, additional, Midgley, Claire M., additional, Novosad, Shannon, additional, Patel, Megan T., additional, Pettrone, Kristen, additional, Pillai, Satish K., additional, Pray, Ian W., additional, Reese, Heather E., additional, Rhodes, Heather, additional, Robinson, Susan, additional, Rolfes, Melissa, additional, Routh, Janell, additional, Rubin, Rachel, additional, Rudman, Sarah L., additional, Russell, Denny, additional, Scott, Sarah, additional, Shetty, Varun, additional, Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E., additional, Soda, Elizabeth A., additional, Spitters, Christopher, additional, Stierman, Bryan, additional, Sunenshine, Rebecca, additional, Terashita, Dawn, additional, Traub, Elizabeth, additional, Vahey, Grace M., additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Wallace, Megan, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Wortham, Jonathan, additional, Xie, Amy, additional, Yousaf, Anna, additional, and Zahn, Matthew, additional
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- 2020
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29. Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States
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Lewis, Nathaniel M, primary, Chu, Victoria T, additional, Ye, Dongni, additional, Conners, Erin E, additional, Gharpure, Radhika, additional, Laws, Rebecca L, additional, Reses, Hannah E, additional, Freeman, Brandi D, additional, Fajans, Mark, additional, Rabold, Elizabeth M, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, Buono, Sean, additional, Yin, Sherry, additional, Owusu, Daniel, additional, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, additional, Pomeroy, Mary, additional, Yousaf, Anna, additional, Pevzner, Eric, additional, Njuguna, Henry, additional, Battey, Katherine A, additional, Tran, Cuc H, additional, Fields, Victoria L, additional, Salvatore, Phillip, additional, O’Hegarty, Michelle, additional, Vuong, Jeni, additional, Chancey, Rebecca, additional, Gregory, Christopher, additional, Banks, Michelle, additional, Rispens, Jared R, additional, Dietrich, Elizabeth, additional, Marcenac, Perrine, additional, Matanock, Almea M, additional, Duca, Lindsey, additional, Binder, Allison, additional, Fox, Garrett, additional, Lester, Sandra, additional, Mills, Lisa, additional, Gerber, Susan I, additional, Watson, John, additional, Schumacher, Amy, additional, Pawloski, Lucia, additional, Thornburg, Natalie J, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Kiphibane, Tair, additional, Willardson, Sarah, additional, Christensen, Kim, additional, Page, Lindsey, additional, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, additional, Dasu, Trivikram, additional, Christiansen, Ann, additional, Pray, Ian W, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P, additional, Dunn, Angela C, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E, additional, Nabity, Scott A, additional, and Kirking, Hannah L, additional
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- 2020
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30. Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019
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Dawson, Patrick, primary, Rabold, Elizabeth M, additional, Laws, Rebecca L, additional, Conners, Erin E, additional, Gharpure, Radhika, additional, Yin, Sherry, additional, Buono, Sean A, additional, Dasu, Trivikram, additional, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P, additional, Pray, Ian W, additional, Ye, Dongni, additional, Nabity, Scott A, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E, additional, and Kirking, Hannah L, additional
- Published
- 2020
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31. Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19
- Author
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Dawson, Patrick, primary, Rabold, Elizabeth M., additional, Laws, Rebecca L., additional, Conners, Erin E., additional, Gharpure, Radhika, additional, Yin, Sherry, additional, Buono, Sean, additional, Dasu, Trivikram, additional, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, additional, Westergaard, Ryan P., additional, Pray, Ian W., additional, Ye, Dongni, additional, Nabity, Scott A., additional, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, and Kirking, Hannah L., additional
- Published
- 2020
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32. Validation of a spatial agent-based model for Taenia solium transmission ("CystiAgent") against a large prospective trial of control strategies in northern Peru.
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Pray, Ian W., Pizzitutti, Francesco, Bonnet, Gabrielle, Gonzalez-Gustavson, Eloy, Wakeland, Wayne, Pan, William K., Lambert, William E., Gonzalez, Armando E., Garcia, Hector H., and O'Neal, Seth E.
