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The need for efficient heating and cooling systems in the automotive, aerospace, and chemical industries is driving the growth of heat transfer technologies. The hybrid nanomaterials are preferred over traditional nanofluids due to their exceptional thermal effectiveness. Keeping in mind the need for efficient cooling and heating systems, the thermal flow model based on the hybrid nanoparticles (GO-MoS2) immersed in hybrid base liquid $ {\textrm{C}_\textrm{2}}{\textrm{H}_\textrm{6}}{\textrm{O}_2} - {\textrm{H}_\textrm{2}}\textrm{O} $ C 2 H 6 O 2 − H 2 O is presented in this novel attempt by considering the influence of homogeneous–heterogeneous (H–H) reactions and Hall current with a magnetohydrodynamic effect induced by a vertical stretching sheet. A simplified examination is examined in the existence of solar radiation, mixed convection, and viscous dissipation. Suitable transformations provide the system of ordinary differential equations. Later, the solution is tackled numerically for the flow problems using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg process with a shooting technique. The role of influential parameters on involved distributions is discussed graphically and is explained logically in view of physical significance. Results reveal that, the thermal profile declines near convectively heated surface and upsurges away from the surface for incline in mixed convection parameter. An upsurge in the Biot number inclines the rate of heat transfer, but a contrary trend can be seen for escalating values of volume fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive systems that need exceptional apparent geometries, thermal packaging, or fluid additives. In passive procedures, a number of foremost efforts have been conducted. The passive methods are divided into two groups: geometry modification (e.g. nano/microchannels) and solid additives (e.g. micro/nano solid particles). In a recent development in microfabrication – the development of fabrication of minuscule buildings of micrometer measures – a variation of microstrategies including heat transfer have been industrialized. Viewing this, the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a free convective Casson fluid over an elastic stretching surface are numerically studied. Thermal radiation and non-Fourier flux are incorporated in the energy to balance the transformation. Similarity transformations are used to translate partial differential equations relating to momentum, diffusion, and energy into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting approach is used to achieve numerical solutions to these equations. The effect of various physical pertinent parameters including thermal radiation parameter, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, suction, curie parameter, thermal and diffusion buoyancy forces, thermal relaxation, stretching, or shrinking parameters on the concentration and temperature profiles is investigated. It is observed that the nonlinear case has highly mixed performance when compared to the linear case of temperature and concentration fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presence of a constant heat source and sink in each layer, the Non-Darcian Triple Diffusive Convection (NDTDC) problem in a combined layer that is horizontally infinite is examined. This composite layer is rigid and adiabatic in the lower enclosure of the porous layer and free as well as isothermal in the higher enclosure of the fluid layer. The thermal Marangoni number (tMn) for two cases of thermal boundary combinations (TBCs), case (i) adiabatic–adiabatic and case (ii) adiabatic–isothermal, is determined by solving the system of ordinary differential equations obtained following normal mode analysis in closed form. The effect of important parameters on NDTDC is studied in detail and illustrated visually versus the thermal ratio. It is noticed that case (i) is observed to be stable because the Eigenvalue obtained is higher than that for case (ii) and NDTDC can be postponed by making the upper boundary of the combined layer adiabatic and the same is augmented by converting the upper boundary of the combined layer to isothermal, as isothermal boundaries support early convections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis is carried out to study the two-dimensional stagnant point flow of titanium dioxide (T i O 2) -titanium alloy (T i 6 A l 4 V) /carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) water-based hybrid nanoliquid over an expanding surface characterized by the induced magnetic field (IMF). Further, the consideration of thermal buoyancy and the additional nonuniform heat source is involved in the modeling. The intent of this work has significant novelty due to the elastic deformation behavior over a stretching surface. The governing mathematical equations of the problem are reduced to a set of simultaneous ordinary differential equations and are elucidated numerically by employing the Runge-Kutta-Fehlbergs fourth-and-fifth (RKF-45) order process combined with a shooting approach. This article examines the properties of change in parameters on the functions including temperature profiles, induced magnetic field, and velocity profiles of hybrid nanoliquid, shown through graphs. The impact of the Elastic deformation coefficient reduces the temperature where as magnetic field enhance the velocity profile. Magnetic parameter boosts skin friction coefficient with an increase in the buoyancy effect. Momentum profile and induced magnetic field are affected most by the Magnetic Prandtl number [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]