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The root lesion nematode has caused increasing economic damage to crops on farms in Brazil, especially in the Midwest region. The objective of this work was to know the distribution of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus spp., in the State of Mato Grosso, making it possible to know the locations with the highest concentration of this nematode over time. Through data obtained from reports issued in the period from 2006 to 2015, analyzes of abundance, frequency of occurrence, autocorrelation were carried out and maps of the population density of Pratylenchus spp. in the State. Annual data on average temperature, annual rainfall, productivity and planted area in the state in the period were also analyzed. The Pratylenchus genus is present in 85% of the samples, presenting an abundance of 76% of incidence compared to other phytopathogenic genera. The municipalities of Sapezal (12%), Sorriso (9%), Diamantino (8%), Campo Novo do Parecis (8%), Primavera do Leste (6%), Sinop (5%), Nova Mutum (4%) and Querência (4%) were the ones with the highest abundance of Pratylenchus spp., indicating a high level of infestation of the pathogen in the central region of the State of Mato Grosso, with the year 2011 having the highest infestation. It was observed that there was an increase in the planted area, but the productivity remained close to the average of 3.405 Kg ha-1, years with rainfall above 1100 mm showed a population increase of the nematode, the average temperature of 25°C proved to be ideal for its development, demonstrating that Pratylenchus spp. has a favorable environment in the State of Mato Grosso for its population increase, due to the climatic conditions being propitious, having the producer to use management tactics for its control to minimize losses in its crops. El nematodo lesionador de la raíz ha causado un daño económico cada vez mayor a los cultivos en las fincas de Brasil, especialmente en la región del Medio Oeste. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la distribución del nematodo lesionador de raíces, Pratylenchus spp., en el Estado de Mato Grosso, posibilitando conocer las localidades con mayor concentración de este nematodo a lo largo del tiempo. A través de datos obtenidos de informes emitidos en el período de 2006 a 2015, se realizaron análisis de abundancia, frecuencia de ocurrencia, autocorrelación y mapas de densidad poblacional de Pratylenchus spp. en el estado. También se analizaron datos anuales de temperatura promedio, precipitación anual, productividad y superficie sembrada en el estado en el período. El género Pratylenchus está presente en el 85% de las muestras, presentando una abundancia del 76% de incidencia en comparación con otros géneros fitopatógenos. Los municipios de Sapezal (12%), Sorriso (9%), Diamantino (8%), Campo Novo do Parecis (8%), Primavera do Leste (6%), Sinop (5%), Nova Mutum (4%) y Querência (4%) fueron los de mayor abundancia de Pratylenchus spp., indicando un alto nivel de infestación del patógeno en la región central del Estado de Mato Grosso, siendo el año 2011 el de mayor infestación. Se observó que hubo un incremento en el área sembrada, pero la productividad se mantuvo cercana al promedio de 3.405 Kg ha-1, los años con precipitaciones superiores a 1100 mm mostraron un incremento poblacional del nematodo, la temperatura promedio de 25°C demostró ser ideal para su desarrollo, demostrando que Pratylenchus spp. tiene un ambiente favorable en el Estado de Mato Grosso para el aumento de su población, debido a que las condiciones climáticas son propicias, debiendo el productor utilizar tácticas de manejo para su control para minimizar pérdidas en sus cultivos. O nematoide das lesões radiculares tem causado danos econômicos crescentes nas culturas de explorações agropecuárias no Brasil, especialmente na região Centro-Oeste. Objetivou-se neste trabalho conhecer a distribuição do nematoide das lesões radiculares, Pratylenchus spp., no Estado de Mato Grosso, possibilitando conhecer as localidades com maior concentração deste nematoide ao longo do tempo. Através de dados obtidos de laudos emitidos no período de 2006 a 2015 foram realizadas análises de abundância, frequência de ocorrência, autocorrelação e confeccionados mapas da densidade populacional de Pratylenchus spp. no Estado. Também foram analisados dados anuais de temperatura média, pluviosidade anual, produtividade e área plantada no Estado no período. O gênero Pratylenchus está presente em 85% das amostras, apresentando perante a outros gêneros fitopatogênicos uma abundância de 76% de incidência. Os municípios de Sapezal (12%), Sorriso (9%), Diamantino (8%), Campo Novo do Parecis (8%), Primavera do leste (6%), Sinop (5%), Nova Mutum (4%) e Querência (4%) foram os que apresentaram maior abundancia de Pratylenchus spp., indicando alto nível de infestação do patógeno na região central do Estado de Mato Grosso, sendo o ano de 2011 o que apresentou maior infestação. Observou-se que houve aumento na área plantada, porém a produtividade se manteve próxima a média de 3,405 Kg ha-1, anos com pluviosidade acima de 1100 mm apresentaram aumento populacional do nematoide, a temperatura média de 25°C demonstrou ser ideal para seu desenvolvimento, demonstrando que o Pratylenchus spp. possui um ambiente favorável no Estado de Mato Grosso para seu aumento populacional, devido as condições climáticas serem propicias, tendo o produtor que utilizar táticas de manejo para o seu controle para minimizar perdas em suas lavouras.

Considering the economic importance of strawberry in Brazil, with a clear migration trend from the soil to innovative systems on substrates, it is fundamental to evaluate the available cultivars in the market regarding tolerance to pathogens with potential for infestation. The reaction of eight commercial strawberry cultivars (Festival, Camino Real, Camarosa, Oso Grande, Monterey, San Andreas, Aromas, and Albion) to Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus species was evaluated. Strawberry cultivars were maintained in individual pots with sterilized soil and inoculated with 5,000 eggs + second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica or M. hapla or 1,000 specimens of Pratylenchus zea or P. brachyurus per plant. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six replications using tomato ‘Rutgers’ and sorghum ‘506’ plants as control to root-knot and lesion nematodes, respectively. Ninety days after inoculation, the nematode reproduction factor (RF= final population/initial population) was evaluated to determine the resistance of the strawberry genotypes to each nematode species. All cultivars behaved as resistant (FR1.00) to M. arenaria and M. hapla and ‘Oso Grande’ behaved as a good host to M. hapla; however, the other cultivars were resistant to these two Meloidogyne species. The assessed cultivars are poor hosts, being an alternative to be used in infested areas with these pests.

The authors would like to thank CIMMYT and the Research and Development Unit (BAP) of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University for funding this study. Kazakhstan is one of the biggest wheat producers, however, its wheat production is far below the average international wheat production standard due to biotic and abiotic stressors. Plant-parasitic nematodes are devastating for cereal production systems worldwide. A comprehensive survey was conducted in 2019 to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with wheat in different locations of central, eastern, and southeastern Kazakhstan. The results revealed 33 root-lesion and 27 cyst nematode populations from the 77 localities sampled. These two genera occurred in separate or in mixed populations. The root-lesion populations were identified as Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei while all cyst nematodes were identified as Heterodera filipjevi. The identification of nematodes was firstly performed based on morphological and morphometric features and confirmed by BLAST and phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer and the D2-D3 expansion located in the 28S gene of ribosomal DNA for CCN and RLN populations, respectively. Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei populations from Kazakhstan showed a high similarity with the American, European, and Asian populations. Heterodera filipjevi populations formed a well-supported cluster with the corresponding populations from different countries and showed a slightly intraspecific polymorphism. Kazakhstan populations of H. filipjevi may have multiple introductions in Kazakhstan due to the divergence among them. The results of this study are of great importance for breeding programs and will enable awareness for extension advisors to develop measures to control these nematodes in cereal cropping areas in Kazakhstan. CIMMYT; Research and Development Unit (BAP) of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University

A Pratylenchus species identified during a survey of Pratylenchus quasitereoides incidence at four locations of the grainbelt of Western Australia is described. Morphological and morphometric features indicated the previously undescribed morphotypes in nematode mixtures encountered were conspecific to P. curvicauda, and were clearly distinguishable from nine common Pratylenchus spp. Typical features of P. curvicauda were its body length (415–540 µm), which was curved to a c-shaped with a maximum body diameter of 20 µm, and the nature of its tail; 34 µm long, 2.8 µm wide at the anus and a typical ventrally arcuate with a round terminus. Sequenced for the first time, the sequences of the partial 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-partial 28S (80 clones, 14 individual nematodes) and the 28S-D3 (17 clones) regions of the rDNA of P. curvicauda had overall mean distances of 0.013 and 0.085, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses with sequences of both segments of the rDNA clearly showed the P. curvicauda isolates as monophyletic, distinct from ca 40 Pratylenchus species. Notably, it was distinct from Pratylenchus species present in Australia including P. quasitereoides and a Western Australia isolate of P. thornei. Further research into the biology of P. curvicauda is needed to facilitate development of strategies for its management, if it is an important pest.

Considering the economic importance of strawberry in Brazil, with a clear migration trend from the soil to innovative systems on substrates, it is fundamental to evaluate the available cultivars in the market regarding tolerance to pathogens with potential for infestation. The reaction of eight commercial strawberry cultivars (Festival, Camino Real, Camarosa, Oso Grande, Monterey, San Andreas, Aromas, and Albion) to Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus species was evaluated. Strawberry cultivars were maintained in individual pots with sterilized soil and inoculated with 5,000 eggs + second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica or M. hapla or 1,000 specimens of Pratylenchus zea or P. brachyurus per plant. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with six replications using tomato ‘Rutgers’ and sorghum ‘506’ plants as control to root-knot and lesion nematodes, respectively. Ninety days after inoculation, the nematode reproduction factor (RF= final population/initial population) was evaluated to determine the resistance of the strawberry genotypes to each nematode species. All cultivars behaved as resistant (FR1.00) to M. arenaria and M. hapla and ‘Oso Grande’ behaved as a good host to M. hapla; however, the other cultivars were resistant to these two Meloidogyne species. The assessed cultivars are poor hosts, being an alternative to be used in infested areas with these pests. RESUMO Considerando a importância econômica da cultura do morangueiro no Brasil, com tendência clara de migração da produção no solo para sistemas inovadores de produção em substratos, é fundamental a avaliação das cultivares disponíveis no mercado quanto a tolerância a patógenos com potencial de infestação. Avaliou-se a resistência de oito cultivares comerciais (Festival, Camino Real, Camarosa, Oso Grande, Monterey, San Andreas, Aromas e Albion) a espécies de Meloidogyne e Pratylenchus. Cultivares de morango, mantidas em vasos individuais com solo esterilizado, foram inoculadas com 5.000 ovos + juvenis de segundo estágio de Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, M. javanica ou M. hapla ou 1.000 espécimes de Pratylenchus zea ou P. brachyurus por planta. O experimento foi conduzido sob condições de casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições, utilizando-se plantas de sorgo ‘506’ e tomate ‘Rutgers’ como controles para o nematoides das galhas e das lesões radiculares, respectivamente. Noventa dias após a inoculação, foi avaliado o fator de reprodução dos nematoides (RF = população final / população inicial) para determinar a resistência dos genótipos de morango a cada espécie de fitonematoide. Todas as cultivares se comportaram como resistentes (FR 1,00) a M. arenaria e M. hapla e ‘Oso Grande’ comportou-se como suscetível a M. hapla; porém, as demais cultivares foram resistentes a estas duas espécies do nematoide das galhas. As cultivares de morango avaliadas neste trabalho comportaram-se como más hospedeiras dos nematoides estudados e, podem ser consideradas alternativa de cultivo em áreas infestadas com os patógenos.