- Subjects
- *
TAENIA solium , *CYSTICERCOSIS , *RURAL poor , *RURAL population , *NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS - Abstract
Background: The pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) is a parasitic helminth that imposes a major health and economic burden on poor rural populations around the world. As recognized by the World Health Organization, a key barrier for achieving control of T. solium is the lack of an accurate and validated simulation model with which to study transmission and evaluate available control and elimination strategies. CystiAgent is a spatially-explicit agent based model for T. solium that is unique among T. solium models in its ability to represent key spatial and environmental features of transmission and simulate spatially targeted interventions, such as ring strategy. Methods/Principal findings: We validated CystiAgent against results from the Ring Strategy Trial (RST)–a large cluster-randomized trial conducted in northern Peru that evaluated six unique interventions for T. solium control in 23 villages. For the validation, each intervention strategy was replicated in CystiAgent, and the simulated prevalences of human taeniasis, porcine cysticercosis, and porcine seroincidence were compared against prevalence estimates from the trial. Results showed that CystiAgent produced declines in transmission in response to each of the six intervention strategies, but overestimated the effect of interventions in the majority of villages; simulated prevalences for human taenasis and porcine cysticercosis at the end of the trial were a median of 0.53 and 5.0 percentages points less than prevalence observed at the end of the trial, respectively. Conclusions/Significance: The validation of CystiAgent represented an important step towards developing an accurate and reliable T. solium transmission model that can be deployed to fill critical gaps in our understanding of T. solium transmission and control. To improve model accuracy, future versions would benefit from improved data on pig immunity and resistance, field effectiveness of anti-helminthic treatment, and factors driving spatial clustering of T. solium infections including dispersion and contact with T. solium eggs in the environment. Author summary: Neurocysticercosis, caused by the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs, is a major cause of human epilepsy around the world. A wide spectrum of tools to fight T. solium is are now available and include antiparasitic treatment for pigs and humans, porcine vaccines, and sanitation improvements; however, the ideal combination of interventions applied to populations to maximize effectiveness and feasibility is not known. Transmission models are one tool that can be used to compare and evaluate different intervention strategies, but no currently available T. solium models have been tested for accuracy. In this research, we validated our model ("CystiAgent") by comparing simulations of the model to the results of a large-scale trial testing a variety of T. solium control interventions. The model was calibrated using observed epidemiological data from these villages and evaluated for its ability to reproduce the effect of T. solium control interventions. The validation showed that the model was able to reproduce the baseline levels of disease, but generally overestimated the effect that each intervention would have on transmission. These results will allow us to identify limitations of the current model to improve future versions, and represent a step forward in the creation of a tool to design and evaluate future programs to control and eliminate T. solium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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33. Persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA Shedding Without Evidence of Infectiousness: A Cohort Study of Individuals With COVID-19.
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Owusu, Daniel, Pomeroy, Mary A, Lewis, Nathaniel M, Wadhwa, Ashutosh, Yousaf, Anna R, Whitaker, Brett, Dietrich, Elizabeth, Hall, Aron J, Chu, Victoria, Thornburg, Natalie, Christensen, Kimberly, Kiphibane, Tair, Willardson, Sarah, Westergaard, Ryan, Dasu, Trivikram, Pray, Ian W, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, Dunn, Angela, Tate, Jacqueline E, and Kirking, Hannah L
- Abstract
Background: To better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding and infectivity, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding duration, described participant characteristics associated with the first negative rRT-PCR test (resolution), and determined if replication-competent viruses was recoverable ≥10 days after symptom onset.Methods: We collected serial nasopharyngeal specimens from 109 individuals with rRT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in Utah and Wisconsin. We calculated viral RNA shedding resolution probability using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and evaluated characteristics associated with shedding resolution using Cox proportional hazards regression. We attempted viral culture for 35 rRT-PCR-positive nasopharyngeal specimens collected ≥10 days after symptom onset.Results: The likelihood of viral RNA shedding resolution at 10 days after symptom onset was approximately 3%. Time to shedding resolution was shorter among participants aged <18 years (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.6) and longer among those aged ≥50 years (aHR, 0.50; 95% CI, .3-.9) compared to participants aged 18-49 years. No replication-competent viruses were recovered.Conclusions: Although most patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2 for ≥10 days after symptom onset, our findings suggest that individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 are unlikely to be infectious ≥10 days after symptom onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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34. Epidemiologic Characteristics Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antigen-Based Test Results, Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) Cycle Threshold Values, Subgenomic RNA, and Viral Culture Results From University Testing
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Ford, Laura, Lee, Christine, Pray, Ian W, Cole, Devlin, Bigouette, John Paul, Abedi, Glen R, Bushman, Dena, Delahoy, Miranda J, Currie, Dustin W, Cherney, Blake, Kirby, Marie K, Fajardo, Geroncio C, Caudill, Motria, Langolf, Kimberly, Kahrs, Juliana, Zochert, Tara, Kelly, Patrick, Pitts, Collin, Lim, Ailam, and Aulik, Nicole
- Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,COVID-19 pandemic ,ANTIGENS - Abstract
