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Background: Both the development of various countries and people’s health were impacted by the unforeseen global COVID-19 outbreak. Many countries prefer to do their daily business online. Although it was incredibly useful at the time, it still had a problem that was not properly addressed, especially among the student population. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of upper extremity neural mobility among students who were using smart devices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 458 students who had previously taken home-based online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and used a smart device for more than six hours were included in this study. The study was conducted in three phases. After being examined in the first two stages of the study, a total of 72 people were chosen for the final phase. Peripheral nerve mobility tests were performed on these 72 subjects. Results: This study observed that 15.72% of smart device users have been affected by forward neck posture and impaired peripheral nerve mobility in the cervical spine. Conclusion: The study concludes that forward neck posture is associated with impaired peripheral nerve mobility among smart device users who were in home-based online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Hence, we suggest an appropriate treatment strategy focusing on preventing the forward neck posture through timely analysis and self-care therapies.

Introduction and Aim: The patients who have been suffered with stroke have severe balance problems, it is difficult to tell with certainty how balance performance in stroke patients is impacted by vestibular impairment. The study's purpose was to determine if oculomotor and gaze stability exercises may help post-stroke individuals improve their balance. Materials and Methods: This study includes all articles of various databases from 2000 to 2020 was included for study selection. The google scholar, research gate databases were comprehensively studied. 100 articles were searched and out of which 60 articles were selected to be assessed for eligibility in full text. Finally, 9 articles were chosen for inclusion and for analysis, although 7 of them did not match our proposed inclusion criteria. Results: Exercises for the vestibular system have been demonstrated to be effective for stroke patients whose balance has been compromised. Conclusion: The study finds that more high -quality experimental research on vestibular exercises and balance impairment after stroke is necessary because there is very little evidence from earlier experimental studies to draw firm conclusions about their effects.

BACKGROUND: In today’s fast-paced world, both men and women have to be equally competent to handle their responsibilities in order to look after their family members and children. In this pace of competency women tend to forget to take care of their own health and face many health issues, including pelvic floor dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the prevalence rate of pelvic floor dysfunction among the working women in regards to their age and body mass index as well as their quality of life. METHODS: One hundred sixty one post-partum working female participants from the medical fraternity were involved in this study after their consent was obtained. Pelvic floor muscle strength was assessed and their quality of life measured using King’s health questionnaire. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between the pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and its impact on the quality of life among the females with increasing age. Significant statistical significant difference of P(

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are one of the main causes of morbidity among healthcare professionals. It has various secondary consequences on productivity by diminishing the quantity and quality of work completed by the affected personnel, in addition to having a primary impact on the individual with pain and discomfort. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the overall prevalence rate of WRMSD among dentists, physiotherapists, and surgeons and also identify the commonly affected regions of the body about specific health care professions among each of the three professions, as recorded by the cross-sectional studies performed in various countries and regions of the world. METHODS: A systematic search strategy was framed following the PRISMA guidelines based on the present inclusion and exclusion criteria. A critical search of articles was conducted during June 2020 in CINAHL (DOAJ), PubMed, Google Scholar Scopus, PEDro databases and SAGE journals. RESULTS: Out of the 42 articles that met the eligibility criteria, there were 39 cross-sectional studies, 2 pilot cross-sectional surveys and 1 prospective cohort study with one-year follow-up. All studies included in this review used various survey tools for recording the demographic details and measuring the prevalence of WRMSDs and other outcome factors. CONCLUSION: We conclude that all three health care professionals (dentists, physiotherapists and surgeons) are highly prone to develop WRMSDs with surgeons and dentists being more vulnerable when compared to physiotherapists. The lower back and neck are identified as the two most commonly affected regions among all three professionals.

BACKGROUND: Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive stress. Burnout weakens the energy of an individual which reduces productivity and leaves this individual helpless, hopeless, cynical, and resentful. Thus, an early diagnosis of this syndrome has to be done and ways to prevent the level of progression and complication of burnout syndrome has to be planned. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of self-supervised Jacobson’s relaxation technique along with Bhastrika Pranayama in reducing the level of burnout among the work-from-home IT professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Thirty participants with burnout syndrome were randomly divided into two groups (15 participants in each group) using random allocation. The experimental group received Jacobson’s relaxation technique along with Bhastrika Pranayama, whereas the control group received diaphragmatic breathing exercises and chest expansion exercises. Pre-test and post-test values using Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to interpret the results. RESULTS: Data collected were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. It shows that there is a significant reduction in the level of burnout in the experimental group when compared to the control group at a p-value of 0.001. CONCLUSION: From the results, it is concluded that Jacobson’s relaxation technique along with diaphragmatic breathing exercises showed significant improvement in the reduction of burnout levels.

