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Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent complaint among women nowadays. Primary dysmenorrhea is a painful disorder that occurs during the menstrual cycle. It is described as unpleasant menstrual cramps or period discomfort that occurs without the presence of any pelvic illness. Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common causes of absence from school, work, and social activities. It has an impact on women's daily quality of life. Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological treatments for women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: We looked up information on gynaecology in the Cochrane library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and other databases. We looked at multiple clinical trial databases from the year before as well as systematic reviews that had been done before. Result: As per qualitative assessment, non-pharmacological management for primary dysmenorrhea is extremely effective and wonderful for overall health. Primary dysmenorrhea can be treated with any of the approaches outlined in this study. Conclusion: The study revealed that non-pharmacological approaches, such as yoga, physical activity, heat treatment, massage therapy, water therapy, dietary supplements, acupressure, aromatherapy, massage therapy, and other non-invasive techniques, have a significant role in the management of dysmenorrhoea. It was observed that women who engage in regular physical activity do not experience severe dysmenorrhea. Additionally, it was discovered in this study that dietary nutrients like vitamin D and other nutraceuticals ameliorate the symptoms of dysmenorrhea.

Abstract: Mushrooms are an important aspect of the human diet, and their popularity has increased over the years. Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) are the most commonly consumed mushrooms by the rural dwellers in South Western Nigeria, perhaps, based on their nutritive value and health-enhancing benefits. Pleurotus is a genus of about 40 mushroom species popularly referred to as "oyster mushrooms." P. ostreatus is one of several Pleurotus species that are widely consumed for their flavour, nutritional value, and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, triterpenoids, lectins, lipids, and their derivatives are all found in the P. ostreatus mushroom, in addition to its essential therapeutic components. P. ostreatus commonly consumed as food or as food supplement have been reported in folklore for their antihypertensive property with limited scientific proof. This review emphasizes the excellent nutritional value of P. ostreatus mushrooms.

Background: Punarnava is recognized as an essential remedy because it treats a wide range of health problems. It is commonly known as a rejuvenator. Its chemical constituents are all responsible for pharmacological activity in the body in some ways. There is a lot of evidence that the leaves, stems, and roots can be used as medicine. Objective: The morphological, chemical, and pharmacological characteristics of Boerhaavia diffusa are discussed in this article. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pharmacological profile of Punarnava and its chemical elements, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of its steroidal component β-Ecdysone. Method: This article compiled information by reviewing a variety of published articles and research papers from several sources, including Research Gate, WJPRT, IJPSM, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer Nature, and The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medicine. Result: It is a widely used remedy for numerous ailments among diverse cultural groups, Ayurvedic, and traditional practitioners. To some extent, it is used in a variety of formulations to treat sciatica, cancer, immunomodulation, obesity, diabetes, jaundice, inflammation, asthma, rheumatism, nephrological difficulties, ascites, anemia, and gynaecological disorders. Conclusion: Herbal medications are becoming increasingly popular nowadays. Punarnava is one of the most beneficial herbs available. More analysis is needed to investigate the impacts of each chemical ingredient in Punarnava. β-Ecdysone is a key component of Punarnava, which is both beneficial and detrimental to humans in different ways. Hence, further research is also needed to emphasize the impacts of each Punarnava chemical ingredient.

Background: COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. For people with COVID-19 infection as well as for healthy individuals, blood glucose control is essential. Nowadays, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients. Objectives: We examined the data on the link between diabetes and COVID-19, the pathogenesis of diabetes, and treatment of COVID-19 infection in diabetic patients. Methods: Up until October 2, 2021, the key terms 'COVID-19,' 'SARSCoV2,' 'diabetes,' and 'antidiabetic therapy' were searched in the PubMed database and Google Scholar. The full texts of the articles were accessed. Results: Some diseases, for instance, diabetes, are continuously suggested as risk factor which result in the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no comprehensive studies aiming to explain the exact relationship between diabetes and COVID-19. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients. COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. Blood glucose control is critical not only for COVID-19-infected patients but also for those who do not have the condition. In today's world, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients. Conclusion: Thus, this study aims to summarize the evidence about diabetes and COVID-19 outbreak through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients.

Objective: Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal potential of Phytoconstituents present in leaf extracts of Bergenia ligulata (wall.) plant. Methods: The antimicrobial effects of leaves of Bergenia ligulata (wall.) were evaluated using both ethanol and aqueous extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Penicillium spp. Agar well diffusion method was employed in determining the antimicrobial activity and the broth dilution method for determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. All the isolates examined were susceptible to both the ethanol, aqueous, and the combined aqueous and ethanol extracts (synergetic effect) of the Bergenia ligulata leaves. Results: The zone of inhibition ranged from 6.93±0.02b mm to 12.81±0.03a mm, with Escherichia coli being the most susceptible at 12.81±0.03a mm to the ethanol and 11.53±0.02a mm to the aqueous extracts at 250 mg/ml concentration while P. aeruginosa and Penicillin spp. were the slightest susceptible at 10.88±0.02a mm to the ethanol and 09.76±0.02a mm to the aqueous extract at 250 mg/ml concentration. The control/standard antimicrobial agent (Gentamicin and Metronidazole) exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the plant extracts. The least inhibitory value of 6.25 mg/ml was produced against P. aeruginosa by the ethanolic extract and against C. albicans by the combined (aqueous and ethanol) extracts of the plant. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of the leaves of Bergenia ligulata reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. The most abundant percentage composition observed was flavonoids (7.72%), while tannins had the least component (4.29%). Conclusion: The findings from this study show that the leaves extracts hold considerable antimicrobial activity against commonly encountered microorganisms in the environment. This, therefore, implies that it can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent which will contribute to the development of antibiotic drugs against the test organisms.

Abstract: Diabetes is a major health issue for humans, and its complications can lead to a variety of health problems. Nephropathy has been recognised since the 1930s, when Kimmelstiel and Wilson first reported the characteristic nodular glomerulosclerosis lesions in diabetic kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), commonly known as diabetic kidney disease, is a condition in which diabetics have excessive quantities of urine albumin excretion, diabetic glomerular lesions, and a reduction in their glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Type 1 diabetes (autoimmune -cell destruction and absolute insulin insufficiency), type 2 diabetes (relative insulin deficit and resistance), and others are the three forms of diabetes (eg, pancreatic disease). Diabetes nephropathy is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure around the world. Much research has been conducted in both basic science and clinical therapies to enhance understanding of the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy and to expand the available therapeutics. Diabetic nephropathy prevention continues to rely on screening for microalbuminuria and treating hyperglycemia. However, several studies suggest that managing diabetic kidney disease is more challenging. Despite comparable hyperglycemic management, some studies suggest that the incidence of renal problems varies by patient. As a result, there has been a great deal of interest in studying the inherent renal protective effect of various antihyperglycemic drugs. The goal of this study is to provide information about the diabetic kidney disease conceptual model, pathogenesis, screening, and diagnosis. It will also address the treatment and prevention of diabetic nephropathy, with a focus on comparing the mechanisms, safety profiles, and efficacy of different antihyperglycemic medications.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second most common neurological disorder. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. Eugenol is a phytochemical with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation is aimed to study the effect of eugenol in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mouse model of PD and its relationship to antioxidant effect. The effects of seven days of oral pre-treatment and post-treatment with three doses of eugenol (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) were investigated against the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. In addition to the assessment of behavioural parameters using various tests (actophotometer, beam walking test, catalepsy, rearing, rotarod), biochemical parameters including lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels in brain tissues, were also estimated in this study. The binding mode of eugenol in the human myeloid differentiation factor-2 (hMD-2) was also studied. Results showed that MPTP administration in mice resulted in the development of motor dysfunction (impaired motor coordination and hypo locomotion) similar to that of PD in different behavioural studies. Pre-treatment with eugenol reversed motor dysfunction caused by MPTP administration while post-treatment with eugenol at a high dose aggravated the symptoms of akinesia associated with MPTP administration. MPTP resulted in increased lipid peroxidation while decreased reduced glutathione levels in the brains of mice. MPTP-induced increased lipid peroxidation and attenuated levels of reduced glutathione were found to be alleviated with eugenol pre-treatment while augmented with eugenol post-treatment. Eugenol showed a binding affinity of -6.897 kcal/mol against the MD2 coreceptor of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). Biochemical, as well as neurobehavioral studies, showed that eugenol is having a protective effect, but does not have a curative effect on PD.

Background: Dermatomycosis is a type of fungal infection that can infect human skin, hair, and nails; an increasing growth of fungal infections ranging from superficial to systemic infection is alarming. Common causative agents are Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis species. A wide range of antifungal drugs is used for the treatment of mycotic infections. These antifungal drugs can be oral or topical. The topical therapy ensures reduced side effects. Some act as fungistatic, while others act as fungicidal. These drugs work by a different mechanism of action to prevent and cure fungal infections. Objective: The effective treatment of the fungal infection includ the use of proper antifungal drug therapy. Antifungal drugs are classified into various classes. This paper focuses on understanding and interpreting the detailed molecular and cellular mechanism of action of various classes of anti-fungal drugs with their important characteristics along with the safety and efficacy data of individual drugs of the particular class. Methods: The data selection for carrying out the respective study has been made by studying the combination of review articles and research papers from different databases, like ResearchGate, PubMed, MDPI, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and MedCrave, ranging from the year 1972 to 2019, by using the keywords like “anti-fungal agents”, “dermatophytes”, “cutaneous candidiasis”, “superficial fungal infections”, “oral candidiasis”, “amphotericin”, “echinocandins”, “azoles”, “polyenes” “ketoconazole”, “terbinafine”, “griseofulvin”, “azoles”. Result: Based on interpretation, it is concluded that the different classes of antifungal drugs follow the different mechanisms of action and target the fungal cell membrane, and are efficient in reducing fungal disease by their respective mechanism. Conclusion: The prevention and cure of fungal infections can be done by oral or topical antifungal drugs aimed to destroy the fungal cell membrane. These drugs show action by their respective pathways that are either preventing the formation of ergosterol or squalene or act by inhibiting the β-1,3- glucan synthase enzyme. All the drugs are found to be effective in treating fungal infections.

Background: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that was earlier intended to treat only patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), but researchers have found DBT to treat several psychological disorders, including depression. Aim: The article aims to review the clinical shreds of evidence regarding the use of DBT to treat depression. Methods: PubMed literature search was done by applying the year filter range, 2010 to 2021. Another filter applied was “Randomized controlled trial”, so that the strength of evidence could be enhanced. The keywords used were “Dialectical Behavior Therapy” AND “Depression”. Results: 33 articles were found, out of which only 20 relevant articles were reviewed. DBT was found to alleviate depressive symptoms associated with different psychological disorders like bipolar disorder and BPD but the number of studies that validated the aforementioned were less than those studies which showed that DBT had no significant effect on the patients with depressive difficulties. The long-term effect of DBT for treating depression is under suspect, as studies showed that DBT got ineffective during the follow-ups. Conclusion: DBT shows benefits in depression, but further studies are still required to validate this concretely as DBT did not show a significant effect when compared to its control counterparts. There is much need for future studies which can evaluate the long-term efficacy of DBT in depression, which is another challenging area because follow-up data did not favor DBT.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease and endocrine disorder. It is a growing health problem in various countries. The prevalence of diabetes is rising worldwide; around 5.4% rise in patients with diabetes is expected by 2025. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that 173 million adults are suffering from diabetes mellitus in developing counties. In this research, estimation of glucose levels was performed in Wistar rats post-induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. Metformin has been used as a standard dose for treatment. This study demonstrated the acute oral toxicity and subacute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca leaves and Asparagus racemosus roots and evaluated the antidiabetic activity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity of the polyherbal ethanolic extract on vital organs. The visible changes in the organs of each group of Wistar rats were also determined in this study. Moreover, the hypoglycaemic action of the polyherbal extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus was also explored. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups for assessing acute oral toxicity. Groups were administered doses of 5,50, 300, and 2000mg/kg body weight of the polyherbal extract. Subacute oral toxicity studies were performed by administering a polyherbal extract of 250, 500, 1000mg/kg body weight. For evaluating the antidiabetic activity, animals were divided into 5 groups. In group 1 (normal control), saline was administered; in group 2, standard drug Metformin was administered; in group 3, no drug was given to rats with diabetes (Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic with 150mg/kg body weight), thus forming the diseased group. In group 4, ethanolic extract with 100mg/kg group was administered, and in group 5, ethanolic extract of 200mg/kg was administered. On the last day, the blood glucose levels and body weights of rats were examined. Histopathology studies were conducted by sacrificing the animals, isolating the organs, such as tissue pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney, and placing them on slides using a microscopic examination. Data were selected by searching the articles in the databases, such as NCBI, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, and PubMed from 1989 to 2020 by using keywords, such as “Antidiabetic,” “Saraca indica,” “Asparagus racemosus,” “ethanolic polyherbal extract,” “oral toxicity study,” “histopathology,” and “Streptozotocin.” Results: The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg showed better effects against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats having 150 mg/kg body weight. Regarding acute toxicity and subacute oral toxicity studies, all the extracts showed significant values (P Conclusions: The polyherbal ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca and Asparagus racemosus showed hypoglycaemic activity against STZ-induced diabetes in experimental Wistar rats. The results showed the beneficial effects of these ethanolic extracts, improving the body weight and changes in lipid metabolism and protecting the organs of Wistar rats, such as the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, lungs, and heart, against impairment of blood glucose. All organs were weighted, tissues from organs were isolated, then stained using eosin dye, and changes were observed by microscopy photos. No signs of inflammation and erosion were reported at the end of the study, indicating the healing action of the extract.