Background Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and antigen tests are important diagnostics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sensitivity of antigen tests has been shown to be lower than that of rRT-PCR; however, data to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics that affect test performance are limited. Methods Paired mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected from university students and staff and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using both Quidel Sofia SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA) and rRT-PCR assay. Specimens positive by either rRT-PCR or antigen FIA were placed in viral culture and tested for subgenomic RNA (sgRNA). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate characteristics associated with antigen results, rRT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, sgRNA, and viral culture. Results Antigen FIA sensitivity was 78.9% and 43.8% among symptomatic and asymptomatic participants, respectively. Among rRT-PCR positive participants, negative antigen results were more likely among asymptomatic participants (odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–15.4) and less likely among participants reporting nasal congestion (OR 0.1, 95% CI:.03–.8). rRT-PCR-positive specimens with higher Ct values (OR 0.5, 95% CI:.4–.8) were less likely, and specimens positive for sgRNA (OR 10.2, 95% CI: 1.6–65.0) more likely, to yield positive virus isolation. Antigen testing was >90% positive in specimens with Ct values < 29. Positive predictive value of antigen test for positive viral culture (57.7%) was similar to that of rRT-PCR (59.3%). Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 antigen test advantages include low cost, wide availability and rapid turnaround time, making them important screening tests. The performance of antigen tests may vary with patient characteristics, so performance characteristics should be accounted for when designing testing strategies and interpreting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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35. Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019.
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Dawson, Patrick, Rabold, Elizabeth M, Laws, Rebecca L, Conners, Erin E, Gharpure, Radhika, Yin, Sherry, Buono, Sean A, Dasu, Trivikram, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, Westergaard, Ryan P, Pray, Ian W, Ye, Dongni, Nabity, Scott A, Tate, Jacqueline E, and Kirking, Hannah L
- Subjects
AGEUSIA ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COVID-19 testing ,SMELL disorders ,PREDICTIVE tests ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,COVID-19 - Abstract
In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom (26/42 [62%]) among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case patients and had the highest positive predictive value (83% [95% confidence interval [CI], 55%–95%) among household contacts. Olfactory and taste dysfunctions should be considered for COVID-19 case identification and testing prioritization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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36. Understanding transmission and control of the pork tapeworm with CystiAgent: a spatially explicit agent-based model.
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Pray, Ian W., Wakeland, Wayne, Pan, William, Lambert, William E., Garcia, Hector H., Gonzalez, Armando E., and O'Neal, Seth E.
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- *
CYSTICERCOSIS , *TAENIA solium , *RURAL health , *DISEASE complications , *SPATIAL ability , *HUMAN behavior models - Abstract
Background: The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is a serious public health problem in rural low-resource areas of Latin America, Africa and Asia, where the associated conditions of nuerocysticercosis (NCC) and porcine cysticercosis cause substantial health and economic harms. An accurate and validated transmission model for T. solium would serve as an important new tool for control and elimination, as it would allow for comparison of available intervention strategies, and prioritization of the most effective strategies for control and elimination efforts. Methods: We developed a spatially-explicit agent-based model (ABM) for T. solium ("CystiAgent") that differs from prior T. solium models by including a spatial framework and behavioral parameters such as pig roaming, open human defecation, and human travel. In this article, we introduce the structure and function of the model, describe the data sources used to parameterize the model, and apply sensitivity analyses (Latin hypercube sampling-partial rank correlation coefficient (LHS-PRCC)) to evaluate model parameters. Results: LHS-PRCC analysis of CystiAgent found that the parameters with the greatest impact on model uncertainty were the roaming range of pigs, the infectious duration of human taeniasis, use of latrines, and the set of "tuning" parameters defining the probabilities of infection in humans and pigs given exposure to T. solium. Conclusions: CystiAgent is a novel ABM that has the ability to model spatial and behavioral features of T. solium transmission not available in other models. There is a small set of impactful model parameters that contribute uncertainty to the model and may impact the accuracy of model projections. Field and laboratory studies to better understand these key components of transmission may help reduce uncertainty, while current applications of CystiAgent may consider calibration of these parameters to improve model performance. These results will ultimately allow for improved interpretation of model validation results, and usage of the model to compare available control and elimination strategies for T. solium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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37. Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs
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Pray, Ian W., primary, Ayvar, Viterbo, additional, Gamboa, Ricardo, additional, Muro, Claudio, additional, Moyano, Luz M., additional, Benavides, Victor, additional, Flecker, Robert H., additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, and O’Neal, Seth E., additional
- Published
- 2017
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38. Assessing Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool for Porcine Cysticercosis
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Flecker, Robert H., primary, Pray, Ian W., additional, Santivaňez, Saul J., additional, Ayvar, Viterbo, additional, Gamboa, Ricardo, additional, Muro, Claudio, additional, Moyano, Luz Maria, additional, Benavides, Victor, additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, and O’Neal, Seth E., additional
- Published
- 2017
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39. Clustering of Necropsy-Confirmed Porcine Cysticercosis Surrounding Taenia solium Tapeworm Carriers in Peru.
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Lescano, Andres G., Pray, Ian W., Gonzalez, Armando E., Gilman, Robert H., Tsang, Victor C. W., Gamboa, Ricardo, Guezala, M. Claudia, Aybar, Viterbo, Rodriguez, Silvia, Moulton, Lawrence H., Leontsini, Elli, Gonzalvez, Guillermo, O'Neal, Seth E., and Garcia, Hector H.
- Published
- 2019
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40. GPS Tracking of Free-Ranging Pigs to Evaluate Ring Strategies for the Control of Cysticercosis/Taeniasis in Peru.
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Pray, Ian W., Swanson, Dallas J., Ayvar, Viterbo, Muro, Claudio, Moyano, Luz M., Gonzalez, Armando E., Garcia, Hector H., O’Neal, Seth E., and null, null
- Subjects
- *
TAENIA solium , *CYSTICERCOSIS , *TAENIASIS , *FECAL analysis , *GLOBAL Positioning System , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Taenia solium, a parasitic cestode that affects humans and pigs, is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. T. solium eggs are released into the environment through the stool of humans infected with an adult intestinal tapeworm (a condition called taeniasis), and cause cysticercosis when ingested by pigs or other humans. A control strategy to intervene within high-risk foci in endemic communities has been proposed as an alternative to mass antihelminthic treatment. In this ring strategy, antihelminthic treatment is targeted to humans and pigs residing within a 100 meter radius of a pig heavily-infected with cysticercosis. Our aim was to describe the roaming ranges of pigs in this region, and to evaluate whether the 100 meter radius rings encompass areas where risk factors for T. solium transmission, such as open human defecation and dense pig activity, are concentrated. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we used Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to track pig roaming ranges in two rural villages of northern Peru. We selected 41 pigs from two villages to participate in a 48-hour tracking period. Additionally, we surveyed all households to record the locations of open human defecation areas. We found that pigs spent a median of 82.8% (IQR: 73.5, 94.4) of their time roaming within 100 meters of their homes. The size of home ranges varied significantly by pig age, and 93% of the total time spent interacting with open human defecation areas occurred within 100 meters of pig residences. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate that 100 meter radius rings around heavily-infected pigs adequately capture the average pig’s roaming area (i.e., home range) and represent an area where the great majority of exposure to human feces occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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41. Public Health Actions to Control Measles Among Afghan Evacuees During Operation Allies Welcome - United States, September-November 2021.
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Masters NB, Mathis AD, Leung J, Raines K, Clemmons NS, Miele K, Balajee SA, Lanzieri TM, Marin M, Christensen DL, Clarke KR, Cruz MA, Gallagher K, Gearhart S, Gertz AM, Grady-Erickson O, Habrun CA, Kim G, Kinzer MH, Miko S, Oberste MS, Petras JK, Pieracci EG, Pray IW, Rosenblum HG, Ross JM, Rothney EE, Segaloff HE, Shepersky LV, Skrobarcek KA, Stadelman AM, Sumner KM, Waltenburg MA, Weinberg M, Worrell MC, Bessette NE, Peake LR, Vogt MP, Robinson M, Westergaard RP, Griesser RH, Icenogle JP, Crooke SN, Bankamp B, Stanley SE, Friedrichs PA, Fletcher LD, Zapata IA, Wolfe HO, Gandhi PH, Charles JY, Brown CM, Cetron MS, Pesik N, Knight NW, Alvarado-Ramy F, Bell M, Talley LE, Rotz LD, Rota PA, Sugerman DE, and Gastañaduy PA
- Subjects
- Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Humans, Public Health, United States epidemiology, Vaccination, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Measles epidemiology, Measles prevention & control
- Abstract
On August 29, 2021, the United States government oversaw the emergent establishment of Operation Allies Welcome (OAW), led by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and implemented by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and U.S. Department of State (DoS), to safely resettle U.S. citizens and Afghan nationals from Afghanistan to the United States. Evacuees were temporarily housed at several overseas locations in Europe and Asia* before being transported via military and charter flights through two U.S. international airports, and onward to eight U.S. military bases,
† with hotel A used for isolation and quarantine of persons with or exposed to certain infectious diseases.§ On August 30, CDC issued an Epi-X notice encouraging public health officials to maintain vigilance for measles among Afghan evacuees because of an ongoing measles outbreak in Afghanistan (25,988 clinical cases reported nationwide during January-November 2021) (1) and low routine measles vaccination coverage (66% and 43% for the first and second doses, respectively, in 2020) (2)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.- Published
- 2022
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42. Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the United States.
