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This research examines the way to a carbon-neutral future by looking at the integration of renewable vitality sources and vitality capacity advances in feasible energy arrangements. Through a multidisciplinary approach, enveloping information collection, numerical modelling, and scenario investigations, the study investigates the flow of transitioning vitality frameworks. The optimization of energy capacity capacities is educated by scientific models, uncovering that as renewable infiltration increments (20%, 40%, and 60%), optimal capacity capacities rise correspondingly (300 MWh, 700 MWh, and 1200 MWh). Situation investigations illustrate that higher renewable entrance and appropriately measured energy capacity capacities lead to significant diminishments in CO2 outflows (25%, 45%, and 65%) while keeping up positive financial reasonability. Sensitivity investigations confirm the vigour of the models, showing the versatility to varieties in key parameters such as renewable asset accessibility, energy capacity productivity, and capital costs. A comparative investigation against related work underscores the competitiveness and uniqueness of the proposed approach, emphasizing the noteworthiness of numerical modelling in optimizing energy frameworks. This research contributes profitable insights for policymakers, industry partners, and analysts committed to exploring the complexities of accomplishing a carbon-neutral future. The discoveries displayed here, together with those from different studies crossing worldwide vitality exchange, green hydrogen production, and urban arranging, collectively contribute to the broader discourse on economic energy move.

In the current study, the Sonogashira coupling reaction of danazol with aryl halides was carried out, yielding new aryl substituted danazol derivatives. The synthetic compounds were examined for anti-cancer potential on the HeLa human cervical cancer cell line, and they showed promising cytotoxic action. Synthesized compounds 2, 4 and 5 inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells, potentially making them effective anti-cancer drugs in the future. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the inhibitory impact of danazol derivatives on the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) target protein (1F9F). The docking results showed a significant inhibitory action against the cervical cancer protein (1F9F). The binding energy (ΔG) values of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 against the protein 1F9F were -8.01, -8.70, -9.43, -9.58 and -9.75 kcal/mol, indicating a high affinity of the synthesized compounds to bind with the HPV target proteins compared to their parent compound danazol (1). ADMET analyses of all derivatives have also been carried out., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a significant pest of brassicas and other cruciferous plants in warm regions worldwide. Transcriptome analysis is valuable for investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying the insect development and reproduction. De novo assembly is particularly useful for acquiring complete transcriptome information of insect species when there is no reference genome available. In case of Hellula undalis, only 17 nucleotide records are currently available throughout NCBI nucleotide database. Genes associated with metabolic processes, general development, reproduction, defense and functional genomics were not previously predicted in the Hellula undalis at the genomic level., Methods & Results: To address this issue, we constructed Hellula undalis transcriptome using Illumina NovaSeq6000 technology. Approximately 48 million 150 bp paired-end reads were obtained from sequencing. A total of 30,451 contigs were generated by de novo assembly of sample and were compared with the sequences in the NCBI non-redundant protein database (Nr). In total, 71 % of contigs were matched to known proteins in public databases including Nr, Gene Ontology (GO), and Cluster Orthologous Gene Database (COG), and then, contigs were mapped to 123 via functional annotation against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database (KEGG). In addition, we compared the ortholog gene family of the Hullula undalis, transcriptome to Spodoptera frugiperda, spodotera litura and spodoptera littoralis and found that 391 orthologous gene families are specific to Hullula undalis. A total of 1,913 potential SSRs was discovered in Hullula undalis contigs., Conclusions: This study is the first transcriptome data for Hullula undalis. Additionally, it serves as a valuable resource for identifying target genes and developing effective and environmentally friendly strategies for pest control., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the obturator nerve after its emergence from the obturator foramen is essential when undertaking an obturator nerve block effectively. This study was conducted to provide precise anatomical guidance of the obturator nerve block with surface landmarks in the inguinal region. Materials and methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 34 dissected embalmed cadaveric lower limbs to investigate anatomic variability of obturator nerve localization concerning bony/ligamentous landmarks viz. the pubic tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, and femoral artery as well as the adductor longus. Results The pubic tubercle and inguinal ligament were found to be the "least variable indicator" and palpable landmark for localization of the main trunk of the obturator nerve exhibiting lesser standard deviation of the mean distance from the obturator nerve exit. Among the soft tissue (vessel/muscle) parameters, the shortest distance of the adductor longus muscle from the obturator nerve exit was found to have the lowest standard deviation, thus making it the most reliable parameter for obturator nerve localization. Conclusion High anatomic variability in the obturator nerve's localization does exist, and this explains the difficulty frequently encountered in the application of regional anesthetic techniques. The pubic tubercle and inguinal ligament points were found to be the least variable and most reliable landmarks for localization of the main trunk of the obturator nerve., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Ranjan et al.)

Fractions were isolated from the leaves extract of Kalanchoe pinnata and subjected to scrutiny for their prospective anti-obesity properties. An array of preliminar y phytochemical, invitro antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition assays were executed, which discerned fractions F1 and F2 as the most effective fractions. These fractions were subsequently studied through invivo experiments, affirming that F2 as the most potent fraction. Further characterisation of F2 was conducted via HPTLC-Mass spectrometry (MS-MS n ) techniques. The outcomes demonstrated that F2 produced a notable anti-obesity effect in obese mice, reducing their body weight and lipid metrics, and leading to advantageous changes in their organs. An analytical examination of F2 revealed the existence of four principal compounds, which were subsequently subjected to insilico molecular docking and dynamic analysis, confirming their aptitude for binding to selected proteins. These findings imply that the utilisation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves could provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.

Characterization of the oral microbiota profile through various studies has shown an association between the microbiome and oral cancer; however, stage-specific determinants of dynamic changes in microbial communities of oral cancer remain elusive. Additionally, the influence of the intratumoral microbiota on the intratumoral immune system remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to stratify microbial abundance in the early-onset and subsequent stages of oral cancer and analyze their influence on clinical-pathological and immunological features. The microbiome composition of tissue biopsy samples was identified using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, while intratumoral and systemic immune profiling was done with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry-based analysis. The bacterial composition differed significantly among precancer, early cancer, and late cancer stages with the enrichment of genera Capnocytophaga , Fusobacterium , and Treponema in the cancer group, while Streptococcus and Rothia were enriched in the precancer group. Late cancer stages were significantly associated with Capnocytophaga with high predicting accuracy, while Fusobacterium was associated with early stages of cancer. A dense intermicrobial and microbiome-immune network was observed in the precancer group. At the cellular level, intratumoral immune cell infiltration of B cells and T cells (CD4 + and CD8 + ) was observed with enrichment of the effector memory phenotype. Naive and effector subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and related gene expression were found to be distinctly associated with bacterial communities; most importantly, highly abundant bacterial genera of the tumor microenvironment were either negatively correlated or not associated with the effector lymphocytes, which led to the conclusion that the tumor microenvironment favors an immunosuppressive and nonimmunogenic microbiota. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome has been explored extensively for its importance in the modulation of systemic inflammation and immune response; in contrast, the intratumoral microbiome is less studied for its influence on immunity in cancer. Given the established correlation between intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration and patient survival in cases of solid tumors, it was pertinent to explore the extrinsic factor influencing immune cell infiltration in the tumor. Modulation of intratumoral microbiota could have a beneficial effect on the antitumor immune response. This study stratifies the microbial profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma starting from precancer to late-stage cancer and provides evidence for their immunomodulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Our results suggest combining microbiome study with immunological signatures of tumors for their prognostic and diagnostic application., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Fungal infections are becoming one of the most common diseases in recent years, especially when it comes about dealing skin infections. Different drugs are available commercially with antifungal activity for topical application and are effective for treatment of mild to moderate fungal infections. However they lack dermal bioavailability due to their poor penetrability, and less retention at the site thereby resulting in poor efficacy. The remaining systemic treatment options available so far may cause adverse drug effects and many other complications. In recent years nano carrier based formulations promised to overcome the limitations of the conventional topical dosage forms. Lipid based nano carriers and their importance for potential use in delivery of antifungal agents for the treatment of superficial fungal infections have been well discussed in this review article. It comprises of different nano lipid systems involved in treatment of topical fungal infections, effect of different polymers on their size, stability, and their mechanistic action behind skin penetration and dermal retention of drug into deeper epidermal layers is also highlighted to depict recent efforts of researchers in this context. Further, the addressing of the disease by novel drug delivery systems for the efficacious treatment, status of clinical trials, novel commercial formulations available for use in dermal drug delivery and patents claimed/granted in the respective field have been discussed in detail., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The antiobesity potential of bioactive fractions derived from Annona squamosa was approached using a combination of in vitro, in silico and in-vivo studies. The study was analyzed to validate and select the potent bioactive fractions of A. squamosa leaves extract through in vitro and in vivo activities targeting obesity. The phytochemical properties of the bioactive fractions were investigated utilizing total flavonoid, total phenolic and total steroidal content. Further, in vitro antioxidant assays such as nitric oxide (NO 2 ), DPPH, ABTS, and Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) scavenging assays were performed whereas pancreatic lipase, Alpha-amylase and Alpha glucosidase assays were carried out for enzyme inhibition activities. The overall study revealed that fractions F2 and F3 had shown significant in vitro activities targeting obesity. The selected potent fractions (F2 and F3) were orally bio-screened for efficacy in MSG-HFD-induced obese mice at 80 mg/kg/bw. The invivo study confirmed that fractions 2 and 3 with a dose of 80 mg/kg/bw had a significant potency compared to obese control and standard for various parameters. Body weight and lipid metrics were significantly reduced, and histological examinations revealed considerable beneficial alterations in the organs of the animals. Further HPTLC MS-MS n was used to characterize and identify the major compounds in the potent bioactive fractions, which confirmed the presence of seven major compounds: Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin, β -sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Caffeine and Epigallocatechin gallate. An in silico model was then employed to determine the best binding activity of the identified compound towards the specific receptors targeting obesity, confirming the most effective docking score towards stigmasterol and sitosterol. The in vitro and in vivo studies of derived bioactive fractions of A. squamosa leaves extract revealed a possible therapeutic approach towards anti-obesity activity for the first time., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest. The author alone is responsible for the content and writing of this article., (© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Biomass to biofuels production technology appears to be one of the most sustainable strategies among various renewable energy resources. Herein, pretreatment is an unavoidable and key step to increase free cellulose availability and digestibility to produce green fuels. Various existing pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosics biomasses (LCBs) face distinct challenges e.g., energy consuming, cost intensive, may lead partial removal of lignin, complex inhibitors production as well as may cause environmental pollutions. These, limitations may be overcome with the application of nanomaterials, employed as nanocatalysts during the pretreatment process of LCBs. In this prospect, the present review focuses and summarizes results of numerous studies and exploring the utilizations of magnetic, carbon based nanostructure, and nanophotocatalysts mediated pretreatment processes along with their possible mechanisms to improve the biofuels production compared to conventional chemical based pretreatment approaches. Furthermore, different aspects of nanomaterials based pretreatment methods with their shortcomings and future prospects have been discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The bioaerosols present in indoor air play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans, therefore concern about their exposure is increased recently. In this regard, the present investigation described the preparation of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites (CH/CNF) for controlling the indoor air bioaerosol. The evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the composite system on culturable bacteria of the indoor air was done at different sites (air volume from 30 m 3 to 80 m 3 ) and in different size fractions of aerosol (<0.25 μm-2.5 μm). The composite system had high encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) and citrals content. A significant reduction in culturable bacteria of aerosol (from 6.23 log CFUm -3 to 2.33 log CFUm -3 ) was observed in presence of cellulose nanofibers and chitosan composites. The bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides sp., Pseudomonas otitidis, and Pseudomonas sp. Cf0-3 in bioaerosols were inhibited dominantly due to the diffusion of aroma molecules in indoor air. The results indicate that the interaction of diffused aroma molecule from the composite system with bacterial strains enhanced the production of ROS, resulting in loss of membrane integrity of bacterial cells. Among different size fractions of aerosol, the composite system was more effective in finer size fractions (<0.25 μm) of aerosol due to the interaction of smaller aroma compounds with bacterial cells. The study revealed that LGEO loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites could be a good option for controlling the culturable bacteria even in small-sized respirable bioaerosol., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The global oral healthcare sector has now woken to implement Dentistry 4.0. The implementation of this revolution is feasible with extensive digital and advanced technologies applications and the adoption of new sets of processes in dentistry & its support areas. COVID-19 has bought new challenges to dental professionals and patients towards their customised requirements, regular dental health checkups, fast-paced and safe procedures. People are not visiting the dentist even for mild cases as they fear COVID-19 infection. We see that this set of technologies will help improve health education and treatment process and materials and minimise the infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to understand the possible impact of Dentistry 4.0 for education and innovative care. This paper discusses the significant benefits of Dentistry 4.0 technologies for the smart education platform and dentistry