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Byline: Robin. Rishi, Kokkula. Praneeth, Sunil. Gupta, Parth. Jani, Ashish. Aggarwal, Manju. Mohanty, Sahil. Mehta Background: In spite of advancements in treatment options for MCA infarct, there is a definite [...]

Byline: Kokkula. Praneeth, Deivanai. Nachiappan, Deepak. Gupta A 51-year-old man with a history of a fall from a height 12 days earlier, treated at another hospital, presented now with a [...]

Byline: Sunil. Gupta, Rajashekhar. Narayanan, Ashish. Aggarwal, Manju. Mohanty, Chirag. Ahuja, Nidhi. Verma, Kokkula. Praneeth, Vivek. Agarwal Background: Surgical revascularization is the mainstay of treatment in symptomatic patients of moyamoya [...]

Byline: Kokkula. Praneeth, Rekapalli. Rajasekhar, Ashish. Aggarwal, Parth. Jani, Navneet. Singla A 15-year-old boy suffered trauma to head and face when a high-velocity projectile from farm tube well stuck him. [...]

Byline: Pravin. Salunke, Madhivanan. Karthigeyan, Kokkula. Praneeth, Savleen. Kaur, Aastha. Takkar Background: The pathway underlying ocular convergence is less clear. Convergence weakness is usually a clinical sign of dorsal midbrain [...]

Byline: Sandeep. Aggarwal, Kokkula. Praneeth, Yashwant. Rathore, Vignesh. Waran, Prabhjot. Singh Mesh erosion into visceral organs is a rare complication following laparoscopic mesh repair for inguinal hernia with only 15 [...]

The comparative studies on grading in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) had several limitations such as the unclear grading of Glasgow Coma Scale 15 with neurological deficits in World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), and the inclusion of systemic disease in Hunt and Hess (H&H) scales. Their differential incremental impacts and optimum cut-off values for unfavourable outcome are unsettled. This is a prospective comparison of prognostic impacts of grading schemes to address these issues. SAH patients were assessed using WFNS, H&H (including systemic disease), modified H&H (sans systemic disease) and followed up with Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months. Their performance characteristics were analysed as incremental ordinal variables and different grading scale dichotomies using rank-order correlation, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden's J and multivariate analyses. A total of 1016 patients were studied. As univariate incremental variable, H&H sans systemic disease had the best negative rank-order correlation coefficient (−0.453) with respect to lower GOS ( p < 0.001). As univariate dichotomized category, WFNS grades 3-5 had the best performance index of 0.39 to suggest unfavourable GOS with a specificity of 89% and sensitivity of 51%. In multivariate incremental analysis, H&H sans systemic disease had the greatest adjusted incremental impact of 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.91) against a lower GOS as compared to 0.6 (95% CI 0.45-0.74) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.42-0.68) for H&H and WFNS grades, respectively. In multivariate categorical analysis, H&H grades 4-5 sans systemic disease had the greatest impact on unfavourable GOS with an adjusted odds ratio of 6.06 (95% CI 3.94-9.32). To conclude, H&H grading sans systemic disease had the greatest impact on unfavourable GOS. Though systemic disease is an important prognostic factor, it should be considered distinctly from grading. Appropriate cut-off values suggesting unfavourable outcome for H&H and WFNS were 4-5 and 3-5, respectively, indicating the importance of neurological deficits in addition to level of consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goel et al. has suggested C1-C2 fixation as a treatment modality in patients with Chiari malformation type 1 and has shown good clinical improvement in his patients.[[6]] Hence, we decided to perform C1-C2 fusion in our patient. There is only one case report in the English literature documenting the association of Chiari malformation with C2 spondylolysis.[[4]] The patient also had atlanto axial instability with inverted vertebral arteries on either side. To summarise, congenital C2 spondylolysis with Chiari malformation is a rare entity. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health problem that disproportionally affects low- and middle-income countries. The needs for patients with TBI therefore may differ between levels of national development. We aimed to describe differences in epidemiology and acute care provision of TBI between India and Europe., Methods: We used data from two prospective observational registry studies - the Collaborative Indian NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CINTER-TBI) and the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI), which included TBI patients with an indication for brain CT-scan presenting to 65 centres across Europe and Israel and two trauma centres in India. We performed descriptive analyses of demographic, injury, and treatment characteristics and used random-effects logistic regression with covariate adjustment to examine the likelihood of acute neurosurgical interventions and in-hospital mortality., Results: We included 22 849 patients from CENTER-TBI and 3904 from CINTER-TBI. The median age in Europe was 55 years (IQR = 32-76) compared to 27 years (IQR = 18-40) in India. The most common cause of TBI in Europe were falls (n = 12150 (53%), while traffic incidents predominated in India (n = 2130 (55%)). The proportion of patients with severe TBI was higher in India (n = 867 (22%)) than in Europe (n = 1661 (7%). Professional pre-hospital care involving ambulance service was utilised by three-fourths (n = 17203 (75%)) of European and less than a one-tenth (n = 224 (6%)) of Indian patients in our sample. Patients with severe TBI were more likely to undergo surgical contusion/haematoma evacuation in India compared to Europe (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.7-2.5) and Indian patients had higher odds of undergoing intracranial pressure monitor placement (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 2.0-2.7). A primary decompressive craniectomy was likewise more often performed in the Indian cohort (OR = 5.1; 95% CI = 3.5-7.5). Discharge destinations in Europe included rehabilitation centres (n = 1261 (6%)) or nursing homes (n = 1208 (5%)), which was rarely the case in India (n = 13 (0%) and n = 9 (0%), respectively)., Conclusions: Substantial disparities between India and Europe exist along the neurotrauma care chain, with both systems being likely to face unique features and challenges in the future., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Some studies have found an association of incidence of aneurysmal Sub arachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) seasonal variations and weather patterns but others have refuted this. With conflicting reports in the literature, we tried to find out whether climatic conditions influence the incidence of aSAH., Patients and Methods: This was a prospective single centre study involving patients with aSAH operated in a tertiary care hospital over one calendar year. Meteorological parameters like temperature, barometric pressure, humidity and sunshine hours were noted for 2 consecutive days prior to the ictus and on the day of ictus., Results: 392 patients of aSAH who underwent clipping were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the incidence of aSAH across various seasons (p > 0.05). Pre ictus fall in temperature lead to a surge in number of cases. 241 patients (61.5%) reported were from geographical areas which had experienced a fall in temperature over preceding 2 days, with a mean fall in temperature of 1.1(SD 2.1) degree celsius (p less then 0.05). The incidence of aSAH patients in low sunshine hour seasons (1.13 patients/day) was significantly more than that in higher sunshine hour seasons (0.9 patients/day) (p less than 0.05 )., Conclusions: Seasonal variation had no direct bearing on the incidence of aSAH. Pre ictus fall in temperature lead to a rise in number of cases. Also, higher incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage was seen in lower sunshine hour seasons.