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Lewis NM, Chu VT, Ye D, Conners EE, Gharpure R, Laws RL, Reses HE, Freeman BD, Fajans M, Rabold EM, Dawson P, Buono S, Yin S, Owusu D, Wadhwa A, Pomeroy M, Yousaf A, Pevzner E, Njuguna H, Battey KA, Tran CH, Fields VL, Salvatore P, O'Hegarty M, Vuong J, Chancey R, Gregory C, Banks M, Rispens JR, Dietrich E, Marcenac P, Matanock AM, Duca L, Binder A, Fox G, Lester S, Mills L, Gerber SI, Watson J, Schumacher A, Pawloski L, Thornburg NJ, Hall AJ, Kiphibane T, Willardson S, Christensen K, Page L, Bhattacharyya S, Dasu T, Christiansen A, Pray IW, Westergaard RP, Dunn AC, Tate JE, Nabity SA, and Kirking HL
- Subjects
- Child, Contact Tracing, Family Characteristics, Humans, United States epidemiology, Wisconsin, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Background: The evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission., Methods: We recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household contacts in Utah and Wisconsin during 22 March 2020-25 April 2020. We interviewed patients and all household contacts to obtain demographics and medical histories. At the initial household visit, 14 days later, and when a household contact became newly symptomatic, we collected respiratory swabs from patients and household contacts for testing by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We estimated SIR and odds ratios (ORs) to assess risk factors for secondary infection, defined by a positive rRT-PCR or ELISA test., Results: Thirty-two (55%) of 58 households secondary infection among household contacts. The SIR was 29% (n = 55/188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-36%) overall, 42% among children (aged <18 years) of the COVID-19 patient and 33% among spouses/partners. Household contacts to COVID-19 patients with immunocompromised conditions and household contacts who themselves had diabetes mellitus had increased odds of infection with ORs 15.9 (95% CI, 2.4-106.9) and 7.1 (95% CI: 1.2-42.5), respectively., Conclusions: We found substantial evidence of secondary infections among household contacts. People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission., (Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020.)
- Published
- 2021
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43. SARS-CoV-2 transmission in intercollegiate athletics not fully mitigated with daily antigen testing.
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Moreno GK, Braun KM, Pray IW, Segaloff HE, Lim A, Poulson K, Meiman J, Borcher J, Westergaard RP, Moll MK, Friedrich TC, and O'Connor DH
- Abstract
Background: High frequency, rapid turnaround SARS-CoV-2 testing continues to be proposed as a way of efficiently identifying and mitigating transmission in congregate settings. However, two SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occurred among intercollegiate university athletic programs during the fall 2020 semester despite mandatory directly observed daily antigen testing., Methods: During the fall 2020 semester, athletes and staff in both programs were tested daily using Quidel's Sofia SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA), with positive antigen results requiring confirmatory testing with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We used genomic sequencing to investigate transmission dynamics in these two outbreaks., Results: In Outbreak 1, 32 confirmed cases occurred within a university athletics program after the index patient attended a meeting while infectious despite a negative antigen test on the day of the meeting. Among isolates sequenced from Outbreak 1, 24 (92%) of 26 were closely related, suggesting sustained transmission following an initial introduction event. In Outbreak 2, 12 confirmed cases occurred among athletes from two university programs that faced each other in an athletic competition despite receiving negative antigen test results on the day of the competition. Sequences from both teams were closely related and unique from strains circulating in the community, suggesting transmission during intercollegiate competition., Conclusions: These findings suggest that antigen testing alone, even when mandated and directly observed, may not be sufficient as an intervention to prevent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in congregate settings, and highlights the importance of supplementing serial antigen testing with appropriate mitigation strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in congregate settings., Summary: High frequency, rapid turnaround SARS-CoV-2 testing continues to be proposed as a way of efficiently identifying and mitigating transmission in congregate settings. However, here we describe two SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occurred among intercollegiate university athletic programs during the fall 2020 semester.