Among the phytosanitary problems that affect the banana crop, resulting in loss of production, are the presence of nematodes such as Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. The dispersion of these pathogens is mainly through the propagation material. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the biological product Lilacel® (Purpureocillium lilacinum) and aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica), sugar apple (Annona squamosa) and soursop (A. muricata) in the treatment of conventional banana plantlets naturally infected with nematodes. Two experiments were installed in a greenhouse of the CECA / UFAL with banana plantlets cv. Comprida. In the first experiment, five doses of bio-nematicide (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0%) were tested in addition to the controls (Carbofuran and water). The experimental design was completely randomized with eight replicates. After four months of cultivation, nematode populations were evaluated in the soil, roots and rhizomes, and the reproduction factor. In the second experiment, four dosages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2%) of the three extracts were tested in addition to the controls (Carbofuran and water) and a 60-minute immersion period. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (3x4) with eight replications. The evaluation of the experiment was carried out three months after the application of the treatments, observing the sprouting percentage of the seedlings, the nematode population in the soil, rhizome and roots, and the reproduction factor. The sprouting percentage of the seedlings was 100% in the two experiments installed. In all treatments with bio-nematicide or plant extracts there was a reduction of nematode final populations when compared to the negative control (water). CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Entre os problemas fitossanitários que afetam a cultura da bananeira resultando em perda de produção, destaca-se a presença de nematoides, tais como, Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Pratylenchus coffeae e Meloidogyne spp. A dispersão desses patógenos se processa principalmente por meio do material propagativo. Diante do exposto, os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar o efeito do produto biológico Lilacel® (Purpureocillium lilacinum) e extratos aquosos de folhas de nim (Azadirachta indica), de pinheira (Annona squamosa) e de gravioleira (A. muricata) no tratamento de mudas convencionais de bananeira naturalmente infectadas por nematoides. Foram instalados dois experimentos, em casa de vegetação do CECA/UFAL, com mudas de bananeira do tipo chifre cv. Comprida. No primeiro experimento foram testadas cinco dosagens do bionematicida (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0%), além das testemunhas (Carbofurano e água). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com oito repetições. Decorridos quatro meses de cultivo, realizaram-se as avaliações das populações dos nematoides no solo, nas raízes e rizomas e o fator de reprodução. No segundo experimento foram testadas quatro dosagens (0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2%) dos três extratos (nim, pinheira e gravioleira), além das testemunhas (Carbofurano e água) e um período de imersão das mudas de 60 minutos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (3x4) com oito repetições. A avaliação do experimento foi realizada três meses após a aplicação dos tratamentos, observando-se o percentual de brotação das mudas, a população de nematoides no solo, rizoma e raízes, e o fator de reprodução. No final do período experimental observou-se 100% de brotação das mudas, nos dois experimentos. Em todos os tratamentos com o bionematicida ou com os extratos vegetais houve redução das populações finais de nematoides quando comparadas à testemunha negativa (água).

14 pages, 13 figures., Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a cool-season food legume second in importance as a pulse crop in the world after beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). It is an important protein source in many regions of the semi-arid tropics. Chickpea is grown in 47 countries and is a significant component of subsistence cropping systems for farmers in the Indian Subcontinent, West Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and certain areas of East and North Africa. More than 90% of the chickpea crops are grown in eight countries, including India, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Ethiopia, Mexico, Australia and Canada, in decreasing order., Many species of plant-parasitic nematodes have been reported in the roots and rhizosphere of chickpea in the major growing regions in the world (Table 1). However, only certain nematode species are considered constraints to chickpea production, causing an estimated 14% in annual yield losses (61,68). The symptoms and signs of nematode parasitism on chickpea differ depending upon the nematode’s feeding habit. Moreover, nematode attacks can make plants more sensitive to other biotic and abiotic stresses, and overall result in stunting and poor yield., Original results from the authors reported in this article were derived from research supported by grants (AGL2003-0640, AGL2004-01231) from Dirección General de Investigación, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain.

The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus spp. is one of the most important plant-parasitic nematodes causing global cereal yield losses. Effective management of plant-parasitic nematodes depends on reliable management strategies and comprehensive datasets estimating the distribution, abundance, and population change of nematode species. This study reports the occurrence of Pratylenchus neglectus in wheat-growing districts during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons in Bolu, Turkey. Pratylenchus neglectus was identified by both morphological and molecular methods. The nematode was detected in 11.6% of samples collected from five districts. On average, P. neglectus numbered 1556 nematodes/kg soil, while 12% of samples had more than 2500 nematodes/kg soil. P. neglectus population dynamics were evaluated by sowing a susceptible winter wheat variety (Bezostaya) in a naturally infested field near the Çaydurt district of Bolu during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons. There was a positive correlation (P < 0.01) between nematode abundance in roots and surrounding soil temperature. The highest abundance of nematodes in roots occurred during May (average temperature: 22 °C), while the lowest abundance was during December-March (average temperature: 5 °C). The initial population was measured as an average of 60 nematodes/100 g soil. The reproduction rate of P. neglectus ranged from 0.7 to 4.8 individuals.

Bu çalışmada 2018-2019 yılları arasında Azerbaycan'ın Ağcabedi, Berde, Beylegan, Bilasuvar, Celilabad, Salyan ve Terter illerinde buğday ekili alanlarından dünyadaki ekonomik anlamda zarar yapan Kök yara ve Tahıl kist nematodlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 145 toprak örneği alınarak laboratuvarda incelenmiştir. Alınan toprak örneklerinden elde edilen Tahıl kist ve Kök yara nematodlarının bireyleri morfolojik ve morfometrik olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Topraktan elde edilen kistlerin DNA' ları ekstrakte edilerek PCR analizi yapıldıktan sonra, sekansları çıkarılıp veri bankasında karşılaştırılarak türleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 145 toprak örneğinin 49' unda Kök yara nematodları, 38' inde Tahıl kist nematodlarıyla bulaşıklık görülmüştür. Kök yara nematodlarıyla en yüksek bulaşıklık Ağcabedi ilinde % 44,5 oranında, Tahıl kist nematodlarıyla en yüksek bulaşıklık ise Berde ilinde % 63,6 oranında görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte Ağcabedi, Berde, Beylegan illerinde Pratylenchus neglectus ve P. thornei türleri, Celilabad ve Salyan illerinde P. thornei türü ilk kez tesbit edilmiştir. Ağcabedi ve Berde illerinde ise Heterodera avenae nematodu ilk kez tesbit edilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Bitki paraziti nematodlar, Azerbaycan, buğday, Pratylenchus spp, Heterodera spp, In this study, 145 soil samples were collected from wheat fields in Aghjabedi, Berde, Beylegan, Bilasuvar, Jalilabad, Salyan and Terter provinces of Azerbaijan between the years 2018-2019. The samples have been examined in the laboratory in order to identify the Root lesion and Cereal cyst nematodes. According to morphological and morphometric examination of the sample, it was identified the cyst nematodes and root lesion nematodes are present. Cyst samples were sent for sequencing after preforming DNA extraction and PCR analysis and the species of the cyst were determined. As a result of the study, 49 of 145 soil samples were found to be infected with Root lesion nematodes and 38 samples were found to be infected with Cereal cyst nematodes. Regarding Root lesion nematodes, the highest contamination was 44,5 % in Aghjabedi and regarding Cereal cyst nematodes the highest contamination was 63,6 % in Berde. Additionally, Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei in Aghjabedi, Berde, Beylegan provinces and P. thornei species in Jalilabad and Salyan provinces were detected for the first time. Heterodera avenae was detected for the first time in Aghjabedi and Berde provinces. Keywords: Plant parasitic nematodes, Azerbaijan, wheat, Pratylenchus spp, Heterodera spp

Seed degeneration (PSD) threats potato production in developing countries. PSD is defined as the accumulation of pest and pathogens in/on the seed tuber due to the successive cycles of vegetative propagation leading potentially to a yield and quality reduction (Thomas-Sharma et al., 2016; Pl. Path. [vol 65, issue 1]). However, the understanding of PSD in the Andes is deficient due to the limited comprehension of the spatial distribution of potato seed- and soil- borne pests and pathogens. For this reason, 260 farmers´ seed lots and fields were surveyed in the province of Cotopaxi-Ecuador from September to October 2018. The survey was implemented using a stratified sampling design (stratum = Cantons of Latacunga, Pujilí, Salcedo and Saquisilí). The sample size was defined based on the seed replacement rate reported by farmers in a pilot study previously implemented. In each place, farmers kindly provided a sample of (1 to 10) potato seed tubers depending on their willingness. In addition to it, a soil sample was collected from the closest field to the house after farmers provided oral consent. Symptoms and damages on the seed tubers caused by insects and fungi were visually inspected following the methodology suggested by James (1971, [Canadian pl. dis. survey {vol. 51}]) and the photography guide of the main pests and pathogens of the potato crop in Ecuador (Montesdeoca et al., 2013)(Reported in sheet coined "Insects and Fungi"). Virus identification was carried out on plantlets coming from the tubers assessed previously. This was performed by using the kits and the protocol for DAS-ELISA manufactured and suggested by CIP (2007). Six viruses were identified: PVX, PVS, PVY, APLV, PLRV, and APMoV (Reported in sheet coined "Virus"). Forty three soil samples out of the 260 were selected depending on the farmers’ field altitude and landscape location (Reported in sheet coined "nematodes"). These were sent to the laboratory of Plant Protection of the National Agriculture Research Center (INIAP) for nematodes identification. Nematodes were identified according to the methodologies of Oostenbrink (1960) and Fenwick (1940). It is expected that this database contributes to a deeper knowledge about the presence of seed-borne pests and pathogens in the tropical highlands of Ecuador and to design better seed system interventions.;The dataset contains data about presence of seed-borne pest and pathogens on/in the seed produced by farmers in the province of Cotopaxi.

