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The continuous demand and fuel depletion in the automobile industries cause a reduction in fuel consumption, especially in a car which is a classic problem to focus on vehicle body design. The formation of drag force in the car body demands tractive force and significantly affects the engine performance and fuel consumption rate which is not advisable for enhancing aerodynamic efficiency. This paper discusses the methodology to reduce the fuel consumption rate in hatchback cars using a 'basebleed method'. The hatchback car model with and without basebleed is numerically simulated for the various speed to study the aerodynamic coefficients. The numerical simulation is performed with the k-ε turbulence model for predicting the wake region of both car models with and without basebleed. The numerical study witnessed the hatchback car model with basebleed arrived 6% reduction in the coefficient of drag (CD) compared to without basebleed, which results in a reduction of fuel consumption rate of up to 4.33 %. The research evidence that the stability of the car is not affected while using this basebleed drag reduction method and it is studied from the resultant parameters such as coefficient of lift (CL) and coefficient of side force (CS) and for the varying yaw angle (φ). Further, the research recommends the integration of basebleed at the underbody structure in Hatchback cars to improve the engine fuel consumption without affecting its stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials have gained widespread use in various industries, including aerospace, architecture, automotive, energy, infrastructure, marine and military, owing to their favourable combination of lightweight properties and robust mechanical characteristics. Their corrosion resistance to harsh environments, such as saltwater, acids, and alkaline solutions, further enhances their applicability. This study focuses on investigating the corrosion properties of Aluminium 6061 alloy reinforced with red mud particles. Aluminium 6061 matrix and red mud-reinforced composites are commercially available and widely utilized. Red mud, a by-product of aluminium ore refining, comprises a mixture of iron oxides, silicon, zirconium, titanium, and vanadium. In this research, red mud was employed to reinforce Al6061/alumina/graphite hybrid metal matrix composites, fabricated through the stir casting method with red mud content percentages of 3% and 7%. Cylindrical specimens were meticulously manufactured and machined to ensure uniformity. Subsequently, these specimens were subjected to immersion in concentrated hydrochloric acid for a duration of 96 hours, with periodic observations at 24-hour intervals. The weight of the specimens was recorded after each immersion, followed by drying in an oven for 15 minutes. Corrosion rates were calculated using established corrosion rate formulas. The results demonstrate that an increased percentage of red mud particles in the composites enhances their corrosion resistance compared to the base alloy. The corrosion rate of the alloy exceeded that of the composites. Consequently, this research suggests the practical utility of these composite materials in environments where corrosion resistance is paramount, advocating for the preference of composites over pure alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]