- Published
- 2021
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44. Trends in Outbreak-Associated Cases of COVID-19 - Wisconsin, March-November 2020.
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Pray IW, Kocharian A, Mason J, Westergaard R, and Meiman J
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- Health Facilities statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Laboratories, Long-Term Care, Prisons statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Universities statistics & numerical data, Wisconsin epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Public Health Surveillance
- Abstract
During September 3-November 16, 2020, daily confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported to the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) increased at a rate of 24% per week, from a 7-day average of 674 (August 28-September 3) to 6,426 (November 10-16) (1). The growth rate during this interval was the highest to date in Wisconsin and among the highest in the United States during that time (1). To characterize potential sources of this increase, the investigation examined reported outbreaks in Wisconsin that occurred during March 4-November 16, 2020, with respect to their setting and number of associated COVID-19 cases., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2021
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45. Coronavirus Disease among Workers in Food Processing, Food Manufacturing, and Agriculture Workplaces.
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Waltenburg MA, Rose CE, Victoroff T, Butterfield M, Dillaha JA, Heinzerling A, Chuey M, Fierro M, Jervis RH, Fedak KM, Leapley A, Gabel JA, Feldpausch A, Dunne EM, Austin C, Pedati CS, Ahmed FS, Tubach S, Rhea C, Tonzel J, Krueger A, Crum DA, Vostok J, Moore MJ, Kempher H, Scheftel J, Turabelidze G, Stover D, Donahue M, Thomas D, Edge K, Gutierrez B, Berl E, McLafferty M, Kline KE, Martz N, Rajotte JC, Julian E, Diedhiou A, Radcliffe R, Clayton JL, Ortbahn D, Cummins J, Barbeau B, Carpenter S, Pringle JC, Murphy J, Darby B, Graff NR, Dostal TKH, Pray IW, Tillman C, Rose DA, and Honein MA
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Agriculture, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 transmission, Food Industry, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
We describe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US food manufacturing and agriculture workers and provide updated information on meat and poultry processing workers. Among 742 food and agriculture workplaces in 30 states, 8,978 workers had confirmed COVID-19; 55 workers died. Racial and ethnic minority workers could be disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
- Published
- 2021
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46. Performance of an Antigen-Based Test for Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Testing at Two University Campuses - Wisconsin, September-October 2020.
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Pray IW, Ford L, Cole D, Lee C, Bigouette JP, Abedi GR, Bushman D, Delahoy MJ, Currie D, Cherney B, Kirby M, Fajardo G, Caudill M, Langolf K, Kahrs J, Kelly P, Pitts C, Lim A, Aulik N, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Queen K, Zhang J, Whitaker B, Browne H, Medrzycki M, Shewmaker P, Folster J, Bankamp B, Bowen MD, Thornburg NJ, Goffard K, Limbago B, Bateman A, Tate JE, Gieryn D, Kirking HL, Westergaard R, and Killerby M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Asymptomatic Diseases, COVID-19 epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Universities, Wisconsin epidemiology, Young Adult, Antigens, Viral analysis, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 Testing methods, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Student Health Services
- Abstract
Antigen-based tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are inexpensive and can return results within 15 minutes (1). Antigen tests have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use in asymptomatic and symptomatic persons within the first 5-12 days after symptom onset (2). These tests have been used at U.S. colleges and universities and other congregate settings (e.g., nursing homes and correctional and detention facilities), where serial testing of asymptomatic persons might facilitate early case identification (3-5). However, test performance data from symptomatic and asymptomatic persons are limited. This investigation evaluated performance of the Sofia SARS Antigen Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA) (Quidel Corporation) compared with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection among asymptomatic and symptomatic persons at two universities in Wisconsin. During September 28-October 9, a total of 1,098 paired nasal swabs were tested using the Sofia SARS Antigen FIA and real-time RT-PCR. Virus culture was attempted on all antigen-positive or real-time RT-PCR-positive specimens. Among 871 (79%) paired swabs from asymptomatic participants, the antigen test sensitivity was 41.2%, specificity was 98.4%, and in this population the estimated positive predictive value (PPV) was 33.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.8%. Antigen test performance was improved among 227 (21%) paired swabs from participants who reported one or more symptoms at specimen collection (sensitivity = 80.0%; specificity = 98.9%; PPV = 94.1%; NPV = 95.9%). Virus was isolated from 34 (46.6%) of 73 antigen-positive or real-time RT-PCR-positive nasal swab specimens, including two of 18 that were antigen-negative and real-time RT-PCR-positive (false-negatives). The advantages of antigen tests such as low cost and rapid turnaround might allow for rapid identification of infectious persons. However, these advantages need to be balanced against lower sensitivity and lower PPV, especially among asymptomatic persons. Confirmatory testing with an FDA-authorized nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), such as RT-PCR, should be considered after negative antigen test results in symptomatic persons, and after positive antigen test results in asymptomatic persons (1)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2021
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47. COVID-19 Outbreak at an Overnight Summer School Retreat - Wisconsin, July-August 2020.
