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One of the leading causes of death for women worldwide is breast cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment can reduce the risk of breast cancer-related death. Cloud computing and machine learning are crucial for disease diagnosis today, but they are especially important for those who live in distant places with poor access to healthcare. While machine learning-based diagnosis tools act as primary readers and aid radiologists in correctly diagnosing diseases, cloud-based technology can also assist remote diagnostics and telemedicine services. The promise of techniques based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for sickness diagnosis has attracted the attention of several re-searchers. The 4 methods for the proposed research include preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. A Smart Window Vestige Deletion (SWVD) technique is initially suggested for preprocessing. It consists of Savitzky-Golay (S-G) smoothing, updated 2-stage filtering, and adaptive time window division. This technique separates each channel into multiple time periods by adaptively pre-analyzing its specificity. On each window, an altered 2-stage filtering process is then used to retrieve some tumor information. After applying S-G smoothing and integrating the broken time sequences, the process is complete. In order to deliver effective feature extraction, the Deep Residual based Multiclass for architecture (DRMFA) is used. In histological photos, identify characteristics at the cellular and tissue levels in both tiny and large size patches. Finally, a fresh customized strategy that combines a better crow forage-ELM. Deep learning and the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) are concepts that have been developed (ACF-ELM). When it comes to diagnosing ailments, the cloud-based ELM performs similarly to certain cutting-edge technology. The cloud-based ELM approach beats alternative solutions, according to the DDSM and INbreast dataset results. Significant experimental results show that the accuracy for data inputs is 0.9845, the precision is 0.96, the recall is 0.94, and the F1 score is 0.95., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Context Cardiac arrest occurring outside of a medical facility is a significant cause of death and disability worldwide. In developing nations, it accounts for a notable portion of total mortality, with only a small percentage of those affected surviving beyond the initial emergency department intervention. Despite the critical importance of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in these situations, there has been limited research on the effectiveness of audiovisual feedback devices in improving CPR performance among laypersons or non-medical caregivers. These caregivers, often untrained in advanced medical procedures, play a crucial role in the immediate response to cardiac arrest before professional help arrives. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the impact of such devices on CPR quality delivered by non-medical individuals. Aim This study aimed to determine whether the use of audiovisual devices would improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance among non-medical care providers. Materials and methods Using a multiple-choice questionnaire, an audiovisual aid-based prospective observational study (non-interventional observation study) was conducted at a medical college hospital in Kochi from June 2022 to February 2024. A minimum sample size of 66 was derived from pilot studies, with 95% confidence and 90% power. A total of 146 participants met the inclusion criteria (non-medical personnel of 18-50 years of age). After the exclusion of pregnant women and non-interested participants, the study participants were analyzed for the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a mannequin with the help of audiovisual devices. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, released in 2011). Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentage. McNemar's Chi-square test was applied to compare the CPR compression rates with and without the visual feedback device, and the kappa statistic was used to assess how consistently participants performed within the same compression rate category (less than 100, 100-120, or more than 120 compressions per minute) with and without the feedback device. Results The improvement in CPR quality, which was visualized as a green color in the CPR feedback device, was significant, with 109 participants (74.7%) showing good outcomes. The chest compression rate also significantly improved from 95 to 117 with the use of feedback devices (p -0.011, Kappa - 0.167) among non-medical care providers. While the kappa value suggests that some variability exists in compression rates when switching between with and without feedback, the overall improvement is still noteworthy. Conclusion The majority of participants (74.7%) were able to consistently maintain green light in the visual feedback watch, which means their chest compression rate was within optimal range (100-120/min) when using the audiovisual feedback device. This indicated that use of audiovisual devices significantly improved compression rates among non-medical care providers and effectively helped them perform high-quality CPR., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. ECASM-AIMS issued approval 2023-090. The meeting of Ethics Committee of Amrita School of Medicine was held on 24-02-2023 at 3 pm in the conference room on the 7th floor of the medical college building, with Dr. Prathapan Nair as chairperson. The following members attended the meeting: Dr. Prathapan Nair, Dr. Muralee Damodaran, Dr. (Mrs). P.G. Nayar, Mrs. Gita Rajagopal, Dr. Sudheeran K, Adv. Manju Paul, Dr. D.M. Vasudevan, Dr. Manuraj, Dr. Sreekumar K, Mrs. May Abraham, and Mr. V. Sivakumar. The Committee reviewed the submitted documents of the research protocol titled "Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and resuscitation training by using real-time audio-visual assisted devices" with Dr. Jerin Varghese, Department of Emergency Medicine, as the Principal Investigator and guided by Dr. Naveen Mohan. This is a questionnaire and audio-visual aid-based prospective observational study to be conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine at AIMS, Kochi involving consenting patients in the age group of 18-50 years and attended by non-medical personnel. The study subjects will be provided a briefing about cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The quality of such resuscitation performed shall be assessed with and without the use of audio-visual feedback devices, which includes a chest compression quality assessment watch. The participants shall also be provided with a questionnaire before and subsequent to the briefing to assess their knowledge about this topic. Enhancement of the quality of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation is expected in turn to enhance the survival of the patients in an exponential manner. No ethical issue has been observed, hence clearance is granted. A copy of the completed study shall be submitted for the records. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Varghese et al.)