Background: The pumpkin, a very well-edible plant that is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, has long been utilised as a functional food and an herbal remedy. Pumpkins include a wealth of phytoestrogens, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E in their seeds that may have medicinal, nutritional, and cosmetic benefits. In recent years, knowledge of the nutritional benefits and medicinal uses of pumpkin seeds has grown significantly. An abundant source of nutrients and a well-known multipurpose food, pumpkin has recently given scientists fresh insights. Primary and secondary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids, poly saturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, tryptophan, delta-7-sterols, & numerous other phytochemicals, are abundant in the pumpkin fruit, including the meat, seed, and peel. Objective: In this review, the nutraceutical importance of pumpkin's seed anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular preventive and anti-cancer effects are explored along with the nutraceutical effects of anti-depressants, anti-helminthic and anti-oxidants effects are involved. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the literature search was conducted. A number of databases have been searched using the common terms "pumpkin,", "pumpkin seeds", "cucurbita,", "functional food", "phenolic compounds", "minerals,", and "phytochemicals" using PubMed and Google Scholar as search engines. The content was based on information from publications like Bentham Science, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Nature, Plos One, etc. We have focused on the review and research papers published between 2000 and 2023. Result: Meanwhile, some research gaps on the biological activities of pumpkin seeds and their potential as a functional food element have been discovered in the current literature. The pharmacokinetics of Pumpkin seeds bioactives and the characterization and identification of functional molecules have received very little attention in the literature. It is necessary to conduct more studies to connect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Pumpkin seeds. Conclusion: The therapeutic benefits of pumpkin seeds & the potential disease-preventing mechanisms are updated in this review article, also on the chemical make-up, nutritional value, phytochemical research, pharmacological characteristics, bioavailability, food use, & industrial applications of pumpkin.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a complicated, gradually progressive neurological illness characterized by locomotor and non-motor symptomatology that impedes daily activities. Despite significant advances in symptomatic therapies with various extents of negative effects, there are currently no disease-modifying medicinal alternatives. Symptoms worsen, creating an additional strain that reduces living quality and creates the perception that prescription drugs are no longer productive. Objective: Adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help patients feel more empowered, promote wellness, relieve symptoms, and potentially slow neurodegeneration. Nutrition, intellectual stimulation, physical exercise, and stress reduction are all examples of lifestyle habits that improve cognitive health and life satisfaction. We discuss how changes in lifestyle, nutrition, yoga, exercise, and acupuncture can help with managing the disease's symptoms. Method: We searched Google Scholar for various research papers and review articles from publishers, such as Bentham Science, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Springer Nature, and others for gathering the data for the study. Result: Pesticide exposure, environmental hazards, dietary choices, stress, and anxiety all have an indirect or immediate influence on the commencement of Parkinson's disease. Naturopathic remedies, such as nutraceuticals, yoga, exercise, and acupuncture, have been shown to help with Parkinson's disease management. Conclusion: Various preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the various factors mentioned are beneficial in the management of the disease, but more research is needed to validate the extent to which such factors are beneficial.