Introduction and Aim: Fatigue is the prodromal symptom occurring as the earliest symptom even before motor symptoms. It has been unidentified, which also proves to be an untouched symptom for intervention. Little has been understood how men and women feel fatigued. The objective of this study is to find the correlation between fatigue and quality of life among men and women with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Materials and Methods: Recommended scale for fatigue as fatigue severity score and a biomarker salivary cortisol was correlated against the quality-of-life questionnaire as PDQ-39 among 25 PD male and female patients. Results: Females are found to show significantly higher values compared to males in PDQ and salivary cortisol. F values are significant for PDQ and salivary cortisol only (p < 0.01) when compared to the H/Y scale (‘r’ = 0.420). Conclusion: Females reported more fatigue and poor quality of life. Salivary cortisol can be a useful biomarker to measure and infer the level of fatigue which had been only feeling reported by the patients until now.

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is the second most debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the functional activities in day-to-day life. The motor and non-motor symptoms have shown to be a huge functional loss for the subject which has led to compromise their independence. There are varieties of treatment programs proposed as pharmacological, surgical, rehabilitation, allied therapies but none have proven to be the disease modifying treatments in managing the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease patients. Research has shown that discontinuity in the treatment and diminished effects of treatments have drained care givers physically, emotionally, and financially. In this study we explore the available physiotherapy treatment strategies highlighting the research gaps in articles (n=36). The articles were taken from the databases such as PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar by considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Though the present research has shown to be significant in improving the motor and non-motor symptoms there are still unanswered questions on the rehabilitation protocols whether they can modify the disease and improve the quality of life among Parkinson’s disease in long term. Exercise have proven to be beneficial, cost effective and low risk which improves the overall health and independence of the patient, however, the mechanism involved are less understood.

Dizziness and vertigo are common among the adult and elderly population. However, the knowledge & awareness of vertigo and the understanding of the differences between vertigo and dizziness in the adult population is seldom studied. The present study aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of vertigo among the adult population living in Selangor, Malaysia. In addition, the study also focused on the participants’ knowledge of differentiating dizziness and vertigo. This cross-sectional study received responses from 189 participants who were in the age range between 20 and 40 years among which 152 participants' responses met the inclusion criteria. A self-developed validated online questionnaire was used as a study tool to understand the awareness and knowledge of vertigo among the participants. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 28) to obtain frequency and percentages. The results of the present study showed that 57.9% of participants had an average level of awareness of vertigo. Further, 55.3% disagreed that vertigo is the same as dizziness however only 6.6% of the participants were exactly able to identify the differences between vertigo and dizziness. The present study concludes an average level of awareness and knowledge of vertigo among most young adults of Selangor, Malaysia. However, the ability to differentiate vertigo from dizziness was very low among the participants, demonstrating a gap in their knowledge of vertigo. Hence, education about vertigo among the public must be ameliorated. Further studies are required on different age groups and within the other states of Malaysia.

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) affects women's quality of life because the pelvic floor muscles are unable to contract and relax properly. Kegel exercise is the first line of treatment for PFD, while vaginal cones with weights have recently been used for pelvic floor strengthening. When compared to alternative treatments, various studies have evaluated the effectiveness of vaginal weights or cones in treating PFD. However, there are controversial conclusions reached when the effectiveness of vaginal weights is compared in various ways. The purpose of this study was determine the effectiveness of vaginal weights compared with other interventions in reducing the symptoms of PFD. Using various databases, an extensive literature search was conducted, and a randomised control trial examining the usefulness of vaginal weights in PFD was identified. PRISMA guidelines were used to synthesize the data. The risk of bias tools were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Results suggest that vaginal cones are effective in treating PFD. However, when it was compared with other treatment modalities, no significant differences were found. Hence, the results are equivocal and cannot be generalized.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 emerged as a serious pandemic in 2019 and billions of people were infected. Various precautionary methods were taken to contain the spread of virus such as social distancing, public lockdown, sanitation, and closure of schools and colleges. Many colleges started online classes to resume their syllabus and to complete the course curriculum. These evening online sessions resulted in late night sleep, long term mobile/computer exposure, and disturbed sleep pattern. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 online classes on morningness- eveningness personality and to compare it with different age groups, gender, and body mass index. METHODS: The cluster sampling method was used to collect the subjects from the total of 1153 adult college students, 897 subjects were selected based on the selection criteria and instructed to submit an online survey consists of the Morningness-eveningness Questionnaire and demographic and anthropometric data through mail, social media, or through a researcher by direct interview. RESULTS: The mean score for the 897 participants is 56.7, indicating intermediate morningness-eveningness personality type. On comparing the different groups, the youngest group (18–20 years) scored 4.23%(mean = 46.7), female subjects scored 6.13%(mean = 58.1), the underweight 2.67%(mean = 59.2) and overweight groups scored 2.89%(mean = 59.7) indicating definite eveningness. Among the 897 collected samples of the population 8.13%of the subjects experienced definite eveningness, 14.93%has moderate eveningness, 17.38%are under intermediate category, 22.4%have moderate morningness, and 37.11%have definite morningness. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with eveningness personality have high risk of developing mental illness, thus it’s important to determine the eveningness personality among student population to avoid serious complications in later age.