Submitted by ISA MARCELA RODRIGUES FURLINI BRAGA (isa.marcela@hotmail.com) on 2019-02-06T17:28:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese ISA 3.pdf: 984721 bytes, checksum: 4610cdeeedbd1a7dcda1cc39b8c06d62 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Camila Gricio (tatiana.gricio@unesp.br) on 2019-02-06T17:56:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 braga_imrf_dr_jabo.pdf: 984721 bytes, checksum: 4610cdeeedbd1a7dcda1cc39b8c06d62 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-06T17:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 braga_imrf_dr_jabo.pdf: 984721 bytes, checksum: 4610cdeeedbd1a7dcda1cc39b8c06d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Um dos cultivos mais tradicionais, o milho tem assumido importante papel socioeconômico no Brasil, colocando-se em posição relevante no que se refere a valor da produção agropecuária, área plantada e volume produzido, em especial nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. Entre os fatores bióticos capazes de proporcionar redução no rendimento das culturas encontram-se as plantas daninhas. Algumas plantas daninhas de hábito trepador como as corda-de-viola e melão-de-são-caetano problemáticas em plantios agrícolas apresentam alta capacidade de dispersão e produção de sementes, podendo infestar áreas de plantio de milho, por serem facilmente dispersas por agentes dispersores. Estas podem afetar a produção produtividade, devido, principalmente, às interferências negativas impostas por sua presença, como a competição por água, nutrientes, luz e possíveis efeitos alelopáticos; bem como por serem hospedeiras de pragas, agentes causadores de doenças. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos na Unesp/FCAV para verificar se corda-de-viola e melão-de-são-caetano causam danos a produtividade do milho. e quais seriam. Os resultados destes trabalhos relacionados a interferência causada pelo melão-de-são-caetano nos permitiram concluir que melão-de-são-Caetano interfere no crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho ‘Maximus’ já a partir de 1 planta m-2, sendo que o efeito se acentua com o aumento da densidade. Os experimentos com corda de viola nos permitiu concluir que Ipomoea hederifolia não interfere no crescimento das plantas de milho ‘Impacto’ até a densidade de 16 plantas m-2, mas a partir de 2 plantas m-2 há reduções significativas na produtividade, que se acentuam com o aumento da densidade. One of the most traditional crops, corn has assumed an important socioeconomic role in Brazil, placing itself in a relevant position regarding the value of agricultural production, planted area and volume produced, especially in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. Among the biotic factors capable of reducing crop yields are weeds. Some climbing weeds such as morningglory and Momordica Charantia problems in agricultural plantations have high dispersion and seed production capacity, and can infest maize planting areas, as they are easily dispersed by dispersing agents.These can affect production productivity, due mainly to the negative interferences imposed by their presence, such as competition for water, nutrients, light and possible allelopathic effects; as well as being host to pests, disease-causing agents. Two studies were developed at the Unesp / FCAV to verify if the viola cord and the Momordica Charantia cause damage to maize productivity. and what they would be. The results of these studies related to the interference caused by the Momordica Charantia allowed us to conclude that Momordica Charantia interferes in the growth, development and productivity of 'Maximus' maize already from 1 plant m-2, being that the effect is accentuated with increasing density.The experiments with morningglory allowed us to conclude that Ipomoea hederifolia does not interfere with the growth of 'Impacto' maize plants up to the density of 16 m-2 plants, but from 2 m-2 plants there are significant reductions in productivity. accentuate with increasing density. 001

Nos últimos anos, os nematoides das lesões radiculares (Pratylenchus spp.) têm causado danos elevados e crescentes, além de perdas econômicas preocupantes em diversas culturas e em várias regiões do Brasil, especialmente no Cerrado e principalmente nas culturas da soja, feijão, milho, algodão e pastagens. As causas desse aumento da importância econômica ainda não estão esclarecidas e necessitam ser investigadas, entretanto devem estar relacionadas com a adoção de novos sistemas de produção. No sistema de arroz de terras altas, o uso de genótipos melhorados tornou o arroz uma cultura importante no cerrado, deixando de ser cultivado apenas nas áreas recém desmatadas, onde geralmente se adota baixo nível de tecnologia, para participar de sistemas de produção mais tecnificados, como os sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária. Porém, o arroz é hospedeiro de diversos nematoides, onde vale destacar em especial, as espécies de Pratylenchus. Perdas estimadas de produções e rendimentos na cultura do arroz na ordem de 10% a 25% são relatadas em alguns países causadas por nematoides. Apesar desses relatos, os danos de Pratylenchus spp. em vários sistemas agrícolas ainda não foram bem caracterizados cientificamente, em especial no cerrado brasileiro. Mais informações quanto aos danos causados por essas espécies em relação a cultura do arroz se revestem de grande importância, por se tratar de uma cultura de valor econômico e boa opção de utilização em programas de rotação/sucessão de culturas em novos sistemas de produção, economicamente produtivos e sustentáveis, visando o controle de nematoides. Com base no exposto, se faz necessário realizar um levantamento das espécies de nematoides das lesões radiculares associadas a cultura do arroz, soja, milho e feijão em plantios do Brasil Central, avaliando a reação e os níveis populacionais de Pratylenchus spp. causadores de danos em cultivares de arroz comercializadas, de forma a contribuir com os programas de rotação/sucessão de culturas na aplicação do manejo integrado de nematoides no cerrado brasileiro. O estudo de levantamento detectou em todas as amostras P. brachyurus e P. zeae como as espécies predominantes. Resultados a campo e em casa de vegetação confirmaram a boa hospedabilidade e os danos em genótipos de arroz causados por P. zeae e P. brachyurus, em especial por P. zeae, com perdas na produtividade em torno de 3,38% ? 30,45% a depender da característica de tolerância dos genótipos. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-07T00:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018RaianyLimadeSousa.pdf: 1613421 bytes, checksum: d3b014dcca60a68019ddd2bc59cb87e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia)- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade de Brasília, DF. Orientador: Cleber Furlanetto; Coorientador: Dilson da Cunha Costa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia.

Nematodes is one of the major biotic constraints affecting profitable yam production throughout Nigeria. They affect yams both in the field and in storage thus threatening food security and economic deprivation to growers and their households. The research work identified the types, frequency and population of nematodes associated with Dioscorea rotundata grown by the Farm Practical Year Programme Trainees of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta in four Community-based Farming Scheme locations, namely Isaga-Orile, Iwoye-Ketu, Ode-Lemo and Odogbolu in Ogun State. Soil samples were taken and assayed for nematode populations. Results showed that 26 Nematodes genera were found in the four locations ranging from 11 to 3201 individuals/250 g soil. Genera of plant-parasitic nematodes recovered included Scutellonema, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchulus, Trichodorus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Aphelenchus, Xiphinema, Ditylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Rotylenchus and Aphelenchoides while the free-living nematode genera found included Aulolaimoides, Cephalobus, Cylindrocorpus, Lotonchus, Monhystera, Oncholaimus, Paraplectonema, Prismatolaimus, Dorylaimus, Tylencholaimellus, Tylencholaimus, and Tyleptus. Out of the twenty-six nematodes encountered, Meloidogyne spp. Scutellonema spp. and Pratylenchus spp. were mostly encountered in the soil and the only three recovered from the tubers which mean that these three nematodes are of economic importance to yam production. Farmers are therefore advised to go into yam production with management measure of nematodes putting the three key nematodes in mind, in order to avoid yield loss.Keywords: White guinea yam; Meloidogyne spp.; Scutellonema spp.; Pratylenchus spp.

An analysis of the plant-parasitic nematodes found on the banana (Musa AAA) plantations in the provinces of Cañar, El Oro, Guayas, Los Rios and Santo Domingo of Ecuador from 2008 to 2014 was carried out. The nematode extraction was done from 25 g of fresh roots that were macerated in a blender and from which nematodes were recovered in a 0.025 mm (No 500) mesh sieve. The data were subjected to frequency analysis in PC-SAS and the absolute frequency was calculated for each individual genus. Four plant parasitic nematodes were detected and, based on their frequencies and population densities, the nematode genera in decreasing order was: Radopholus similis > Helicotylenchus spp. > Meloidogyne spp. > Pratylenchus spp. Radopholus similis was the most abundant nematode, accounting for 49 to 66% of the overall root population, followed by Helicotylenchus spp. with 29 to 45% of the population through- out the different analyzed years. From a total of 13,773 root samples, 96% contained R. similis, 91% Helicotylenchus spp., 35% Meloidogyne spp., and 25% Pratylenchus spp. and, when all of the nematodes that were present were pooled (total nematodes), 99.9% of the samples had nematodes. A large number of samples with a nematode population above the economic threshold suggested by Agrocalidad, INIAP and Anemagro (2,500-3,000 nematodes/100 g of roots) was observed in all of the years, the months and the five sampled provinces. The statistical differences (P Helicotylenchus spp. > Meloidogyne spp. > Pratylenchus spp. Radopholus similis fue el nematodo más abundante contabilizando de 49 a 66% de la población total de las raíces, seguido por Helicotylenchus spp. con 29 a 45% de la población a través de los diferentes años analizados. De un total de 13,773 muestras de raíces, 96% tenían R. similis, 91% Helicotylenchus spp., 35% Meloidogyne spp., 25% Pratylenchus spp., y cuando se agrupó todos los nematodos presentes (nematodos totales) 99,9% de las muestras tenían nematodos. Un gran número de muestras con poblaciones de nematodos superior al umbral económico sugerido por Agrocalidad-INIAP y Anemagro (2,500-3,000 nematodos/100 g de raíces) fueron observadas en todos los años, meses y en las cinco provincias muestreadas. La diferencia estadística (P

An analysis of the plant-parasitic nematodes found on the banana (Musa AAA) plantations in the provinces of Cañar, El Oro, Guayas, Los Rios and Santo Domingo of Ecuador from 2008 to 2014 was carried out. The nematode extraction was done from 25 g of fresh roots that were macerated in a blender and from which nematodes were recovered in a 0.025 mm (No 500) mesh sieve. The data were subjected to frequency analysis in PC-SAS and the absolute frequency was calculated for each individual genus. Four plant parasitic nematodes were detected and, based on their frequencies and population densities, the nematode genera in decreasing order was: Radopholus similis > Helicotylenchus spp. > Meloidogyne spp. > Pratylenchus spp. Radopholus similis was the most abundant nematode, accounting for 49 to 66% of the overall root population, followed by Helicotylenchus spp. with 29 to 45% of the population through- out the different analyzed years. From a total of 13,773 root samples, 96% contained R. similis, 91% Helicotylenchus spp., 35% Meloidogyne spp., and 25% Pratylenchus spp. and, when all of the nematodes that were present were pooled (total nematodes), 99.9% of the samples had nematodes. A large number of samples with a nematode population above the economic threshold suggested by Agrocalidad, INIAP and Anemagro (2,500-3,000 nematodes/100 g of roots) was observed in all of the years, the months and the five sampled provinces. The statistical differences (P

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; The burrowing nematode Radopholus similis and the lesion nematodes Pratylenchus spp. are considered as major constraints to banana cultivation worldwide. As an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides in commercial banana plantations, the possible role of the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus was studied regarding the reducing harmfulness of the main plant-feeding nematodes of banana. The interactions among banana plants, plant-feeding nematodes and earthworms have been tested in a controlled experiment combining treatments including or not earthworms and nematodes, over a complete vegetative banana development cycle. The aim of the work was to evaluate how earthworm activity can affect the pathogenicity of the three main plant-feeding nematodes associated with dessert banana (Musa spp. AAA group, cv. Cavendish) in Guadeloupe (French West Indies), R. similis, Pratylenchus coffeae and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. Results showed that damages caused by plant-feeding nematodes were lowered in the presence of the earthworm P. corethrurus; the population of plant-feeding nematodes did not decrease whereas root damage induced by nematodes was significantly reduced (50% reduction of root necrosis in the presence of earthworms). Moreover, in the presence of P. corethrurus, we observed a change of soil porosity. On the one hand, the burrowing activity of earthworms destroyed most of the initial structural porosity (mesobiotic pores, 3–300 _m) and on the other hand, they increased the volume of the finest structural pores diameter class (microbiotic pores, 0.3–3 _m). P. corethrurus also stimulated phosphorus mineralization. Soil bioturbation carried out by P. corethrurus could have enhanced the efficiency of microbial community that is involved in phosphorus bioavailability. This observation was corroborated by a higher phosphorus availability in earthworm casts (1386 ± 38 mg P kg−1 of dry matter in cast versus 778 ± 61 mg P kg−1 of dry matter in the soil compartment not influenced by earthworm activity), and a better plant phosphorus nutrition in the presence of earthworms. Phosphorus uptake resulted in a better plant nutrition and a better tolerance to plant-feeding nematodes. Besides, the reduction of the mesobiotic porosity by bioturbation could also have disturbed the nematodes activities during their soil phase and contributed to the reduction of their damage.