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome defined by a variety of motor, cognitive, and psychomotor dysfunctions. The current pharmaceutical treatment focuses on treating the condition's symptoms. They are primarily concerned with reducing illness symptoms or avoiding dopamine metabolism. As our understanding of disease pathogenesis improves, new therapeutic approaches emerge. Objective: This article aims to describe the standard Parkinson's medications based on symptoms and requirements. It emphasizes recent advancements in symptomatic therapy for motor indications and achievements in the research and clinical testing of medicines that promise to enable disease modification in patients with already-manifest PD. Methods: Information for this paper was found by looking through Google Scholar and reading several research and review articles from Bentham Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Frontiers, Taylor & Francis, and other publishers. Result: Parkinson's disease therapeutic interventions are now limited to symptomatic therapy, mostly in dopaminergic medications and deep brain stimulation (DBS). They have the potential to deliver great therapeutic progress, yet they can also have serious drawbacks that decrease a patient's quality of life. The progress of pluripotent stem cell therapies and genome engineering procedures has sparked renewed hope for the treatment of a wide range of human illnesses, particularly genetic abnormalities. Conclusion: The current Parkinson's therapy trends are successful and continually evolving, with several drugs currently undergoing clinical trials. As these new therapies constantly coming out and can be used together, they will likely change how Parkinson's disease is treated in the coming years.

Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction is an event of myocardial necrosis caused by unstable ischemic syndrome. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood stops flowing to the cardiac tissue or myocardium and the heart muscle gets damaged due to poor perfusion and reduced oxygen supply. Mitochondria can serve as the arbiter of cell fate in response to stress. Oxidative metabolism is the function of mitochondria within the cell. Cardiac cells being highly oxidative tissue generates about 90% of their energy through oxidative metabolism. In this review, we focused on the role of mitochondria in energy generation in myocytes as well as its consequences on heart cells causing cell damage. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species, and anaerobic production of lactate as a failure of oxidative metabolism are also discussed

Background: The existence of aberrant myocardial activity and function in the exclusion of those other cardiovascular events, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and severe valve disease, is known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes patients are much more prone to death from cardiovascular illnesses than from any other cause, and they also have a 2–5 fold higher likelihood of acquiring cardiac failure and other complications. Objective: In this review, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy is discussed, with an emphasis on the molecular and cellular irregularities that arise as the condition progresses, as well as existing and prospective future treatments. Method: The literature for this topic was researched utilizing Google Scholar as a search engine. Before compiling the review article, several research and review publications from various publishers, including Bentham Science, Nature, Frontiers, and Elsevier, were investigated. Result: The abnormal cardiac remodelling, marked by left ventricular concentric thickening and interstitial fibrosis contributing to diastolic impairment, is mediated by hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity. The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been linked to altered biochemical parameters, decreased calcium regulation and energy production, enhanced oxidative damage and inflammation, and a build-up of advanced glycation end products. Conclusion: Antihyperglycemic medications are essential for managing diabetes because they successfully lower microvascular problems. GLP-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have now been proven to benefit heart health by having a direct impact on the cardiomyocyte. To cure and avoid diabetic cardiomyopathy new medicines are being researched, including miRNA and stem cell therapies.

