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Introduction : Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age group including pregnancy. There are a few reports of prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy from India with prevalence rate ranging from 4.8% to 11%, Subclinical Hypothyroidism is as high as 13.5 % women. Aim & Objective: To study the incidence of sub clinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy and its outcome both in fetus and mother. