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Background We examined differences in incident HIV infection between newly-arrived Asian-born and other men who have sex with men (MSM) after the introduction of universal HIV treatment guidelines in 2015 and pre-exposure prophylaxis in 2016. Methods Clinical, demographic, laboratory and behavioural data on MSM presenting for HIV testing at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre from July 2013 to June 2017 were extracted. We compared the proportion of newly-arrived (four years or less in Australia), Asian-born and other MSM tested each year who were diagnosed with incident HIV infection (negative test within one year or diagnosis with indeterminate or negative Western Blot). Results We analysed 35,743 testing episodes in 12,180 MSM, including 2781 testing episodes in 1047 newly-arrived Asian-born MSM. The proportion of other MSM tested each year who were diagnosed with incident HIV infection fell from 0.83% in 2014 to 0.38% in 2017 (p = .001), but did not fall in newly-arrived Asian-born MSM (from 1.18% in 2014 to 1.56% in 2017, p = .76). In the multivariate logistic regression, in 2016/2017 but not in 2014/2015, being newly-arrived Asian-born was associated with an increased odds of diagnosis of incident HIV infection (aOR 3.29, 95%CI 1.82–5.94, p

Table S1. Proportion of individuals tested in each year and diagnosed with incident HIV infection: newly-arrived Asian-born MSM, Asian-born not newly-arrived MSM, newly-arrived not Asian-born MSM and not newly-arrived not Asian-born MSM, compared to the rest of the MSM population not including that subpopulation (DOCX 14 kb)

Figure S1. Proportion of individuals tested in each year diagnosed with acute or early HIV infection: newly-arrived Asian-born MSM, Asian-born not newly-arrived MSM, newly-arrived not Asian-born MSM and not newly-arrived not Asian-born MSM. (PDF 13 kb)