Background: The global distribution of IBS is surprisingly uniform, affecting men and women of all ages. Its deep-rooted character, symptoms that fluctuate from moderate to extreme, have several detrimental effects on the sufferer's standard of living; consequently, proper treatment of these patients is necessary. The etiology of IBS is unknown. Although several explanations were also proposed, the specific etiology of irritable bowel syndrome remains unknown. Clinical trials using stabilized therapies and new active medications have shown symptom reduction over placebo. Objective: IBS has long been linked to visceral sensitivity and gastrointestinal motor abnormalities. The pathophysiology of IBS appears to be multifaceted. However, several of the following elements are vital in forming IBS. This paper aims to provide a complete, scientific proof assessment of the prognosis, pathogenesis, and therapy choices to assist clinicians in successfully treating their patients. Method: The report's information was compiled by combining numerous review articles and research papers from multiple sources, including Hindawi, Elsevier, NCBI [National Centre for Biotechnology Information], and Research Gate, from 1981 to 2021, using keywords such as IBS, Brain-gut axis, postinfectious IBS, Microbiota, low-grade inflammation, and so on. Conclusion: The acute symptom influences the selection of medical techniques and therapy (IBS with diarrhoea, IBS with constipation, or mixed IBS). Current research demonstrates both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment has a positive impact (in comparison to a placebo) on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) problems, discomfort relief, and improved health status.

Background: Natural products have a crucial role in the discovery and development of drug molecules. The secondary metabolites derived from the plant have potential therapeutic value and reveal many pharmacological effects. Crotalaria burhia Buchham, a Leguminaceae herb, is mostly present in arid parts of India, Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan. Shinio, Bhip, Bhata, Ghugato, and Ban Sutra are just a few of the names it goes by. It is used to cure gout, eczema, hydrophobia, and inflammation. Plant root porridge is used for typhoid, wounds and cuts, rheumatism, flatulence, earaches, nasal bleeding, and stone problems. The powder form of the plant is used for digestive disorders. The plant has potent pharmacological activity and is also carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic in nature. Various phytoconstituents are present, like tannins, amino acids, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, mucilage, flavonoids, gum, polyphenols, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, glycosides, and saponins. Croburhine is a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid obtained from it. This review focuses on the existing knowledge of the phytochemistry and pharmacological action of C. burhia, which will provide broad information for a proper assessment of the plant as a medicinal agent. Methods: The experimental analysis and data reported on the species of Crotalaria were reviewed from 2005 to 2022. Various databases were used as article sources, like Medline and Pubmed, and a literature review was done using the keywords Crotalaria burhia, habitat, species, pharmacological action, and traditional uses. Result: On the basis of our perception, we have stated that the species Crotalaria burhia is a golden herb that possesses potent pharmacological activities. It is widely used as a conventional drug for the cure of various diseases, but its active constituents need to be evaluated more for future drug development and pharmacological action. Conclusion: There were a total of 21 research articles about the phytochemical screening of herbs, which showed the presence of different active constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, mucilage, gum, polyphenols, carbohydrates, terpenoids, etc., which are responsible for different pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antihypertensive, antitumor, and analgesic activity.

Abstract: In the modern era, the spread of new diseases makes humans panic in everyday life. Instead of panicking, proper prevention and awareness of the disease are required. Tomato flu is one of the emerging diseases in India, caused by the coxsackie Virus; this disease has led many people to panic. In this article, the Tomato flu is explained in detail, along with its treatment and prevention.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders associated with hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. During 2008 out of 36 million deaths due to non-communicable diseases, 1.3 million deaths alone were causative of DM, suggesting it to be a significant public health problem, reaching epidemic proportions globally. Diabetic Neuropathy is na common complication of DM. Pathophysiology of DN involves the interplay of metabolic and vascular factors, with the principal factor being hyperglycemia. Since DN is a prevalent, disabling condition associated with nerve injury, efficient treatments include glycaemic control and pain management. The ancient scriptures like Charak Samhita and contemporary pharmacology have corroborated the vast medicinal potential of herbal plants for achieving a more holistic treatment for several ailments. One of the primary objectives of the current review was to provide collective data on the available pharmacological evidence of selective herbal plants for future clinical translation. Besides, the herbal extracts used for the studies need to be standardized as per the standard protocols essential for understanding the intricate effect of specific phytoconstituent on the biomolecular level and for the clinical dose fixation for promoting the reproducibility of results

