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To assess the influence of virtual reality (VR) in parent acceptance of the pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) as a pre surgical care to the cleft lip and palate affected infants.Descriptive Cross sectional pilot study design was planned to assess the pre surgical management of the cleft lip and palate. Twenty parents/caregivers of the infants were randomly divided into two groups. Twelve participants received education through conventional education module (Group I) using verbal explanation supported by the photographs. Another 12 participants received education through customized VR based educational video (Group II). After the education, the parents were provided with questionnaire to assess the acceptance of the treatment procedure. The survey response rate was represented in percentage.The results of the study indicated that most of the parents were aware of the feeding plate or obturators as an aid in assisting feeding practices among cleft lip and palate affected infants. However, only 33% of participants in Group I were able to understand the doctor's explanation regarding the PNAM whereas 100% of participants in Group II were able to visualize the benefits of PNAM. These participants were willingly accepting PNAM as essential pre-surgical care.Innovative approaches are essential in patient education modalities as the success of any treatment outcome largely depends on the patient acceptance. Within the limits of this study, VR has been successful in the educating the parents and caregivers regarding the acceptance of PNAM therapy in cleft affected infants.

Aim This study was conducted to assess the ultrastructural morphological pattern of resorption in the hard tissues of the root of deciduous teeth at different stages of resorption. Material and methods 35 extracted deciduous teeth in different stages of resorption were collected. Standardized photos of the teeth were taken from all the aspects. The remaining root length (RRL) as described by the distance between the trough of the cervical line and the deepest point of resorption on the root surface was measured. Teeth were grouped into 4 groups based on the RRL. After surface preparation, the teeth were mounted in clear self cured acrylic. The teeth were then analysed for the ultrastructural morphology in different of stages of physiologic resorption using Smart SEM Version 5.05, Carl Zeiss NTS Ltd, Germany. Results Ultrastructurally stage 1 is characterized by the presence of individual isolated resorption craters in the apical region. They however increase in the number in the furcal region. As the process continues further along the different stages, these craters deepen, which at higher magnifications shows the lacunae housing the odontoclasts following a linear path of resorption. The pattern clearly describes single large odontoclast leading the path of resorption with other odontoclasts following the path in linear manner. Conclusion The cellular and ultrastructural changes are affected by the stages of resorption and each stage have the characteristic features that depict the resorptive process. Clinical significance This study provides the knowledge of comprehensive morphologic pattern which is characteristic of each stage of physiologic resorption.

Background Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common developmental anomalies affecting the craniofacial region leading to an array of problems including the inability to feed properly. Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of specially designed audio-visual module over traditional instructional module in improving the assisted breastfeeding habits. Methodology Sixteen patients received training regarding the feeding practices through the traditional instructional method, and 16 subjects received training through audio-visual module. Infants in both the groups received the standard care. These infants were followed up longitudinally for 6 months. During the follow up period, the growth parameters were recorded monthly. The knowledge, attitude, and practices of the mothers regarding feeding practices were assessed using KAP questionnaire. Results There was significant improvement in the knowledge of the mothers from baseline to 6 months, however, the practices indicated that the mothers belonging to the audio-visual module group showed better understating of the condition and earlier adaptation of the breastfeeding practices. Correspondingly, the growth parameters also showed significant difference. Conclusion The custom-made audio-visual module would help the mothers adapt better to the stressful situation following the birth of the infant affected with cleft lip and palate.

Introduction: Pattern of physiologic resorption represents the path of eruption of permanent teeth. It is essential to have thorough knowledge of normal pattern of resorption, so as to identify the deviation from normal which would help in early diagnosis and treatment planning. Aim: To assess the pattern, surfaces and extent of physiologic root resorption in deciduous incisors, canines and molars at different stages of root resorption. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted to understand the pattern of physiologic root resorption in the extracted deciduous teeth from June 2015 to December 2017. A total of 138 extracted deciduous incisors, canines and molars were included in the study. Remaining Root Length (RRL) was determined for all the teeth based on the standardised photographs. The teeth were divided into 4 groups with 3 subgroups each, based on the percentage of RRL. The measurements made on the photographs from buccal/labial, mesial, distal and lingual/palatal aspects of each group were used for assessing the pattern of resorption. Descriptive statistics, Frequency distribution and ANOVA were applied to identify the pattern of resorption and to compare the changes occurring within groups. Results: ANOVA indicated that incisors began with resorption on the lingual aspects having least mean length of 10.43 mm in stage 1 which further progressed to involve all the surfaces. The mean length of remaining root for stage 3 was significantly different across different surfaces with a p-value 0.0015 while it was insignificant in stages 1 and 2. The mean length of resorption for canines in stage 2 was significantly different across different surface with a p-value 0.0453 using repeated measures of ANOVA. The mean length was least for lingual surface of the root. Maxillary molars showed that distobuccal pattern and palatal of resorption more evident. The mean length of resorption for maxillary molar in stage 1 was significantly different across different surfaces with a p-value 0.0232. Similarly, mandibular molars indicated that distal root resorbed much earlier than the mesial root with all the 10 samples showing this pattern in stage 1 and 2. The mean length of resorption for mandibular molar in stage 1 and stage 2 was significantly different between two surfaces with a p-value 0.0005 and