Understanding the mechanisms of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) dispersion is vital to improve control strategies aiming to restrict dissemination of these plant parasites. In the present work, we evaluated the presence of PPN in Arabic coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings produced in commercial nurseries in Minas Gerais, state, Brazil. A total of 2830 samples obtained from 318 coffee nurseries, in 84 counties within the South and Zona da Mata regions in Minas Gerais, Brazil and representing more than 62 million coffee seedlings, were analyzed. Meloidogyne spp. was identified in 11 samples from four counties. Pratylenchus spp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis were detected in 281 and 47 samples, respectively. According to the Regulatory Instruction N° 35 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), in Brazil, coffee seedlings infected by Meloidogyne spp. are prohibited for commercialization and/or planting. However, such restrictions do not apply to other PPN. Therefore, seedlings sold in Minas Gerais may constitute sources of dissemination for root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) and the reniform nematode (R. reniformis).

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-16T11:54:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Barbosa Castro.pdf: 3531587 bytes, checksum: 22215940a25ea18b769935787dced147 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T11:54:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Douglas Barbosa Castro.pdf: 3531587 bytes, checksum: 22215940a25ea18b769935787dced147 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Guava (Psidium guajava L.) farming has a great economic and social importance, especially for the Brazilian semiarid region. Severe damage caused by nematodes parasitism, particularly Meloidogyne enterolobii is reported in orchards across the country, with heavy losses. Neem-based products (Azadirachta indica) have emerged as a sustainable management alternative of these pathogens. The objectives of this study were: (a) evaluate the effects of the neem cake in nematode communities, in the soil microbial activity, soil and plant properties; (b) describe the structure and the composition of nematode communities in guava orchard area recently implemented; (c) to assess variations in the spatial and temporal distributions of plant nematodes and chemical properties of the soil by incorporating the neem cake. The study was conducted in a guava orchard located in a rural settlement in Pernambuco State, Brazil, which was divided into two areas, one of which was applied neem cake treatment. The evaluations were done before treatment, 90 and 180 days after initiation of treatment. Descriptive statistics, covariance and geostatistics was proceeded for nematological data, soil properties and plants nutrition. The results indicated that the neem cake improves soil quality, increasing of organic carbon content, microbial activity and microfauna abundance. Neem cake was effective to control plant parasitic nematode Pratylenchus, however it was not effective against M. enterolobii. The geostatistical analysis revealed that the spherical model fitted for the most of variables studied. Most nematodes not present spatial dependence, featuring pure nugget effect. The contour maps showed that neem cake incorporation increased the variability of soil chemical properties; spatial distribution of essential nutrients for root growth influenced the distribution of plant parasitic nematodes; and the introduction of M. enterolobii in the study area was through infected seedlings. A cultura da goiabeira (Psidium guajava) é de grande importância econômica e social, especialmente para o semiárido do nordeste brasileiro. Danos severos causados pelo parasitismo por nematoides, principalmente os da espécie Meloidogyne enterolobii, são reportados em pomares de todo país, com elevados prejuízos. Os produtos à base de nim (Azadirachta indica) têm se mostrado uma alternativa para um manejo mais sustentável desses patógenos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (a) avaliar os efeitos da incorporação da torta de nim nas comunidades de nematoides, na atividade microbiana do solo e nos atributos do solo e das plantas; (b) descrever a estrutura e a composição das comunidades de nematoides em área de pomar de goiabeiras recém-implantado; (c) avaliar variações nas distribuições espaço-temporal dos fitonematoides e atributos químicos do solo após a incorporação da torta de nim. O estudo foi conduzido em um pomar de goiabeiras localizado em um assentamento rural no agreste Pernambucano, o qual foi dividido em duas áreas; em uma delas foi aplicado o tratamento com a torta de nim. As avaliações foram feitas antes do tratamento, 90 e 180 dias após o início do tratamento. Procedeu-se com análises de estatística descritiva, covariância e geoestatística para os dados nematológicos, atributos do solo e nutricional de plantas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a torta de nim melhora a qualidade do solo, elevando os níveis de carbono orgânico, atividade microbiana e da microfauna. O tratamento foi eficaz em controlar os nematoides do gênero Pratylenchus presentes no solo, no entanto não foi eficaz contra M. enterolobii. A análise geoestatística revelou que o modelo esférico foi o que mais se ajustou às variáveis estudadas e que a maior parte das variáveis nematológicas não apresentou dependência espacial, caracterizando efeito pepita puro. Os mapas de isolinhas mostraram que a incorporação da torta de nim aumentou a variabilidade dos atributos químicos do solo; que a distribuição espacial de nutrientes importantes para o desenvolvimento radicular das plantas influenciou na distribuição de fitonematoides e permitiu concluir que a introdução de M. enterolobii na área se deu por meio de mudas infectadas.

WOS: 000369882800001, Root-lesion nematodes (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus) are serious plant parasitic nematodes that attack wheat roots and cause significant losses in grain quality and quantity worldwide. They are widely distributed in Turkish wheat growing areas and can be only controlled by growing resistant cultivars and non host crops. So far, there is no commercial wheat cultivar identified as completely resistant to the RLN is available. The objective of this research was to evaluate some Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides) and national spring wheat varieties for resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus. In the experiments, 32 wild Emmers and 42 wheat cultivars were inoculated with P. thornei or P. neglectus individuals and grown under controlled conditions in a growth room for 9 weeks. The results showed that 25 and 35 wheat varieties were moderately resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively. In total, 17 lines exhibiting multiple resistance reactions to both nematodes were in the same group with the check lines (P, Tubitak Project [112 O 565], This publication was supported by Tubitak Project number 112 O 565. The authors thank Prof. Dr. Hakan Ozkan (University of Cukurova) for selecting and supplying the Emmer wheats and Turkish varieties used in the study.