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Pray IW, Gibbons-Burgener SN, Rosenberg AZ, Cole D, Borenstein S, Bateman A, Pevzner E, and Westergaard RP
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- Adolescent, Adult, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Clinical Laboratory Techniques statistics & numerical data, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral transmission, Time Factors, Wisconsin epidemiology, Young Adult, Camping, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Schools
- Abstract
During July 2-August 11, 2020, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred at a boys' overnight summer school retreat in Wisconsin. The retreat included 152 high school-aged boys, counselors, and staff members from 21 states and territories and two foreign countries. All attendees were required to provide documentation of either a positive serologic test result* within the past 3 months or a negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests result for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) ≤7 days before travel, to self-quarantine within their households for 7 days before travel, and to wear masks during travel. On July 15, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) began an investigation after being notified that two students at the retreat had received positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results. WDHS offered RT-PCR testing to attendees on July 28 and serologic testing on August 5 and 6. Seventy-eight (51%) attendees received positive RT-PCR results (confirmed cases), and 38 (25%) met clinical criteria for COVID-19 without a positive RT-PCR result (probable cases). By the end of the retreat, 118 (78%) persons had received a positive serologic test result. Among 24 attendees with a documented positive serologic test result before the retreat, all received negative RT-PCR results. After RT-PCR testing on July 28, WDHS recommended that remaining susceptible persons (asymptomatic and with negative RT-PCR test results) quarantine from other students and staff members at the retreat. Recommended end dates for isolation or quarantine were based on established guidance (1,2) and determined in coordination with CDC. All attendees were cleared for interstate and commercial air travel to return home on August 11. This outbreak investigation documented rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, likely from a single student, among adolescents and young adults in a congregate setting. Mitigation plans that include prearrival quarantine and testing, cohorting, symptom monitoring, early identification and isolation of cases, mask use, enhanced hygiene and disinfection practices, and maximal outdoor programming are necessary to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in these settings (3,4)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - United States, April-May 2020.
- Author
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Waltenburg MA, Victoroff T, Rose CE, Butterfield M, Jervis RH, Fedak KM, Gabel JA, Feldpausch A, Dunne EM, Austin C, Ahmed FS, Tubach S, Rhea C, Krueger A, Crum DA, Vostok J, Moore MJ, Turabelidze G, Stover D, Donahue M, Edge K, Gutierrez B, Kline KE, Martz N, Rajotte JC, Julian E, Diedhiou A, Radcliffe R, Clayton JL, Ortbahn D, Cummins J, Barbeau B, Murphy J, Darby B, Graff NR, Dostal TKH, Pray IW, Tillman C, Dittrich MM, Burns-Grant G, Lee S, Spieckerman A, Iqbal K, Griffing SM, Lawson A, Mainzer HM, Bealle AE, Edding E, Arnold KE, Rodriguez T, Merkle S, Pettrone K, Schlanger K, LaBar K, Hendricks K, Lasry A, Krishnasamy V, Walke HT, Rose DA, and Honein MA
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, COVID-19, Female, Humans, Male, Meat, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Poultry, United States epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Food-Processing Industry, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology
- Abstract
Meat and poultry processing facilities face distinctive challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). COVID-19 outbreaks among meat and poultry processing facility workers can rapidly affect large numbers of persons. Assessment of COVID-19 cases among workers in 115 meat and poultry processing facilities through April 27, 2020, documented 4,913 cases and 20 deaths reported by 19 states (1). This report provides updated aggregate data from states regarding the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19, the number and demographic characteristics of affected workers, and the number of COVID-19-associated deaths among workers, as well as descriptions of interventions and prevention efforts at these facilities. Aggregate data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths among workers identified and reported through May 31, 2020, were obtained from 239 affected facilities (those with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case in one or more workers) in 23 states.* COVID-19 was confirmed in 16,233 workers, including 86 COVID-19-related deaths. Among 14 states reporting the total number of workers in affected meat and poultry processing facilities (112,616), COVID-19 was diagnosed in 9.1% of workers. Among 9,919 (61%) cases in 21 states with reported race/ethnicity, 87% occurred among racial and ethnic minority workers. Commonly reported interventions and prevention efforts at facilities included implementing worker temperature or symptom screening and COVID-19 education, mandating face coverings, adding hand hygiene stations, and adding physical barriers between workers. Targeted workplace interventions and prevention efforts that are appropriately tailored to the groups most affected by COVID-19 are critical to reducing both COVID-19-associated occupational risk and health disparities among vulnerable populations. Implementation of these interventions and prevention efforts
† across meat and poultry processing facilities nationally could help protect workers in this critical infrastructure industry., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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49. E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury Among Clusters of Patients Reporting Shared Product Use - Wisconsin, 2019.