Introduction: World over studies are being done by different group of workers to understand the time of deliveries conducted. Surprisingly majority of deliveries were following a pattern, seasonally. Today in this busy world, couples choose comparatively a free time for delivery and preparation for conception is done accordingly. Apart from these, it is clearly shown majority of deliveries are conducted during a particular season. We hypothesised that the change in semen quality during different seasons is responsible for this phenomenon., Materials and Methods: Present study conducted on semen quality included 12,408 semen samples collected from different laboratories of Bangalore city during 8 years (2000-2007) period of time and were analysed season wise., Results: Results showed sperm concentration was significantly lower in monsoon than in winter season. Humidity and pressure influenced sperm count. Forward moving sperms were influenced by temperature and pressure., Summary: The study concludes the change in birth rates seen during different season in a year is due to the quality of semen responsible for conception.

Heavy metals and microplastics are two types of general contaminants that can cause significant damage to water systems and organisms. However, the interaction of heavy metal ions with microplastic in aquatic systems received less attention compared with that of organic contaminants. This study aims to explore the interaction of copper (II) ions with microplastic (polyethylene) in aquatic systems. The adsorption experiments were performed by varying several operational parameters including equilibrium pH, initial Cu (II) concentrations, and contact times. The microplastic was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The results confirmed the porous nature of the microplastic surface and the existence of various binding sites. The maximum Cu (II) uptake by microplastic was recorded as 1.23 mg/g at pH 5, according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental isotherm data exhibited a good fit to the Toth model, followed by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations, according to the correlation coefficient and %error values. The pseudo-first kinetics equation showed a better fit to copper (II) kinetics data compared with the pseudo-second kinetics equation. Elution of copper (II) ions from copper (II)-loaded microplastic was attempted using several elutants, and the results indicated that 0.01 M HNO 3 performed well with elution efficiency over 99.5%. Thus, the elution experiments furnished proof that Cu-loaded microplastic may leach Cu (II) ions under rich acidic conditions, thereby aiding the transport of Cu (II) ions into the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Polyethylene microplastics showed potential to sorb copper ions. The mechanism was electrostatic interaction between microplastics and metal ions. Maximum copper adsorption by microplastic was recorded as 1.23 mg/g. Once desorbed, Cu(II) transferred into the digestive tracts of aquatic organisms., (© 2022 Water Environment Federation.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that poses a great challenge to the public health system of affected countries. Safe and effective vaccines are needed to overcome this crisis. Here, we develop and assess the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rhesus macaques. Twenty macaques were divided into four groups of five animals each. One group was administered a placebo, while three groups were immunized with three different vaccine candidates of BBV152 at 0 and 14 days. All the macaques were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 fourteen days after the second dose. The protective response was observed with increasing SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibody titers from 3 rd -week post-immunization. Viral clearance was observed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal swab, throat swab and lung tissues at 7 days post-infection in the vaccinated groups. No evidence of pneumonia was observed by histopathological examination in vaccinated groups, unlike the placebo group which exhibited interstitial pneumonia and localization of viral antigen in the alveolar epithelium and macrophages by immunohistochemistry. This vaccine candidate BBV152 has completed Phase I/II (NCT04471519) clinical trials in India and is presently in phase III, data of this study substantiates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates.