During a survey of the nematodes associated with weeds in banana fields in Martinique, 41 weed species in 37 genera from 20 plant families were collected to extract nematodes from the roots. Results of this survey showed that 24 weed species were hosts of Radopholus similis, 23 were hosts of Helicotylenchus spp., 13 were hosts of Pratylenchus spp., 13 were hosts of Hoplolaimus seinhorsti, 29 were hosts of Meloidogyne spp. and 24 were hosts of Rotylenchulus reniformis. The presence of the burrowing nematode was more consistently found within three families, the Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae. In some weed species such as Caladium bicolor, Commelina diffusa, Echinochloa colona and Phenax sonneratii, the levels of nematodes recovered were similar to, or greater than the numbers recovered from Musa roots. These results clearly show that certain weeds can be significant reservoirs of plant parasitic nematodes including R. similis in banana fields. This information is crucial in devising appropriate nematode control measures for use with rotation crops or fallow before re-planting banana fields with nematode free planting material. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pratylenchus spp. (root-lesion nematodes) are nematodes that can parasitize numerous annual and perennial host plants, such as fruit trees in orchards and nurseries. Nurseries in the five main Tunisian areas of apple production in the regions of Bizerte, Testour (Beja), Jendouba, Kairouan and Kasserine were surveyed. Roots from plants of similar vigor from the MM106 rootstock alone and from the MM106 rootstock grafted to apple varieties were harvested and nematodes were extracted by the double centrifugation technique. Females of different Pratylenchus populations were fixed, mounted in glycerol and measured. Morphometric and morphological characters were used to compare populations to known species. The results obtained by principal compound analysis and discriminate analysis showed regional and host plant effects on biometrical characters of Pratylenchus females. Hierarchical cluster analysis is used to classify different nematode populations in relation to known species. Most specimens, particularly those from the regions of Jendouba and Testour, were similar either to the species P. neglectus and P. brachyurus or to P. vulnus. However, a few isolated specimens obtained from apple roots in Kairouan and Jendouba were similar to P. jordanensis., Les Pratylenchus (nématodes des lésions racinaires) sont des espèces qui peuvent parasiter plusieurs plantes hôtes annuelles et pérennes telles que les arbres fruitiers en vergers et en pépinières. Les pépinières des cinq principales zones de production de plants de pommier situées en Tunisie dans les régions de Bizerte, Testour (Béja), Jendouba, Kairouan et Kasserine sont prospectées. Les racines des plants de même vigueur de marcottes de MM106 ainsi que des plants de MM106 greffés par différentes variétés de pommier sont prélevées et les nématodes sont extraits par la technique de double centrifugation. Les individus femelles de Pratylenchus des différentes populations sont prélevés, fixés, montés dans de la glycérine, mesurés sur la base des caractères morphométriques et comparés aux différentes espèces de ce genre déjà décrites dans la littérature. Les résultats obtenus par l’analyse en composante principale et l’analyse discriminante montrent un effet de la région et de la plante hôte sur les caractères biométriques des femelles de Pratylenchus. L’analyse de la classification hiérarchique a permis de classer les différentes populations de nématodes par rapport aux espèces connues. La plupart des spécimens, notamment ceux provenant des régions de Jendouba et de Testour, se rapprochent soit des espèces P. neglectus et P. brachyurus avec quelques variantes, soit de l’espèce P. vulnus. Cependant, quelques individus isolés des racines de pommier des régions de Kairouan et Jendouba s’apparentent à l’espèce P. jordanensis., Bouali Nesrine, Kallel Sadreddine, Horrigue-Raouani Najet. Caractérisation de différentes espèces de Pratylenchus associées aux marcottières et aux plants greffés de MM106 en pépinières d’arbres à pépins en Tunisie. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 40 n°1, 2014. pp. 75-86.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2020-06-09T02:01:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Isabel_Medina.pdf: 3365271 bytes, checksum: 8136115835d1166f19eacd10477601d5 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2020-06-09T02:40:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Isabel_Medina.pdf: 3365271 bytes, checksum: 8136115835d1166f19eacd10477601d5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-09T02:41:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Isabel_Medina.pdf: 3365271 bytes, checksum: 8136115835d1166f19eacd10477601d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-26 Teve-se por objetivo no presente estudo: i) caracterizar as populações do nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) e das lesões (Pratylenchus spp.) em lavouras de batata do Rio Grando do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) e Paraná (PR); ii) avaliar a agressividade de populações de M. javanica em cultivares comerciais de batata selecionadas; iii) avaliar a resistência de cultivares comerciais batata e acessos silvestres a Meloidogyne spp.; e iii) estudar a o ciclo de vida de M. javanica em genótipos de batata resistente e suscetível. Foram obtidas 47 populações de Meloidogyne spp. e 27 de Pratylenchus spp. nos três estados. As populações de Meloidogyne spp. foram caracterizadas bioquimicamente através da enzima esterase (Est), sendo 20 dessas populações, caracterizadas molecularmente por marcadores PCR e RAPD. As populações de Pratylenchus foram identificadas por meio de caracteres morfológicos e morfométricos. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a agressividade de quatro populações de M. javanica provenientes dos três estados nas cultivares de batata Agata e BRS Clara. A seguir, avaliou-se, em casa de vegetação, a reação de nove cultivares comerciais de batata quanto a resistência a Meloidogyne spp. e Pratylenchus brachyurus, e de 24 acessos de batata silvestre a M. javanica. Finalmente, estudou-se o ciclo de vida de M. javanica em uma cultivar suscetível (Ana) e em um acesso de batata silvestre resistente (68-16) sob condições controladas (24oC ± 0,5oC; 14h luz). De forma geral, verificou-se a presença de Meloidogyne spp. em 42,34% das amostradas coletadas nas lavouras de batata, sendo M. javanica com o fenótipo Est J3, a espécie mais frequente. Nas amostras provenientes do RS, foram obtidas 42 populações de Meloidogyne com cinco fenótipos esterásticos. Os fenótipos de M. javanica Est J3, J2 e J2a foram encontrados em 100, 3,0 e 12,1% das amostras, respectivamente. Alem disso, foram detectadas duas populações de M. incognita Est I2, e duas populações de M. arenaria Est A2, que corresponderam a 13,2% das amostras. Em SC foram identificadas sete populações de M. javanica Est J3 em todas as amostras onde foi detectado o nematoide das galhas. No estado do PR, constatou-se a ocorrência de seis populações de M. javanica Est J3, uma população de M. ethiopica Est E3 e uma população de M. incognita Est I2, as quais corresponderam a 85,7, 14,3 e 14,3% das áreas amostradas onde o nematoide das galhas foi detectado, respectivamente. Registrou-se a ocorrência do nematoide das lesões (Pratylenchus spp.) em 24,32% das amostras. Entre as amostras coletadas no RS cuja a presença de Pratylenchus spp. foi 8 registrada, identificaram-se 17 populações como P. brachyurus e quatro não foram possíveis de serem caracterizadas ao nível de espécie. Nos estados de SC e do PR, verificou-se apenas a ocorrência de P. brachyurus em duas e quatro amostras, respectivamente. Pela análise RAPD, 317 e 435 fragmentos reprodutíveis foram amplificados para as espécies/populações de Meloidogyne testadas, cuja percentagem de bandas polimórficas amplificadas variou de 13,9 a 27,1% respectivamente. Pela análise filogenética, três grupos se formaram: em um grupo, 15 populações de M javanica Est J3 se agruparam; M. incognita Est I2, M. ethiopica Est E3 e M. arenaria Est A2 formaram um segundo grupo, e um terceiro agrupamento foi formado por duas populações de M. javanica Est J2a, observando-se uma baixa variabilidade intraespecífica entre ambas (9,47%). Avaliando-se a agressividade das populações de M. javanica, verificou-se interação significativa entre cultivares de batata e populações do nematoide com as variáveis número de galhas, fator de reprodução, número de 'pipocas', altura de planta e massa de tubérculos. Na avaliação da reação das cultivares de batata a Meloidogyne spp., a maioria dos materiais testados foi suscetível. Em relação à reação dos acessos de batatas silvestres a M. javanica, dois genótipos foram selecionados como resistentes (675 e 68-16) e um, como moderadamente suscetível (51-9). E, pela análise do desenvolvimento e reprodução de M. javanica em dois diferentes genótipos de batata, verificou-se prolongamento do ciclo de vida do nematoide no acesso resistente 68-16 comparativamente à cultivar suscetível Ana. The Objectives of this study were i) to characterize root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and root-lesion nematodes (RLN) (Pratylenchus spp.) parasitizing potato crops in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) and Paraná (PR), southern Brazil; ii) to access the aggressiveness of Meloidogyne javanica populations on selected potato cultivars; iii) to evaluate the resistance of commercial cultivars and wild accessions of potato to Meloidogyne spp., and iv) to study the life cycle of M. javanica on resistant and susceptible potato genotypes. In this study, 47 and 27 populations of Meloidogyne spp., and Pratylenchus spp. were obtained, respectively. Meloidogyne populations were biochemically characterized using esterase isozyme (Est). A subset of twenty populations was further characterized molecularly by SCAR PCR and RAPD markers. Populations of Pratylenchus spp. were characterized by morphological and morphometric characters. Subsequently, the aggressiveness of four populations of M. javanica from RS, SC and PR were evaluated in the commercial potato cultivars BRS Clara and Agata. Subsequently, the reaction of nine commercial potato cultivars for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus brachyurus, and the resistance of 24 wild potato accessions to Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated in greenhouse conditions. Finally, the life cycle of M. javanica in a susceptible cultivar (BRS Ana) and other resistant wild potato (68-16) was investigated under controlled conditions (24°C ± 0,5°C; 14h light). Overall, Meloidogyne spp. was present at 42.34% of sampled sites, and M. javanica (Est J3) was the most frequent species. Forty-two populations of Meloidogyne with five different esterase phenotypes were obtained from RS state. M. javanica J2, J2a and J3 occurred on 3%, 12.1% and 100% of sampled sites, respectively. Forty-two populations of Meloidogyne with five different esterase (Est) phenotypes were obtained In the collected samples from RS. M. javanica Est J3, J2 and J2a occurred at 100, 3.0 and 12.1% of the samples, respectively. Moreover, two populations of M. incognita I2, and two populations of M. arenaria A2 (13.2% in total), were detected. In SC state, M. javanica (J3) was observed on 100% of sampled sites. In PR state, six populations of M. javanica (J3), one population of M. ethiopica (E3) and one population of M. incognita (I2) were observed, which corresponds to 85.7%, 14.3% and 14.3% of the total samples, respectively. The occurrence of Pratylenchus spp., was observed in 24.32% of the total samples. Among them, samples obtained from RS state, there were 17 populations identified as P. brachyurus (81%) and it was not 10 possible to characterize four populations (19%) by specific level. In SC and PR, P. brachyurus occurred in two and four samples, respectively, and was the only species identified. In the RAPD analysis, 317 and 435 reproducible amplified fragments were observed for the isolates whose percentage of polymorphisms varied from 13.9% within M. javanica populations and 27.1% between M. javanica and other Meloidogyne spp. In the phylogenetic analysis, there was three groups, in which 15 populations of M. javanica (J3) formed a major group; M. incognita (I2), M. ethiopica (E3), and M. arenaria (A2) formed a second group, and the third group formed by two populations of M. javanica (J2a) with a low intraspecific variability between them (9.47%). In the aggressiveness of M. javanica populations, there was significant interactions between potato cultivars and nematode populations according to total number of galls (roots and tubers), nematode reproduction factor, plant height and tuber weight. For the genetic screenings, most potato cultivars were susceptible to both Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus brachyurus. Interesting, two accessions of wild potatoes (675 and 68-16) were resistant and one (51-9) moderately susceptible to M. javanica. Finally, we observed an extended life cycle of M. javanica in the resistant accession of wild potato compared to the susceptible potato cultivar BRS Ana.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered one of the oldest food plants used by humans, thus becoming one of the most-produced cereal in the world. However, it is important to note that many pathogens may be limiting to the production of this crop, including the root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.), which are widespread on virtually all agricultural regions of the country. Among the control methods, which aim to reduce the population of these organisms, the use of resistant varieties is mentioned, however there is a lack of information about the response of rice genotypes to nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the response of rice genotypes to Pratylenchus brachyurus and P. zeae. The following materials were evaluated: Cateto Amarelo, BRS Primavera, Riccetec Ecco CL, BRS Bonança, BRS Soberana, BRS Conai, IAPAR 9, Lineage L05 - A6, BRS Maravilha, Lineage L03 - 107, BRS Sertaneja, IAPAR 63, BRS Colosso, Lineage L06 - 2, BRS MG Caravela, ANA 9001, BRS Pepita, BRS Talento, BRS Serra Dourada, BRS MG Curinga, IAPAR 64 IPR 177, Lineage L06 - 1, BRS Monarca, AN Cambará e IAPAR 117. The milhet AMN 17 and maize BRAS 3010 were used as the standard of resistance and susceptibility, respectively. Naturally infested soils were used in the experiments, they were obtained from different areas, one from a crop of soybeans with a history of infestation of P. brachyurus and the other from sugarcane, with P. zeae. These soils were placed in of ruts with 1 L capacity and, initially, corn was cultured for 90 days, determining the initial population of nematodes. Later, rice genotypes were sowing, determining the factor of reproduction after 90 days of germination. Each experiment was repeated in two distinct periods. All genotypes were susceptible to P. brachyurus, but only in the second experiment there was observed a statistical difference, showing different degrees of susceptibility, whereas genotypes Lineage L03 - 107 and Cateto Amarelo had a population higher than the standard corn, with reproduction factors (RF) equal to 8.80 and 9.48, respectively. For P. zeae, first experiment done also showed different degrees of susceptibility, in which genotypes: Lineage L03 - 107 and IAPAR 9 showed RF higher than the other genotypes, including the standard corn, equal to 8.99 and 6.54, respectively. In the second experiment, all genotypes showed RFmenor1, including the standard corn, possibly due to low temperatures during the experimental period. Brod-sense heritability for both nematodes shoved low values, indicating higher environmental effect on the phenotypic variability, with low genetic variability of studied genotypes O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) é considerado uma das plantas alimentícias mais antigas utilizadas pelo homem, constituindo-se em um dos cereais mais produzidos no mundo. Contudo, diversos patógenos podem ser limitantes à produção desta cultura, dentre eles os nematoides das lesões radiculares (Pratylenchus spp.), que se encontram disseminados por praticamente todas as regiões agrícolas do país. Dentre os métodos de controle, que visam reduzir a população destes organismos, cita-se o uso de variedades resistentes, porém há carência de informações a respeito da reação de genótipos de arroz aos nematoides do gênero Pratylenchus. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de genótipos de arroz a Pratylenchus brachyurus e P. zeae. Foram avaliados os materiais: Cateto Amarelo, BRS Primavera, Riccetec Ecco CL, BRS Bonança, BRS Soberana, BRS Conai, IAPAR 9, Linhagem L05 - A6, BRS Maravilha, Linhagem L03 - 107, BRS Sertaneja, IAPAR 63, BRS Colosso, Linhagem L06 - 2, BRS MG Caravela, ANA 9001, BRS Pepita, BRS Talento, BRS Serra Dourada, BRS MG Curinga, IAPAR 64, IPR 177, Linhagem L06 - 1, BRS Monarca, AN Cambará e IAPAR 117. O milheto AMN 17 e o milho BRAS 3010 foram usados como padrão de resistência e suscetibilidade, respectivamente. Nos experimentos utilizaram-se solos naturalmente infestados, obtidos de distintas áreas, uma de cultivo de soja com histórico de infestação de P. brachyurus e a outra de cana-de-açúcar, com P. zeae. Os solos foram depositados em vasos de 1 L e, inicialmente, cultivou-se milho por 90 dias, determinando-se a população inicial de nematoides. Posteriormente, realizou-se a semeadura, determinando-se o fator de reprodução após 90 dias da germinação. Cada experimento foi repetido em dois períodos distintos. Todos os genótipos foram suscetíveis a P. brachyurus, porém, somente no segundo experimento houve diferença estatística, demonstrando diferentes graus de suscetibilidade, sendo que os genótipos Linhagem L03 - 107 e Cateto Amarelo tiveram população superior à testemunha, apresentando fator de reprodução (FR) igual a 8,80 e 9,48, respectivamente. Para P. zeae, o primeiro experimento realizado também demonstrou diferentes graus de suscetibilidade, sendo que os genótipos: Linhagem L03 - 107 e IAPAR 9 apresentaram FR superior aos demais genótipos, inclusive superior à testemunha, sendo estes igual à 8,99 e 6,54, respectivamente. Já no segundo, todos os genótipos apresentaram FR menor 1, inclusive a testemunha, possivelmente devido às baixas temperaturas no período de condução do experimento. Quanto à herdabilidade, para ambos os nematoides foi verificado elevado efeito do ambiente na manifestação da variabilidade fenotípica observada, com baixa variabilidade genética dos genótipos estudados. xii, 62 f

The distribution of important plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes in the cereal production areas of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) of Turkey was investigated with systematic surveys. Two important plant-parasitic nematode groups were found widely distributed; cereal-cyst nematodes (78.3%) and root-lesion nematodes (42.6%). Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) were identified as Heterodera filipjevi in 18 provinces. Heterodera latipons was found in only one province. Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus were the most widely distributed species of root-lesion nematodes. Other frequently recorded plant-parasitic nematodes belonged to the genera Geocenamus (52.4%), Pratylenchoides (35.6%), Helicotylenchus (29.7%) and Paratylenchus (19.2%). Konya on the southern CAP had a significantly high incidence of P. neglectus as well as free-living nematodes. The incidence of CCN was greatest in areas of sandy soils on the CAP, with densities of up to 95 cysts (100 g soil)−1. Population densities of Geocenamus, Pratylenchus and Pratylenchoides were high in some locations. Soil physicochemical properties were investigated for their relationship to nematode distribution. There was a slight positive correlation of P. thornei and clay content; conversely, there was a significant negative correlation of P. neglectus with clay and a positive correlation with sand. Electrical conductivity (EC) was positively correlated with P. neglectus. Nematodes in the genera Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus, Trophurus and Tylenchorhynchus were only recorded at low population densities in the sampled area. By contrast, nematodes in the genera Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Ditylenchus, Dorylaimus, Tylenchus and bacterivorous genera had relatively high populations. Total free-living nematodes were positively correlated with EC and zinc (Zn) concentration. The Zn content of soil was generally at a level deficient for plant growth.

[PT] Estudou-se o efeito do cultivo prévio de leguminosas sobre a produtividade e lucratividade da cana-de-açúcar. Foram determinados a produtividade de biomassa, o acúmulo de nutrientes das leguminosas, a ocorrência natural de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, bem como o efeito das leguminosas sobre a população de nematoides do gênero Pratylenchus à cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Piracicaba (SP), Brasil, em solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, utilizando-se a cultivar de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) IAC87-3396. As avaliações dos efeitos do cultivo prévio das leguminosas foram realizadas durante cinco cortes consecutivos. Os tratamentos consistiram do cultivo prévio das leguminosas: Amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L) - cultivares IAC-Tatu e IAC-Caiapó, crotalária júncea IAC 1 (Crotalaria juncea L) e mucuna preta [Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Holland], e um tratamento-testemunha. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. A leguminosa mais produtiva de biomassa seca (parte aérea+raízes) foi a crotalária júncea IAC 1 (10.264 kg ha-1), seguida da mucuna preta (4.391 kg ha-1) e dos amendoins, IAC-Caiapó (3.177 kg ha-1) e IAC-Tatu (1.965 kg ha-1). O amendoim IAC-Caiapó e a mucuna preta foram as espécies mais infectadas por fungos micorrízicos. O amendoim, independente da cultivar, foi a leguminosa que mais reduziu a infestação de Pratylenchus spp. na cana-de-açúcar. Após cinco cortes da cana-de-açúcar o melhor desempenho foi notado no tratamento com cultivo prévio de crotalária júncea IAC 1, o qual promoveu incrementos de 30% e 35% na produtividade de colmos e de açúcar respectivamente e o melhor desempenho econômico., [EN] The research aimed to evaluate and characterize the biomass of leguminous residues, the natural arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus occurrence and the effect of leguminous on the nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) in sugarcane crop. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The soil was classified as Paleudalf and the sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivar was IAC87-3396. The effects of previous cultivation of legumes were evaluated for five consecutive harvests. The treatments consisted of previous cultivation of legumes: peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars IAC-Tatu and IAC-Caiapó, sunn hemp IAC 1 (Crotalaria juncea L.) and velvet-bean [Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Holland], and a control treatment. We adopted the randomized block design with five replications. The legume most productive was sunn hemp IAC 1 with 10.264 kg ha-1, followed by velvet-bean with 4.391 kg ha-1 and peanuts IAC-Caiapó and IAC-Tatu with 3.177 kg ha-1 and 1.965 kg ha-1, respectively. The peanut IAC-Caiapó and velvet bean were the leguminous crops that resulted in the greater percentage of AM fungus. The lowest population of Pratylenchus spp. was found in the treatments with peanut IAC-Tatu and IAC-Caiapó. After five harvests, sunn hemp was the leguminous crop that induced the greatest sugarcane yield, with 30% increase in cane yield and 35% in sugar yield., Ao CNPq pelo apoio (bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa do primeiro autor).

Se describen los nematodos fitoparásitos filiformes en suelo del Rancho Agrícola 'El Copal', de la División Ciencias de la Vida, del Campus Irapuato- Salamanca de la Universidad de Guanajuato. Los cultivos analizados fueron maíz, sorgo, ajo, alfalfa, fresa y trigo. Se colectaron 80 muestras utilizándose el muestreo de superficies extensivas para nematodos. El método de extracción utilizado fue el de tamizado-centrifugado flotación en azúcar. Los nematodos que se encontraron en mayor promedio de población por 100 g de suelo (x) y su coeficiente de variación (CV) fueron: Helicotylenchus spp. (x=19, CV=71.8%), Pratylenchus spp. (x=15, CV=57.7%) y Tylenchus spp. (x=13, CV=64.9%). Se caracterizó la especie Pratylenchus thornei en el cultivo de trigo.

Soja je sve prisutnija poljoprivredna kultura koja zbog svog sastava sjemena i široke namjene ima sve veću potražnju na tržištu. Zbog tog je sve intenzivnija proizvodnja ove poljoprivredne kulture, te to dovodi do pojave raznih bolesti i štetnika, posebno biljno parazitnih nematoda. Biljno parazitne nematode su od velikog značaja, jer mogu uzrokovati gubitak usjeva i do 100%. Najznačajnija nematoda na soji je Heterodera glycines Ichinohe koja je kod nas na listi karantenskih štetnika, te nematoda korijenovih guka Meloidogyne spp. i nematode smeđe pjegavosti korijena iz roda Pratylenchus spp. Pokus je postavljen na Poljoprivrednom Institutu u Osijeku iz pokusa na soji uzeti su uzroci nematološkom sondom u četiri ponavljanja kod tri sorte Ika, Podravka 95 I Tisa. Izdvajanja nematoda iz tla obavljeno je Seinhorstovom metodom tzv. ˝metodom boca˝. Pokus se provodio tijekom tri mjeseca (lipnja, srpnja i rujna). Rezultati su pokazali da je najveća brojnost nematoda i lipnju i rujnu, a najmanja u srpnju te da je sorta Tisa najpogodniji domaćin za razvoj nematoda. Najbrojnije nematode pripadale su rodu Pratylenchus, odnosno nematodama smeđe pjegavosti korijena. Međutim ni kod jednog roda nije utvrđen ekonomski prag štetnosti, ali nematode roda Pratylenchus su blizu prelaska praga ekonomske štetnosti pa bi trebalo nastaviti pratiti populaciju ovih štetnika, kako bi pravovremeno mogli primijeniti mjere zaštite soje.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ar_dr_jabo.pdf: 1487847 bytes, checksum: 2afc8af98e0701cb3f7670e55d76e07d (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A reação de ‘HPC 7 B’, ‘Lady Rosetta’, ‘Ágata’, ‘Cupido’, ‘Monalisa’, ‘Panda’, ‘Itararé’, ‘Asterix’, ‘Capiro’, ‘Atlantic’, ‘Mayor’ e ‘Canchan’ a Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. mayaguensis foi avaliada em casa de vegetação. Um novo método in vitro para testar a reação de genótipos de batata à M. javanica foi desenvolvido utilizando mini-tubérculos enraizados. Avaliou-se a reação de ‘HPC 1 B’, ‘HPC 6 B’, ‘HPC 7 B’, ‘Ágata’ e ‘Cupido’ a M. javanica e a produção de inóculo em função da densidade do inóculo e do período de incubação. Coletaram-se 168 amostras de tubérculos nas principais regiões produtoras do País para levantar os fitonematóides associados e caracterizar os sintomas. Os genótipos avaliados hospedam M. incognita, M. javanica e M. mayaguensis. A reação in vitro confirma esses resultados. Minitubérculos suportam os fitonematóides por até 180 dias, com produção média máxima estimada em 15.990 ovos por frasco. Foram encontradas Meloidogyne arenaria no Sul de Minas e Rio Grande do Sul (3,5% das amostras), M. incognita em 10% (exceto no Sul do País) e M. javanica em todas as regiões amostradas (50%), causando como principal sintoma em tubérculo e raízes, caroços protuberantes, que dão a superfície aspecto áspero. Identificou-se também Pratylenchus brachyurus em 40% das amostras (exceto no Rio Grande do Sul), P. coffeae em 2,4% (Triângulo Mineiro, Sul de Minas e São Paulo) e P. penetrans (3%), em São Paulo, causando lesões em forma de pontos necróticos, deprimidos, na superfície do tubérculo. Encontrou-se Helicotylenchus dihystera em todas as regiões amostradas (49%). Conquanto esse fitonematóide seja um ectoparasito migrador, as amostras tenham sido constituídas de tubérculos lavados e nenhum sintoma específico foi observado, essa alta freqüência... The reaction of ‘HPC 7 B’, ‘Lady Rosetta’, ‘Ágata’, ‘Cupido’, ‘Monalisa’, ‘Panda’, ‘Itararé’, ‘Asterix’, ‘Capiro’, ‘Atlantic’, ‘Mayor’ and ‘Canchan’ to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis was evaluated at greenhouse. A new in vitro method to test the reaction of these genotypes to M. javanica was developed using rooted mini-tubers. Were evaluated the reaction of ‘HPC 1 B’, ‘HPC 6 B’, ‘HPC 7 B’, ‘Ágata’ and ‘Cupido’ to M. javanica and the inoculum production in terms of density of inoculum and the period of incubation. Were collected 168 samples from symptomatic tubers in the Brazil main producing regions (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo), to raise the species of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the crop and to characterize the symptoms. All the genotypes host M. incognita, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis. The in vitro reaction confirms these results. Mini-tubers support the plant parasitic nematodes for up to 180 days, with maximum production of 15,990 eggs per pot. Meloidogyne arenaria was found in Sul de Minas and Rio Grande do Sul (3.5% of samples), M. incognita by 10% (except in the Sul) and M. javanica in all regions sampled (50%), causing knot a major symptom in tuber and roots, giving the surface looks rough. It was also Pratylenchus brachyurus in 40% of the samples (except in Rio Grande do Sul), P. coffeae at 2.4% (Triângulo Mineiro, Sul de Minas and São Paulo) and P. penetrans (3%), in São Paulo, causing lesions in the form of pointed depressed necrotic on the surface of the tuber. Helicotylenchus dihystera was found in all regions sampled (49%). Since the samples consist of tubers have been washed, this plant parasitic nematode is a migratory ectoparasite and no specific symptom was observed, this high frequency requires a more accurate study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue correlacionar las características físico-químicas del suelo con el pe so de raíces y su número de nematodos en banano. Se emplea ron muestras pa rea das de cinco hectárea s de banano en una plantación comercia l del Ecuador en el 2006. En 120 unidades de producción se tomaron las muestras de raíces y suelo. Se hizo análisis físico y químico del suelo y sus valores se correlacionaron con pe so de raíz total, funcional y número de nematodos presentes en las raíces de banano. De las varia bles de suelo estudia das, cuatro se asocia ron con pe so de raíz total, nueve con el de raíz funcional, cinco con el número de Radopholus similis, sei s con el de Helicotylenchus spp ., cuatro con el de Pratylenchus spp . y nueve con el de nematodos totales. De las características físicas (contenidos de arena, limo y arcilla) estudia das, un 50 % correlacionaron ya fuera con el pe so de raíces o número de nematodos, mie ntras de las químicas, solamente se encontró correlación en 15 % de las relaciones estudiadas. A pesar de la significancia estadística, el valor de correlación fue bajo o muy bajo, con un máximo de r= 0,53; p < 0,0001 pa ra el contenido de arena y número de nematodos totales. Los resultados sugie ren futuros estudios en dos línea s: el efecto de la nutrición en el número y daño de los nematodos y el efecto de los nematodos en la absorción de nutrie ntes.

Las enfermedades son un componente de significación en la producción agrícola actual porque pueden reducir el rendimiento potencial o causar devastación en los cultivos de plantas; y la extensión y severidad de sus ataques va unida a los cambios que se están produciendo en los sistemas de manejo que dan lugar a mejoras en el rendimiento o modificaciones en los ambientes de producción. El control eficiente de las enfermedades requiere necesariamente la determinación exacta, rápida e informativa de su etiología, incluyendo la evaluación de la historia y potencial evolutivo en las poblaciones del agente causal, así como de la composición y diversidad de la microbiota beneficiosa asociada con el crecimiento vegetal, que hagan posible la aplicación eficiente de las acciones de prevención en que se fundamenta el manejo sostenible de dichas enfermedades. Las tecnologías de base molecular y biotecnológica ofrecen una excelente oportunidad para mejorar nuestras capacidades para satisfacer dichos requisitos. En este trabajo se ilustran tales oportunidades utilizando como ejemplo los resultados alcanzados por el Grupo AGR136 ‘Sanidad Vegetal’ durante el desarrollo de programa de investigación llevados a cabo sobre enfermedades importantes en la agricultura andaluza., Las investigaciones del Grupo AGR136 referidas en este trabajo fueron financiadas por proyectos de: Fundación Areces; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (AGR89-0533-CO2-01, AGF92-0910-CO2-01, AGF93-0740-CO2-01, AGF95-0985-CO2-01, OLI96-2131, AGF97-14791, FD97-0763-CO3-01, 1FD97-1322-CO4-02, AGL2000-1444-CO2-01, AGL 2003-00640, AGL 2004-01231, HF2004-0096, y AGL2005-00751); Unión Europea (AGRE-CT90-0051, ERB CT96-2015, y QLK5-CT1999-01523); y Junta de Andalucía (Grupo PAI AGR-136).

Root herbivores and plant mutualists, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have a significant effect on the structure and dynamic of plant communities. Nevertheless, the interactions between the two groups of organisms in natural ecosystems are far from understood. We carried out an inoculation experiment to examine the effect of two root herbivores, Pratylenchus penetrans and P. dunensis (Nematoda), on the composition of the AMF communities associated with two populations of the dune grass Ammophila arenaria. The outcome of the interaction in terms of plant and nematode performance was also analyzed. The total percentage of AMF colonization was not affected by the presence of root-feeders, but they did alter the composition of the AMF communities inside the roots. These changes were dependent on the root-feeder species and the original AMF community: the most severe alterations were observed in the mycorrhizal plants from Wales attacked by P. penetrans. Plant growth was impaired in plants from Wales inoculated with AMF and P. dunensis, which suggests a highly species-specific synergistic interaction with negative consequences for the plant. Root infection by the nematodes was reduced in all mycorrhizal plants when compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. However, a significant reduction of the final number of nematodes was observed only in the mycorrhizal plants from one population. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7GVS-4SSP7BN-3/1/fa6c5c650a18615fab2d9cdc479ebf24

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marchiorato_ia_dr_jabo.pdf: 517282 bytes, checksum: f2d40c2e6db9d7a211f668d69642bc62 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O conhecimento da distribuição espacial dos nematóides nas lavouras é imprescindível para adoção de práticas de manejo. Nas grandes fazendas do Mato Grosso, pelo fato de não se ter uma informação precisa sobre as áreas infestadas dentro dos talhões, os produtores preferem não adotar nenhuma medida de manejo, já que, em função do custo e do ponto de vista operacional, seria inviável fazê-lo em toda a área. Com os mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade dos talhões ou partes deles, cujo potencial de produtividade está abaixo da expectativa, em função do nível da tecnologia de produção adotado, o produtor pode, na safra atual, certificar-se se os nematóides, problemas de fertilidade, combinações desses ou outras causas estão sendo os fatores limitantes à realização do potencial de produtividade do talhão. O presente estudo foi conduzido numa parceria entre o Laboratório de Nematologia da UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP e a Empresa Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola com sede em Rondonópolis-MT, com objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtido com imagens de satélite como instrumento auxiliar às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja. O mapa de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade da Fazenda Aimi, no Município de Rondonópolis, foi utilizado no estudo. As médias do potencial de produtividade nas áreas correspondentes às diferentes classes de potencial foram negativamente correlacionadas com as populações de Pratylenchus. brachyurus obtidas nas amostras de solo e raízes coletadas nessas áreas, confirmando que os mapas em questão são instrumentos auxiliares valiosos para a tomada de decisão sobre o manejo de nematóides. The knowledge of the spatial distribution of nematodes in crops is essential to adoption of management practices. In big farms of Mato Grosso, because of not have accurate information on infested areas within the plots, producers prefer not adopt any measure of management because, depending on the cost and operational point of view, it would be impracticable make it across the area. With maps of variability of the potential of productivity of the plots or parts of them, whose potential productivity is below the expectations, depending on the level of technology used in production, the producer may, in the current crop, make sure that the nematodes, problems of fertility, or combinations of both or other causes are the limiting factors to the achievement of the potential productivity of the plot. This study was carried out in a partnership between the Laboratorio de Nematologia of UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, and Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola Company based in Rondonópolis-MT, to evaluate the effectiveness of maps of the potential variability in productivity achieved with satellite imagery as a tool to assist decisions on the management of nematodes on soybean. The map of variability of the potential of productivity from of Fazenda Aimi in the county of Rondonópolis was used in the study. The averages of the potential for productivity in the areas corresponding to different classes of potential were negatively correlated with the population of P. brachyurus obtained in samples of soil and roots collected in those areas, confirming that the maps in question are valuable auxiliary instruments for decision on the management of nematodes.

Nematode smeđe pjegavosti korijena (Pratylenchus spp.) su biljni endoparaziti i prisutni su gotovo na svim oranicama. Oštećuju parenhim korijena te značajno mogu smanjiti prinos soje. U SAD-u, P. brachyurus uzrokovao je gubitak do 31% prinosa. U 2006. godini, istraživanja su obavljena na 7 sorti soje različite grupe zriobe. Cilj je utvrditi podržavaju li različiti genotipovi soje rast populacije Pratylenchus spp. Korijen soje obojan je kiselim fuksinom radi otkrivanja penetracije nematoda u biljno tkivo. U odnosu na početnu populaciju (Pi) u stadiju razvijanja nodija, populacija nematoda u korijenu svih genotipova soje višestruko se povećala tijekom vegetacije, te je najveći broj nematoda utvrđen u jesen, u vrijeme početka zriobe soje. Populacija ubušenih nematoda pri kraju vegetacije soje (Pf) iznosila je najmanje 284 nematoda g-1 korijena odnosno najviše 1110 nematoda g-1 korijena, ovisno o sorti soje. S obzirom na odnos Pf/Pi, nekoliko sorti soje značajno se razlikuje po brojnosti ubušenih nematoda u korijen. Ovim istraživanjem dokazano je kako su sve ispitivane sorte soje dobri domaćini za nematode roda Pratyenchus. Ključne riječi

