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Several speech enhancement techniques like Spectral Subtraction, MMSE, Log-MMSE, $ \rm beta $ β -order MMSE, adaptive $ \rm beta $ β -order MMSE and compressive sensing methods are developed worldwide. Scientists, engineers and researchers have implemented, evaluated and tested all methods individually with the different speech corpus. However, we found few articles on comparative studies of various speech enhancement techniques. In the present paper, several speech enhancement techniques have been studied, and their performance in terms of speech quality measures is compared objectively and subjectively. The results have been evaluated not only through speech quality measures but also in terms of waveform and spectrogram for speech enhancement applications. For this, MATLAB is used for the simulation of all methods. After getting the enhanced speech signals, we evaluated their enhanced speech signals of the methods. Results in terms of objective evaluation parameters indicated that the adaptive $ \rm beta $ β -order MMSE-based method produces good-quality speech signals compared to the other methods. Also, we evaluated their enhanced speech signals using a listening test, i.e. subjective evaluation. In the subjective quality test through mean opinion score (using the listening test), the performance of the adaptive $ \rm beta $ β -order MMSE method and GOMP are equal. In the case of waveform and spectrogram, the visualisation of enhanced speech signal obtained from GOMP-based compressive algorithms is very close to clean speech signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report DC and RF analysis of a T‐gate AlN/β‐Ga2O3 high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) by optimizing the gate‐drain distance (LGD) and two T‐gate dimensions given by the—head‐length (LHL) and the foot‐length (LFL). A two‐dimensional (2‐D) physics‐based device simulator attuned with experimental results is used to perform the analysis. The AlN/β‐Ga2O3 HEMT achieves a high two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density of ~3 × 1013 cm−2, which is attributed to large spontaneous as well as piezoelectric polarization components of the 10 nm AlN thick barrier layer. 2DEG density is also numerically validated using widely used polarization model for III nitrides. It is demonstrated that a highly scaled, both lateral and vertical, device with optimized T‐gate dimensions achieves higher blocking voltage (VBR), low on‐resistance (RON), higher cut‐off frequency (fT) and higher maximum oscillation frequency (fMAX), simultaneously. Consequently, AlN/β‐Ga2O3 HEMT achieves a low specific‐on resistance (RON,sp) of 0.1 mΩ cm2 and an off‐state breakdown voltage of 904 V, which corresponds to the record power figure‐of‐merit (PFoM) of ~8172 MW/cm2. Furthermore, fT of 73 GHz and fMAX of 142 GHz are estimated. These results—low power conduction loss along with higher blocking voltage, and superior RF parameters show the potential of the analyzed device T‐gate AlN/β‐Ga2O3 HEMT for high‐power switching and RF applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A multicentric private hospital-based retrospective study was conducted to understand the epidemiology of breast cancer in terms of demographics and clinical characteristics (staging and hormone receptor status) at the time of diagnosis. Methods: The data for 5,688 female breast cancer patients were collected from the hospital and clinical records of four study centres. All statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and R software. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean and median age of the study population was 52.6 (± 12.4) years and 53.0 (range 51-54 across the four centers) years, respectively. About 68% of patients were in the age category of 41 65 years, 17.6% were <40 years old among whom 23.4% of patients reported a positive family history. Most of the patients (66.3%) were diagnosed at an early stage (Stage I and II). The 3-year OS probability was 100%, 97.5%, 94.1%, and 74.7% for TNM Stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The 3-year RFS was 95.7%, 95.5%, 84.5%, and 49% for TNM Stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Conclusion: The present study highlights the epidemiological distribution of breast cancer patients. It emphasizes the importance of disease awareness among the urban and educated female population as most patients were diagnosed at earlier stages and demonstrated higher OS and RFS than reported in government registries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research is to study innovative revenue collection management that affects the increase of efficiency in the revenue collection management of local administrative organizations by using the qualitative research method. The information was gathered from the in-depth interview with the group of 25 main interviewees. For the analysis of the information, descriptive analysis was applied in the form of content analysis together with the use of the qualitative information analysis program called Nvivo 10. The results of the study showed that the innovation that enhanced the efficiency of revenue collection management consisted of the development of the revenue collection