Background: A detailed study on vitamin D status in India has revealed a significant frequency of vitamin D insufficiency among people. People's hectic schedules cause various deficits in their bodies since they are not exposed to enough sunshine, which results in inadequate vitamin D intake over time, diminished sunshine exposure, the kidney's failure to convert 25(OH)D to its active form, or insufficient vitamin D absorption through the digestive system. Objective: The study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D in young adults and explain some of the vital roles of vitamin D in human bodies, as well as display the prevalence of vitamin D in India along with its pathophysiology, metabolism, and several mechanisms of action. Methods: We have searched several research and review articles in English on Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, NCBI data, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library of systematic review databases from 2000 to 2022. Results: According to a comprehensive study, our bodies require vitamin D for bone formation and maintenance. It is also important for controlling a variety of other cellular functions in the body. Conclusion: The importance of vitamin D and the repercussions of its insufficiency must be made known to the general population and healthcare practitioners. On average, our Indian cuisine falls short of a normal adult's daily vitamin D need. This emphasises the importance of vitamin D fortification in diverse foods through governmental initiatives. This silent pandemic has to be tackled with strong public health measures.

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Background: The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is now being connected to medical equipment to make patients more comfortable, offer better and more affordable health care options, and make it easier for people to get good care in the comfort of their own homes. Objective: The primary purpose of this study is to highlight the architecture and use of IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) technology in the healthcare system. Methods: Several sources were used to acquire the material, including review articles published in various journals that had keywords such as, Internet of Medical Things, Wireless Fidelity, Remote Healthcare Monitoring (RHM), Point-of-care testing (POCT), and Sensors. Results: IoMT has succeeded in lowering both the cost of digital healthcare systems and the amount of energy they use. Sensors are used to measure a wide range of things, from physiological to emotional responses. They can be used to predict illness before it happens. Conclusion: The term “Internet of Medical Things” refers to the broad adoption of healthcare solutions that may be provided in the home. Making such systems intelligent and efficient for timely prediction of important illnesses has the potential to save millions of lives while decreasing the burden on conventional healthcare institutions, such as hospitals. patients and physicians may now access real-time data due to advancements in IoM.

Background: Tanning nowadays due to pollution, stress, UV rays, and lifestyle has become a major skincare problem. Synthesis of a poly-herbal anti-tan formulation has been performed in this work, and it is evaluated on various parameters. Objective: The present work is aimed at the synthesis of herb-based anti-tan medicine and the evaluation of its various parameters for its efficiency as well as stability. Materials & Methods: The herbal preparation was prepared in-house according to the proposed composition, using all the natural contents. The dye was evaluated for its different standards. Results: The values of various parameters certified the quality standards of the formulation. The parameters were found to be ample enough for the standardization of herbal medicinal formulation. Conclusion: The prepared herbal pack was found to be appropriate according to all standards and can serve as a better alternative for treating tanning.

Background:In today's global world, most women are experiencing midlife health problems which can affect their lives and mental status. Most of the diseases occurr after childbirth and during pregnancy or gestation period which can lead to severe problems such as postpartum depression (PPD), postmenopausal depression, perimenopausal depression which ultimately affects the mental health condition and develop various depressive episodes which ultimately lead to depression in women.Objective:The review paper gives the information that if there is untreated maternal depression then it can lead to anxiety, fear, negative effect on child development, disruption of the mother-infant relationship, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the early life of infants. Hormone levels are changed at the time of pregnancy.Methods:The data was collected by studying combination of research and review papers from different databases like PubMed, Medline, and Web of science by using search keywords like “Postpartum depression”, “Postmenopausal depression”, “Risk factors”, “Pathogenesis of PPD”, “Predictors of postpartum depression”.Results:This can lead to disrupting the quality of life of menopausal women like deficiency of nutrients, not properly regular physical activities, elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), loss of libido (loss of interest in sexual activities), due to the lack of education, and awareness among the people. Factors like increase in physical activity can naturally help in PPD condition. Mind body therapy, drug therapy and cognitive and mindfulness-based therapies help in hormonal imbalances.Conclusion:It was found that low birth weight and congenital abnormalities in babies lead to affect depression after delivery. It is recommended that health care providers and physicians are provided with information regarding factors contributing PPD and postmenopausal depression. Sleep timings and consumptions of nutraceuticals can help in natural healing with depression amongst women suffering from postpartum, postmenopausal and perimenopausal depression.