The sorption behavior of biochar derived from green seaweed ( Ulva reticulata ) toward arsenic(V) ions was explored in both batch and continuous modes. The pH edge experiments indicated optimum arsenic(V) sorption observed at pH 4, with maximum sorptional capacity of 7.67 mg/g through isotherm experiments. The kinetic experimental trials indicated that arsenic(V) sorption onto biochar was a fast electrostatic attraction process, with maximum removal occurred within 30 min. The sorption isotherms were modeled using the Toth, Redlich-Peterson, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models while the adsorption kinetics was modeled using the pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. The three-parameter models (Redlich-Peterson and Toth) better described the isotherm data, whereas pseudo-first-order model represented kinetic data well with low error and high correlation coefficient values. Among the different alkaline and acidic elutants investigated, the solution of 0.01 M NaOH effectively desorbed arsenic(V) from spent biochar. The feasibility of the biochar in continuous remediation of arsenic(V) from contaminated waters was explored in an up-flow fixed column. The biochar exhibited arsenic(V) removal efficiency and sorptional uptake of 59.5% and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. The biochar-loaded column was effectively desorbed using NaOH (0.01 M), with desorption efficiency of 99.5%.

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome., Methods: All consecutive hospitalized children (aged 1-14 years) with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome between February 2016 and February 2017 were enrolled for the study. Children (aged 1-14 years) with features of nephritis, underlying secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome as well as children admitted for diagnostic renal biopsy and intravenous cyclophosphamide or rituximab infusion were excluded., Results: A total of 73 children (81 admissions) were enrolled; incidence of AKI was 16% (95% CI, 9-23). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, furosemide infusion was observed as an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury (OR 23; 95% CI, 3-141; P<0.001). Out of 13 children with AKI, three died., Conclusions: Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with nephrotic syndrome has high risk of mortality. Children receiving furosemide infusion should be closely monitored for occurrence of acute kidney injury.

This paper examines the scenario of research orientation in Ayurveda educational institutions of India. We demonstrate through the data obtained by searching the SCOPUS that the actual research output by these institutions is not very significant in terms of number of publications. While a lack of research expertise and infrastructure is one contributing factor to this status, a lack of questioning attitude is more crucial one. Mushrooming of new colleges, laxity in regulations, corruption, lack of atmosphere for ethical and quality research make the problem more complex. We show, with the help of SCOPUS Data, that the recent trend of establishing stand-alone institutions of Ayurveda may not help in invigorating research activities since the research contributions from such institutions have always been very poor. Instead, we suggest that existing stand-alone institutions of Ayurveda be merged with other established Central/State universities or other Medical colleges. The data demonstrates that the research output has been always significant when an institution has many experts working in different streams of science within, than when the institutions have only Ayurveda experts. We also take up the question of designing the clinical trials that are suitable for Ayurveda and propose an algorithm that may be considered for research in educational institutions, at least at doctoral level. We further enlist a set of recommendations that could potentially change the scenario. Evidence-informed policy making, inducting clinicians into the education system, making the curricula more attractive by including recent advances, introducing efficient faculty training programs, and rigorous implementation of the existing regulations - are some of the key recommendations we have made., (Copyright © 2018 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Worldwide, male responsible infertility is on the rise. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the infertility rate of this area., Materials and Methods: Cases reported from 1989 to 1993 to the Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurved University were studied. Semen reports were also scrutinized., Results: A total number of 1,17,979 cases were examined. Male infertility rate was 45%. Patients' semen report showed that they were with oligozoospermia (22%), asthenozoospermia (11%) and azoospermia (12%)., Discussion: The reported value (45%) for male infertility is high, which is compared and discussed with that of authors from worldwide.

Although today's Ayurvedic graduates have many career options to select from, they are not given any exposure to these options during their study. This results in apathy towards selection of any career apart from clinical practice. The present study carried out amongst interns of one Ayurvedic college highlights this fact and underlines the importance of introducing 'research' as a subject in the curriculum., (Copyright © 2016 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An investigation on inheritance of qualitative traits in dolichos bean revealed biallelic monogenic control of photoperiodinduced sensitivity to flowering time and flower colour in F₂ and F₂ generations. While, growth habit and pod curvature are each controlled by two genes that exhibit classical complementary epistasis, raceme emergence was controlled by two genes that displayed classical inhibitory epistasis. The dominant alleles, at two different unlinked pairs of genes are necessary for plants to exhibit indeterminate growth habit and bear straight pods. Any other combination of alleles at the two pairs of genes result in plants displaying determinate growth habit and bearing curved pods.While, the genes controlling growth habit, PSFT and raceme emergence are linked. Those controlling flower colour and pod curvature are segregated independent of each other. These results are discussed in relation to strategies for breeding dolichos bean.