Background: Physical exercise has its impact at the molecular level and aids in healthy well-being of an individual. The current systematic review emphasis on the impact of physical exercise on the telomere length in cancer prevention through epigenetic mechanism. Evidences support the impact of physical exercise in alteration of telomere length through its influence in telomerase activity. The aim of the systematic review is to analyze the effect of physical exercise in remodeling the telomere length in cancer prevention in an epigenetic prospect. Material and Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic literature search covers articles ranging from the year 2010 to 2020. The Database used for literature searches are PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Google scholar. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used for search include ‘Cancer’ ‘exercise’ ‘Telomere length’ ‘telomerase expression’. The outcome variables include the telomere length, telomerase activity, telomere protein stabilizing gene expression status, Micro RNA expression status. Results: After exclusion of irrelevant articles 05 records are selected for final inclusion of the study and are analyzed using a Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and SANRA tool found to be at low risk of bias and moderate quality respectively. The findings suggest chronic exercise is found to modulate the genetic and epigenetic equilibrium by either up regulation of p53 and p16 expression and stabilizing the telomerase activity within the limits or by increasing the telomerase activity and stabilizing the p53 and p16 expression within limits and impact telomere length, thus maintaining the genetic and epigenetic equilibrium. Conclusion: Based on the evidences collected it can be suggested that chronic moderate intensity aerobic exercise in a lifelong practice shows beneficial effects in a dose-response manner in cancer prevention in a novel way by modulating telomeres through epigenetic mechanism.

Human milk has hundreds of milk proteins, which provides many benefits on breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is a mother’s gift to herself, her baby, and the earth, there is no substitute for mother’s milk. Milk protein is most important for baby’s growth, development and protects the baby from different illness. Colostrum is produced during early days immediately after child birth, which contains important nutrients and antibodies. Breast engorgement is a problem that is commonly encountered in breastfeeding mothers, which is to be addressed and treated to provide good milk proteins to baby, by relieving discomforts of lactating mothers. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria where the subjects are divided into two groups, which contain 15 lactating mothers in each group. The control group that is group-A was treated with ultrasound, and the experimental group that is group-B was treated with ultrasound and Taping Technique. The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the pre- and posttest intervention, and we conclude that the ultrasound therapy and Kinesio taping was effective in treating lactating mothers with breast engorgement.

BACKGROUND: Many countries adopted a complete or partial lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and various professions started to work-from-home. People who work-from-home experience constant stress which leads to burnout syndrome. Burnout can be defined as a chronic stress-induced occupational syndrome resulting in fatigue, decreased job productivity, and poor motivation towards the job. OBJECTIVE: This research work primarily focuses on exploring the prevalence of burnout syndrome among IT professionals who work-from-home and to determine the impact of burnout in different gender and age-groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using snowball sampling method 934 IT professionals were selected based on selection criteria, explained about the study processes, and instructed to submit an online survey consist of Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI) through mail, social media, or through a researcher by direct interview. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics were used to interpret the data. In 25–30 years age-group, men were affected (93%) less than women (94%) and also in 31–35 years age-group, men were affected (96%) less than women (98%). Overall burnout scores of men were 94% and women were 96%. Results indicate female IT professionals were more prone experience burnout syndrome than Male population. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it is concluded that 95% of the IT professionals are suffering from burnout, where women are more prevalent to burnout when compared to male. It is also suggested that an early, routine and frequent assessment of physical status, mental status and burnout syndrome is essential to maintain mental health.

Introduction and Aim: Therapeutic low-level laser therapy aids in managing pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal ailments. Its effect on peripheral nervous system and its function are not yet clearly studied. The study aims to analyze the neurophysiological effect of therapeutic laser irradiation on ulnar nerve. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy subjects with age groups between 20-30 years of both genders were recruited in this experimental study. The procedure was clearly explained to the subjects and informed consent was obtained. Random allocation was done to participants to either as laser group or sham laser group. All the subjects were positioned in supine lying with the irradiated dominant hand kept at 135 degrees of flexion. The electrode for recording was placed on the hypothenar muscle and the stimulating electrode was placed 4 cm away distally from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and was secured with tape. The subject's skin (electrode placement area) was degreased for proper transmission of laser. A 904nm diode laser was chosen to irradiate the ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus for 20 secs through the overlying skin. The laser delivered continuous energy at 4.0 J/cm². Antidromically action potential, peak to peak amplitude, onset latency, nerve conduction velocity were recorded before and after irradiation of the ulnar nerve. Results: The study revealed significant difference in peak-to-peak amplitude (P=0.0021) and distal peak latency(P=0.0100) but there was no significant difference in nerve conduction velocity (P=0.2738) between laser group and sham laser group. Conclusion: Low-level laser irradiation to the ulnar nerve resulted in increase in peak to peak amplitude and distal latency in this study. This increase corresponds to a decrease in sensory nerve conduction velocity and further studies may reveal its analgesic effects which can be induced in inflammatory conditions of the Nerve.