treatment. Finally, this article identifies twenty significant enhancements in dental education and effective care platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic by employing Dentistry 4.0 technologies. Thus, proper implementation of these technologies will improve the process efficiency in healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dentistry 4.0 technologies drive innovations to improve the quality of internet-connected healthcare devices. It creates automation and exchanges data to make a smart health care system. Therefore, helps better healthcare services, planning, monitoring, teaching, learning, treatment, and innovation capability. These technologies moved to smart transportation systems in the hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Modern manufacturing technologies create digital transformation in manufacturing, optimises the operational processes and enhances productivity., Competing Interests: None., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Article by Gopalan and Misra is very informative and covers the current challenges arising due to COVID-19. Further, authors has attempted to explore the various socioeconomic and medical aspects affected during this COVID-19 pandemic. It starts with the economic issues, social impacts, cultural influences, and the health related national programs which are regularly getting impacted owing to the ongoing epidemic. The paper throws light on how the pandemic has strongly affected the jobs, businesses transportation, travel, and other sectors which ultimately influence the social-economic balance of the society. This has further led to the decrease in the GDP of the country. The daily wagers and the local business personnel are the most affected ones during this period., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On the behalf of all the authors in paper, I corresponding author hereby accept that there is no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an innovative mean of amalgamating medical devices and their applications to connect with the healthcare information technology systems by using networking technologies. We have explored the possibilities of confronting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by implementing the IoMT approach while offering treatment to orthopaedic patients. The data sharing, report monitoring, patients tracking, information gathering and analysis, hygiene medical care, etc. are the various cloud and connected network-based services of IoMT. It can completely change the working layout of the healthcare facilities while treating orthopaedic patients with a superior level of care and more satisfaction, especially during this pandemic COVID-19 lockdown. Remote-location healthcare has also become feasible with the proposed IoMT approach., (© 2020 Delhi Orthopedic Association. All rights reserved.)

Quinclorac (QNC) is an effective but environmentally persistent herbicide commonly used in rice production. However, few studies have investigated its environmental behavior and degradation. In the present study, we carried out microbial cultures in the presence of QNC to observe changes in soil microbiota and to identify species capable of QNC degradation by using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Pseudomonas was the dominant genus, and Pseudomonas putida II-2 and other species were found to be capable of mineralizing QNC as a source of carbon and energy. However, this degradation rate was slow, only reaching 51.5 ± 1.6% for 7 days at 30 °C on QNC + minimal salt medium. Achromobacter sp. QC36 co-metabolized QNC when rice straw was added into the mineral salt medium containing QNC, and a mixed culture of both strains could mineralize approximately 92% of the 50 mg/L QNC after 5 days of cultivation in the presence of rice straw, at 25-35 °C and pH 6.0-8.0. Non-phytotoxicity of tobacco after degradation of QNC by mixed strains was evidenced in a pot experiment. These results suggest that this mixed culture may be useful in QNC bioremediation and can be used as a bio-formulation for agro-economical and industrial application., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is used to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, but it is poorly quality assured. Quality assurance was performed in eight VL endemic districts in Bihar State, India, in 2014. Residual dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was sampled from walls using Bostik tape discs, and DDT concentrations [grams of active ingredient per square meter (g ai/m(2))] were determined using HPLC. Pre-IRS surveys were performed in three districts, and post-IRS surveys were performed in eight districts. A 20% threshold above and below the target spray of 1.0 g ai/m(2) was defined as "in range." The entomological assessments were made in four districts in IRS and non-IRS villages. Vector densities were measured: pre-IRS and 1 and 3 mo post-IRS. Insecticide susceptibility to 4% DDT and 0.05% deltamethrin WHO-impregnated papers was determined with wild-caught sand flies. The majority (329 of 360, 91.3%) of pre-IRS samples had residual DDT concentrations of <0.1 g ai/m(2). The mean residual concentration of DDT post-IRS was 0.37 g ai/m(2); 84.9% of walls were undersprayed, 7.4% were sprayed in range, and 7.6% were oversprayed. The abundance of sand flies in IRS and non-IRS villages was significantly different at 1 mo post-IRS only. Sand flies were highly resistant to DDT but susceptible to deltamethrin. The Stockholm Convention, ratified by India in 2006, calls for the complete phasing out of DDT as soon as practical, with limited use in the interim where no viable IRS alternatives exist. Given the poor quality of the DDT-based IRS, ready availability of pyrethroids, and susceptibility profile of Indian sand flies, the continued use of DDT in this IRS program is questionable.