RNA interference is a sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism mediated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which has been harnessed as a useful tool in devising novel insect pest management strategies for various pests such as melon aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover). In the current study, we cloned and sequenced juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP) and vacuolar ATPase subunit H (V-ATPase-H) from A. gossypii. We also showed the effectiveness of diet-mediated delivery of dsRNA for JHBP and V-ATPase-H, which silenced the above genes and resulted in mortality. The extent of silencing and mortality were similar for both genes up until 96 h. Bioassay results revealed that the target genes were silenced variably, 1.0 µg/µl concentration having a more profound effect than 0.5 and 0.25 µg/µl concentration in reducing the cognate mRNA transcript level. Results indicated a 9.56–73.21% down regulation (across time and concentrations for both the genes) that resulted in the mortality of A. gossypii. Mortality was in the range of 10–63% for both these genes. Thus, the current study demonstrated the potentiality of both JHBP and V-ATPase-H as excellent targets for the management of A. gossypii.

Background: Women in the perimenopausal period are reported to be vulnerable to psychiatric disorders., Aim: To assess the psychiatric morbidity in perimenopausal women aged 45-55 years., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, hospital-based study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry in a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college. The study sample consisted of consecutive women in perimenopause as diagnosed by a gynecologist and written informed consent for inclusion in the study. Women with a previous history of psychiatric illnesses, with a major medical illness, or who had undergone surgical menopause were excluded from the study. All women were evaluated with a brief questionnaire for collecting demographic and clinical information and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for assessing psychiatric disorders., Results: Of the 108 women in perimenopause included in the study, 31% had depressive disorder, 7% had anxiety, while 5% had depressive disorder with anxiety features. Psychiatric morbidity was significantly more in women having lesser education, from rural background, with a history of psychiatric illness in the family, a later age of menarche, and in the late stage of perimenopause., Conclusions: Women in the perimenopause affected by psychiatric morbidity were most commonly diagnosed with depression. As perimenopause is a time of vulnerability in women, attention to signs and symptoms of depression may be required so that they may lead a more productive life., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Background: Coronal incision is a popular and versatile surgical approach to the anterior cranial vault and upper and middle third facial skeleton. The flap itself permits widespread exposure of the fractures in this region. The bicoronal flap was first described by Hartley and Kenyon (neurosurgeons) to gain access to the anterior cranium in 1907. It extension as an access flap to the upper and lateral aspect of the face was pioneered by Tessier (1971). Esthetically, it is pleasing as the surgical scar is hidden within the hair., Aims: To evaluate the versatility of coronal incision using various modifications advocated in incision, exposure to fractured site, and closure of flap in treating the upper and middle third facial fractures., Materials and Methods: A total of ten patients diagnosed with upper and middle third facial fractures requiring open reduction and internal fixation/correction of contour defect were selected after preoperative clinical and radiographic (computed tomography scan) evaluation. All the cases were operated by coronal approach to gain the access to the fracture/defect site for reduction/correction of the defect. Advantages and complication are evaluated., Results: Excellent access and anatomical reduction by this approach with least number of complications; if it is performed with healthy knowledge of anatomy of the scalp and temporal region. Certain minimal complications have also been noted using various modifications used in the procedure., Conclusion: Despite of prolonged surgical time for the exposure, it is very advantages in treating upper and middle third facial fractures due to wide access and discreet scar (minimal)., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Introduction: Nasya karma is prime treatment modality for ūrdhvajatrugata vikāra. Though classics clearly mention yogya (arha), ayogya (anarha) criteria for Nasya karma some complications were noticed while practicing. In KLEUS Shri BMK Ayurveda Hospital Belgaum, out of 2867 patients 58 (0.58%) cases reported various complications during and after Nasya karma in the year of 2011 even after taking utmost care in selection of patients as well as drugs. This gave rise to need to develop quick screening criteria to minimize errors., Objective: To develop Nasya fitness form for clinical practice to further minimize unusual complications and thus obtain the maximum result., Materials and Methods: Literature pertaining to Nasya karma, Nāsa śarīra with anatomy of nose, vasculature, innervation, examination of the nose and various anatomical pathologies were considered to develop the fitness form., Results: On the basis of examination of external nose, nasal cavity, concha, nasopharynx and paranasal sinus by anterior and posterior rhinoscopic examination fitness form was developed., Conclusion: Present fitness format will not only help to assess the nasal pathologies, which are obstacles for drug delivery, but also will help to attain optimum results and avoid unusual complications.