Nematode smeđe pjegavosti korijena (Pratylenchus spp.) su biljni endoparaziti i prisutni su gotovo na svim oranicama. Oštećuju parenhim korijena te značajno mogu smanjiti prinos soje. U SAD-u, P. brachyurus uzrokovao je gubitak do 31% prinosa. U 2006. godini, istraživanja su obavljena na 7 sorti soje različite grupe zriobe. Cilj je utvrditi podržavaju li različiti genotipovi soje rast populacije Pratylenchus spp. Korijen soje obojan je kiselim fuksinom radi otkrivanja penetracije nematoda u biljno tkivo. U odnosu na početnu populaciju (Pi) u stadiju razvijanja nodija, populacija nematoda u korijenu svih genotipova soje višestruko se povećala tijekom vegetacije, te je najveći broj nematoda utvrđen u jesen, u vrijeme početka zriobe soje. Populacija ubušenih nematoda pri kraju vegetacije soje (Pf) iznosila je najmanje 284 nematoda g/korijena odnosno najviše 1110 nematoda g/korijena, ovisno o sorti soje. S obzirom na odnos Pf/Pi, nekoliko sorti soje značajno se razlikuje po brojnosti ubušenih nematoda u korijen. Ovim istraživanjem dokazano je kako su sve ispitivane sorte soje dobri domaćini za nematode roda Pratylenchus.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 calzavara_sa_dr_jabo.pdf: 571802 bytes, checksum: a2598276a148c9facfc38bedc5ba67f1 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Pratylenchus jaehni é o nematóide mais agressivo na citricultura paulista. A espécie foi descrita em 2001 com base em uma subpopulação coletada em um pomar de Itápolis-SP. Na presente pesquisa foram descritos e documentados os sintomas de plantas de laranjeiras adultas infectadas pelo nematóide, foi mensurada a resistência de seis porta-enxertos, assim como se estudou a faixa de hospedeiros do nematóide em algumas culturas e espécies de plantas daninhas. Em microparcelas, a campo, estudou-se a influência do nematóide, em níveis crescentes de inóculo, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas jovens de laranjeiras. As plantas infectadas pelo nematóide exibem baixa densidade foliar, folhas e frutos menores, crescimento retardado e, em casos de acentuado déficit hídrico, podem morrer. Nas raízes são observadas manchas necróticas características da infecção e acentuada morte de radicelas. Entre seis portaenxertos estudados o limoeiro ‘Cravo’ foi o único suscetível ao nematóide, sendo que a tangerina ‘Cleópatra’, o citrumelo ‘Swingle’, a tangerina ‘Sunki’, o Poncirus trifoliata e o citrange ‘Carrizo‘ são resistentes ao nematóide. Entre as culturas estudadas apenas o milheto, a soja, o milho e a Crotalaria juncea são suscetíveis ao nematóide. Aos 12 meses após a inoculação de P. jaehni em plantas jovens de laranjeira ‘Valência’, enxertadas sobre limoeiro ‘Cravo’, observaram-se reduções significativas de 22% na altura das plantas, 22,5% no diâmetro do caule, 20,4% no diâmetro da segunda pernada e 43,7% e 52,5% no volume da copa, aos 11 e aos 12 meses, após a inoculação, respectivamente. Pratylenchus jaehni is the most aggressive nematode for the citrus crop in São Paulo State. The species was described in 2001 on the basis of a subpopulation collected in an orchard of Itápolis-SP. In the present research the symptoms of orange plants infected by the nematode were described and documented. Also, the resistance of six rootstocks was evaluated, as well as the host range of the nematode crops and weeds. In microplots, at field conditions, it was studied the influence of the nematode in increasing levels of inoculum on the development of young plants of orange trees. The plants infected by the nematode show low foliar density, small leaves and fruits, smaller rate of growth and, under severe water stress they may die. Necrotic lesions on the roots, characteristic of the infection and death of feeder roots are observed. Among six rootstocks studied Rangpur lime was the only susceptible one to the nematode. Cleopatra tangerine, citrumelo Swingle, Sunki tangerine, Poncirus trifoliata and citrange Carrizo are resistant to the nematode. Among the plants species studied only the millet, soybean, maize and Crotalaria juncea are susceptible to the nematode. After 12 months from the inoculation of P. jaehni in young plants of orange trees `Valência', grafted on Rangpur lime, it were observed reductions of 22% in the height of the plants, 22.5% in the diameter of the stem, 20.4% in the diameter of the second branch and 43.7% and 52.5% of the canopy volume at 11 and 12 months, respectively, after the inoculation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gonzaga_v_dr_jabo.pdf: 2262058 bytes, checksum: 9f1c54256f73cca2fe58faf334cc3382 (MD5) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Os nematóides das lesões radiculares (Pratylenchus spp.) são considerados o segundo grupo de fitonematóides de maior importância econômica em todo o mundo. A morfologia e a morfometria das seis espécies mais comuns desses nematóides, no Brasil, a saber: Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. coffeae, P. jaehni, P. penetrans, P. vulnus e P. zeae, foram estudas aos microscópios óptico composto e eletrônico de varredura. Os dados foram analisados, também, por análise discriminante e análise canônica, tendo sido determinada uma equação da função de classificação para cada uma das espécies. Conquanto cada uma das espécies possa ser identificada por qualquer das ferramentas utilizadas, a análise morfológica, a análise morfométrica, assim como as análises discriminante e canônica devem ser consideradas ferramentas complementares no processo de identificação das espécies, aumentando a confiabilidade da identificação. Uma grade politômica ilustrada para identificação rápida dessas espécies foi elaborada. A técnica de multiplicação in vitro dessas espécies em cilindro de cenoura mostrou-se adequada para produção massiva desses nematóides, sendo que P. penetrans e P. jaehni foram as espécies que produziram, respectivamente, o maior e o menor número de indivíduos e ovos por cilindro de cenoura, aos 120 dias após a inoculação. The lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are considered the second largest group of plant parasitic nematodes of economic importance in the world. The morphology and morphometry of the six more common species of these nematodes in Brazil, namely: Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. coffeae, P. jaehni, P. penetrans, P. vulnus and P. zeae, were studied at the light and scanning electron microscopes. The data were also submitted to discriminant and canonical analyses and an equation of the classification function for each one of the species was determinated. Althought each one of the species can be identified by any of the tools used, the morphologic and morphometric analyses, as well as the discriminant and canonical analyses, must be considered complementary tools in the process of species identification, thus increasing the reliability of the identification. An illustrated polytomous key for a fast identification of these species was elaborated. The in vitro multiplication technique of these species in carrot cylinder was suitable for massive production of these nematodes. Pratylenchus penetrans and P. jaehni were the species that produced, respectively, the greatest and the smallest number of individuals and eggs for carrot cylinder, 120 days after the inoculation.

En: III Jornadas Técnicas del Aceite de Oliva, Madrid. Ed. INIA, Pp: 121-128., [ES] El uso de suelo y material de plantación libres de patógenos durante la propagación del olivo son medidas de lucha clave para prevenir las enfermedades causadas por patógenos de suelo transmisibles en material infectado y prevenir la dispersión de dichos patógenos. Por tanto, en este proyecto se ha investigado la detección molecular in planta de los patotipos defoliante y no defoliante de V. dahliae y se han estudiado diversas estrategias de desinfestación de sustratos viverísticos de olivo incluyendo la solarización de pilas cónicas de sustrato, enmiendas del sustrato con compost o la biofumigación con paja de sorgo. Además, se ha evaluado la eficacia de la termoterapia de plantones de olivo para controlar infecciones por nematodos fitoparásitos en el sistema radical de los cvs. Arbequina y Picual. Finalmente, también fue evaluado el efecto protector de las micorrizas arbusculares (Glomus intraradices, G. mossae, G. viscosum) contra infecciones por Meloidogyne spp. en plantones de olivo cvs. Arbequina y Picual. Se ha desarrollado un procedimiento basado en la nested-PCR para la detección in planta de los patotipos defoliante y no-defoliante de V. dahliae en plantones de olivo. Mediante el uso combinado de los iniciadores específicos de cada patotipo y diferentes protocolos de nested-PCR utilizando como molde ADN genómico total extraído de plantones de olivo, ha sido posible la detección consistente de ambos patotipos, tanto en raíces como en tallo de plantones infectados. La solarización durante 3 semanas de sustrato viverístico apilado (con una altura máxima de 40 cm) en Andalucía es apropiada para optimizar la producción de plantones de olivo libres de nematodos fitoparásitos. La enmienda del sustrato viverístico con residuos agroindustriales (p. ej. compost de corcho en proporción al 50%) puede ser una estrategia viable para minimizar las infestaciones de Meloidogyne spp. La biofumigación de sustratos conteniendo paja de sorgo (2% y 4% p/p) determinó una reducción significativa de la viabilidad e infectividad del inóculo de Meloidogyne incognita, independientemente de la concentración de sorgo y la cubierta con plástico. Los tratamientos de termoterapia (35-55º C) redujeron significativamente el crecimiento de los plantones en los cvs. Arbequina y Picual, independientemente de la edad de la planta (6-8 o 16-18 meses), y por tanto no son aconsejables para controlar infecciones de raíz por nematodos lesionadores. La inoculación de plantones con micorrizas arbusculares protegió a los plantones de olivo cvs. Arbequina y Picual de la patogénesis causada por Meloidogyne ssp. Este efecto de protección determinó un mayor crecimiento de las plantas micorrizadas e infectadas por el nematodo comparado con el de las plantas infectadas por el nematodo y no micorrizadas., [EN] The use of pathogen-free planting material and soil during olive plant propagation is essential for minimizing the effects of single or concomitant infections by soilborne pathogens during the early years of olive cultivation and for preventing pathogen spread. Consequently, in this project we have investigated the molecular in planta detection of defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae. Similarly, the potential of several soil disinfestation strategies as soil solarization of piled soil, amending of soil with compost or biofumigation with sorghum straw was studied. Similarly, the effectiveness of thermotherapy of olive planting stocks to control infections by plant-parasitic nematodes in root systems of cvs. Arbequina and Picual was also evaluated. Finally, the protective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomus intraradices, G. mossae, G. viscosum) was also tested against infections of olive planting stocks by Meloidogyne spp. A PCR-based procedure has been developed for the early and consistent detection of defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae in infected olive planting stocks. By the combined use of specific external and internal primers and different nested-PCR protocols it was possible the detection of each of the two pathotypes of V. dahliae both in root and stem tissues of infected olive planting stocks. Solarization of piled soil (at a maximum depth of 40 cm) in nurseries in Andalucia is appropriate for optimizing production of plant-parasitic nematode-free olive plants. Amending olive soil nurseries with composted agro-industrial wastes (i.e. dry cork compost) may be a viable approach for minimizing soil infestations by Meloidogyne spp. Biofumigation of substrates used in nursery production by means of sorghum straw (2 % and 4 % w/w) as amendment determined a significant reduction of inoculum viability and infectivity of Meloidogyne incognita, and V. dahliae irrespective of straw concentration and plastic tarping. Hot-water treatments (35-55 ºC) significantly reduced plant growth in both olive cultivars Arbequina and Picual, irrespective of plant age (6-8 or 16-18 months), and therefore are not suitable for the control of root infections of olive planting stocks by root-lesion or root-knot nematodes. Inoculation of olive planting stocks with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protects ‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina’ olives from pathogenesis caused by Meloidogyne spp. This protection effect determined higher growth rates in infected mycorrhized, plants compared with non mycorrhized infected controls.

ISHS Acta Horticulturae 586: IV International Symposium on Olive Growing, In countries bordering the Mediterranean sea, olive trees serve as host to a fairly high number of plant parasitic nematodes. Several of these nematodes are sedentary endoparasitic forms, many of which are recognised as pathogens to olive. Distribution, pathogenicity and host-relationships, are discussed. Currently, measures for practical nematode control in olive are limited to production nematode-free propagating material.