Introduction: World health organization recommends protective mask as a primary preventive measure to offbeat the Covid-19 pandemic There are many commercially available protective masks, in that N-99, N-95, and 3 layer surgical masks are com-monly used among peoples Prolonged usage of this protective mask can cause forward neck posture and weakness of cervical flexors muscles Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the influence of the protective mask on cervical spine dysfunction Methods: An observational study was conducted by screening 237 participants;in that 110 participants were enrolled for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria All these participants were categorized based on the type of protective mask and underwent forward neck posture assessment by using the Cranio-vertebral angle through Kinovean software and cervical flexor muscle endurance test Results: The mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle is 42 64 and cervical flexor endurance is 8 5 for the participants using N-99 protective mask, the mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle is 65 866 and cervical flexor endurance is 19 911 for the participants using N-95 protective mask and the mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle is 72 193 and cervical flexor endurance is 27 49 for the participants using 3-layer surgical mask Conclusion: The analyzed results prove that patients using N99 type of protective mask reported decreased cervical muscle endurance and Cranio-vertebral angle when compared to N95 and 3 layers protective mask Copyright@IJCRR

Ultrasound therapy is one of the commonest and most popular modality used for tissue healing, pain reduction, tissue extensibility and in inflammation by physiotherapists all around the globe. Various sensitivity tests on peripheral nerves are done with ultrasound therapy, yet conclusions are still skeptical, which makes it inconclusive in progressing the modality further into management of nerve disorders. This study aimed to analyze efficiency of therapeutic ultrasound in influencing ulnar nerve conduction velocity. To Analyze the effect of ultrasound therapy in altering motor nerve conduction velocity of ulnar nerve with two therapeutic frequencies. 40 healthy individuals were included according to the selection criteria and they were explained about safety and simplicity of procedure and informed consent was obtained. All the participants were randomly assigned into two groups as 20 in each group. Group-A was given ultrasound therapy at specific site of elbow to target the ulnar nerve with 1MHz frequency and Group–B followed the same procedure with 3MHz frequency. Pre and Post to ultrasound therapy application Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity (MNCV) of ulnar nerve were recorded for both the groups. The posttest mean of MNCV for forearm segment and arm segment for Group A and Group B showed statistically significant difference (P Value

Objective: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. Though the beneficial effect of exercise on diabetes is well established, specifically the relationship between the effect of exercises over pain and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic neuropathy has not been explored. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of exercise on pain and glycosylated hemoglobin in people with diabetic neuropathy. Methods: Total 64 sedentary individuals (mean age 57±5.11 years) with diabetic neuropathy were enrolled in an 8-week, supervised exercise program. Group A received proprioceptive exercise and Group B underwent flexibility exercises along with a resisted exercise program for both groups. The VAS and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at the pre-intervention and post-intervention (4 weeks and 8 weeks) as outcomes of interest. Results: Significant reductions in HbA1c and pain remained unchanged. Conclusion: The results from our current study suggests that proprioceptive exercises with flexibility exercises combined with resisted exercise are equally effective in reducing the pain as well as Hba1c level among the diabetic neuropathy patients

Objective: To investigate the association between dermatoglyphics and the DNA repair genetic variants in female breast carcinoma. Methodology: The distinct dermatoglyphic variables include ≥ six whorls, Finger ridge counts, A-B Ridge Count, ATD angle and Pattern intensity Index are analyzed for its association with the DNA repair variants namely XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC3Thr241Met, ERCC4Arg 415Gln, and ERCC5 Asp1104His. The statistical procedure used to analyze the frequency of association is odds ratio and relative risk ratio. Result:The results suggests that the relative risk is about 2 to 4 times with statistical significance for breast cancer and high risk group for the genes XRCC1 Arg194Trp, ERCC4 Arg 415 Gln, ERCC5 Asp1104His in their dominant model in both breast cancer and high risk group for six or more whorls, Pattern Intensity Index, A-B RC. Conclusion: It can be suggested that dermal ridges can be used as an effective biomarker of genomic instability in breast cancer.