Context: The prominent striae of retzius corresponding to the occurrence of live birth is known as the neonatal line (NNL). The very presence of this line indicates the exposure of the infant to the stressful event of birth. Aims: The study was aimed at locating the NNL in the developing primary teeth of the neonate and associating the presence of NNL to the occurrence of live birth. Materials and Methods: The donated bodies of the neonates were taken, and a surgical incision was made along the crest of the alveolar ridge in the maxillary anterior region, enabling the careful removal of the tooth germs from within the jaw segment. The maxillary central incisor tooth germs were embedded in acrylic and viewed under the stereomicroscope, polarized microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical Analysis: This being a pilot observational study, no statistical analysis methods were employed. Results: The NNL was best visualized under polarized microscopy and was clearly appreciated in the control samples and faintly seen in the 10-day-old neonate. No evidence of the line was present in the tooth germ of the stillborn child. Conclusion: The very presence of the NNL indicates that the infant was alive during the stressful process of birth. This can be used as substantial evidence in infanticide cases brought before the law.

Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 leading to respiratory symptoms associated with fever, cough, and respiratory distress, has been a major global concern leading to the declaration of worldwide lockdown This rapid spread poses many challenges to the health-care system and, at the same time, provides innumerable threats for the return to the routine services A part of the health-care system which would require many reformations in dentistry Saliva being saturated with COVID-19 virus poses a major risk to dental professionals because of the aerosols being produced during the procedures being contaminated with saliva and blood The disruption of dental services during the period of the pandemic may increase the burden of treatment requirements at a later period There is also a need to bring about policies and recommendations that focus toward the modifications in treatment protocols This article analyses the current situation and provides suggestions for modifications that provide effective infection control strategies in the prevention of nosocomial infection in dental settings

Rehabilitation of the mutilated primary anterior teeth in management of early childhood caries poses a major challenge to the Paediatric dentists. The article describes a novel technique of custom made indirect composite shell crowns along with a silicone positioner for easier, faster and accurate rehabilitation of such teeth. The custom made silicone positioner provided accurate clinical repositioning of the shell crowns indirectly prepared. The prepared restorations can be cemented with the resin luting cement. Not only is the explained technique faster, it also helps in restoring teeth with accuracy as the anatomic form and occlusion could be checked from the lingual aspect which is never possible clinically. This technique of restoration is mainly advantageous in rehabilitation of teeth in very young children. Apart from the advantages of indirect composite restoration technique over the direct composite restorations, the custom made positioner helps in simultaneous restoration of multiple teeth.

Introduction: Enamel is one of the most important structures of the tooth, both functionally and aesthetically. Because of the highly mineralized nature of enamel, its structure is difficult to study under routine light microscopy. Since scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offers the possibility of studying structures under very high magnification without altering the gross specimen, it is one of the best methods to study the enamel surface. Aims and Objectives: To study and compare the surface morphology and morphometry of enamel on various surfaces of permanent dentition. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 permanent teeth were analyzed under the SEM. In both anterior and posterior teeth, four surfaces – mesial, distal, labial, and lingual – in three thirds – cervical, middle, and incisal – were studied. In addition, the occlusal surface was also studied for the posterior teeth. The different prism morphology and prism dimensions were recorded. Results: Based on our observations, we could definitely identify striae of retzius, debris, and cracks under ×50 magnification. Three morphological patterns of prism arrangement were identified: Type 1 - shallow prisms, Type 2 - well-defined prisms, Type 3 - microporosities, on analyzing the mesial, distal, labial, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of the permanent teeth, at ×3000 magnification. The prisms were measured under ×6000 magnification and the results showed larger prisms in posterior than in anterior teeth. Conclusion: The study aided us in categorizing the enamel prism structure based on morphology and morphometry in anterior and posterior teeth of the permanent dentition.

Regional odontodysplasia is a rare nonhereditary developmental anomaly affecting dental tissues derived from both ectoderm and mesoderm. It has characteristic clinical, histologic, and radiographic findings. Although various factors seem to be associated with this condition, the etiology remains uncertain yet. Because of its characteristics findings, this condition is diagnosed easily but remains difficult to treat. Various schools of thought exist regarding the treatment. However, the treatment decision varies from case to case. The aim of this paper is to elaborate the condition with a review of literature and to discuss the controversies existing over the treatment options so as to provide successful treatment outcome.