- Author
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Pray IW, Atti SK, Tomasallo C, and Meiman JG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cluster Analysis, Dronabinol toxicity, Female, Humans, Male, Vaping psychology, Vitamin E toxicity, Wisconsin epidemiology, Young Adult, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems statistics & numerical data, Lung Injury epidemiology, Vaping adverse effects
- Abstract
On July 10, 2019, Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) was notified of five previously healthy adolescents with severe lung injuries who reported use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products before symptom onset. As of December 31, 2019, 105 confirmed or probable cases of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI)* had been reported to WDHS . Three social clusters (A, B, and C), comprising eight EVALI patients (cluster A = two patients, cluster B = three, and cluster C = three) were identified. WDHS investigated these clusters with standard and follow-up interviews; laboratory analysis of e-cigarette, or vaping, products; and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. All eight patients reported daily use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, product cartridges (THC cartridges) in the month preceding symptom onset. All THC cartridges were purchased from local illicit dealers, and all patients reported using THC cartridges labeled as "Dank Vapes," among other illicit brand names. At least two members of each cluster reported frequent sharing of THC cartridges before symptom onset. All eight patients also reported daily use of nicotine-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products. Vitamin E acetate (VEA) was detected in all five THC cartridges tested from two patients, and in BAL fluid from two other patients. These findings suggest that THC cartridges containing VEA and sold on the illicit market were likely responsible for these small clusters of EVALI. Based on information presented in this and previous reports (1,2) CDC recommends not using THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products, especially those obtained from informal sources such as friends, family, or in-person or online dealers (1). VEA is strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak and should not be added to e-cigarette, or vaping, products (1)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Characteristics of a Multistate Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarette Use, or Vaping - United States, 2019.
- Author
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Perrine CG, Pickens CM, Boehmer TK, King BA, Jones CM, DeSisto CL, Duca LM, Lekiachvili A, Kenemer B, Shamout M, Landen MG, Lynfield R, Ghinai I, Heinzerling A, Lewis N, Pray IW, Tanz LJ, Patel A, and Briss PA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Dronabinol adverse effects, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Disease Outbreaks, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Lung Injury epidemiology, Vaping adverse effects
- Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also called vapes, e-hookas, vape pens, tank systems, mods, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), are electronic devices that produce an aerosol by heating a liquid typically containing nicotine, flavorings, and other additives; users inhale this aerosol into their lungs (1). E-cigarettes also can be used to deliver tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of cannabis (1). Use of e-cigarettes is commonly called vaping. Lung injury associated with e-cigarette use, or vaping, has recently been reported in most states (2-4). CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and others are investigating this outbreak. This report provides data on patterns of the outbreak and characteristics of patients, including sex, age, and selected substances used in e-cigarette, or vaping, products reported to CDC as part of this ongoing multistate investigation. As of September 24, 2019, 46 state health departments and one territorial health department had reported 805 patients with cases of lung injury associated with use of e-cigarette, or vaping, products to CDC. Sixty-nine percent of patients were males, and the median age was 23 years (range = 13-72 years). To date, 12 deaths have been confirmed in 10 states. Among 514 patients with information on substances used in e-cigarettes, or vaping products, in the 30 days preceding symptom onset, 76.9% reported using THC-containing products, and 56.8% reported using nicotine-containing products; 36.0% reported exclusive use of THC-containing products, and 16.0% reported exclusive use of nicotine-containing products. The specific chemical exposure(s) causing the outbreak is currently unknown. While this investigation is ongoing, CDC recommends that persons consider refraining from using e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly those containing THC. CDC will continue to work in collaboration with FDA and state and local partners to investigate cases and advise and alert the public on the investigation as additional information becomes available., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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