management system, the development of database and tax mapping provided, the development of the tax payment system and the expansion of the new tax base, and the development of human resources. For the model of the innovation that would encourage the increase of the efficiency within revenue collection management, it consisted of the product innovation, process innovation, positional innovation and paradigm innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety audit is a system for evaluating the adherence of an occupational safety and health plan to fulfill statutory requirements with prior planning. Safety audit planning is the predetermining activity of what, how, where, when and by whom the audit will be carried out to achieve its objective. Safety audit planning is a complex process and an anticipatory function which will provide audit activity on time with the least audit risk and cost by assigning the auditors with the required ability and skill level to the activities to be audited. In general, the safety audit planning is based on the professional judgment of a lead auditor by considering the qualitative characteristics of the auditors. However, the audit planning is possible by framing a mathematical model with an assumption that the auditors possess similar characteristics. The objective of the study is to optimize the safety audit planning by allocating auditors to activities using a linear programming model so as to minimize the audit cost; which is not possible with statistical tools. The study was conducted in an integrated cement plant located in India and the results of the study show that the number of hours and the activity of the auditors was specified with a minimum cost. Similar studies can be conducted to optimize time and cost of safety audit for industrial units involving more number of activities with large batch size of auditors by planning the audit process in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dryland regions, soil moisture stress often leads to desiccation and causes injury to photosynthetic machinery. Recently, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF)-based assessment of photosynthetic efficiency under drought stress is gaining attention due to advances in instrument development and methodology optimisation. Our study was designed to explore the use of spike photosynthetic efficiency as a trait to differentiate drought responses in wheat. Bread and durum wheat were assessed for spike, stem, and leaf tissue photosynthetic efficiency in response to progressive desiccation using ChlF imaging. Results showed that durum wheat had higher quantum efficiency and lower photoinhibition of PSII relative to bread wheat across spike, stem, and leaf. Rate of decline in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII with increased desiccation was seen higher in bread wheat spikes as compared to durum wheat. Our investigation clearly demonstrated that ChlF imaging could be effectively deployed as phenotyping tool to differentiate wheat genotypes for their photosynthetic performance under desiccation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methods of acquisition have been developed so far which aim at accelerating the acquisition process and detection of weak GPS signals. In many of these the search is parallelized in code or frequency space. However, sometimes the number of samples in code periods based on sampling frequency is not equal to required number of Radix-2 FFT algorithm. So it is again computing the DFT normal method without FFT. The main purpose and objective of this project is to implement a fast and robust for weak signal acquisition algorithm "Double Block Zero Padding Acquisition" (DBZP) for GPS L1 civilian signal. Technique is developed even for the signals where number of samples in the code period taken for correlation is not satisfying the required number for Radix-2 algorithm. It is also suitable for weak GPS signals acquisition, which require Pre-detection, or integration (correlation) Time (PIT) to be long. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object based classification plays an important role in every field. Support vector machine is the popular algorithm for object based classification. Support vector machine classifies the data points using straight line. Some datasets are impossible to separate by straight line. To cope with this problem kernel function is used. The central idea of kernel function is to project points up in a higher dimensional space hoping that separability of data would improve. There are various kernels in the LIBSVM package. In this paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is evaluated as classifier with four different kernels namely linear kernel, polynomial kernel, radial basis function kernel and sigmoid kernel. Several datasets are being experimented to find out the performance of various kernels of SVM. By changing the value of 'C' and γ varying results are observed. Among these RBF kernel with a value of C = 1000 and gamma=0.75 got an excellent accuracy of 99.1509%.The SVM-RBF kernel gave an edge over the other kernels with an accuracy of 99.1509% while linear at 98.9623%, polynomial at 98.6792% and Sigmoid at 98.5849%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]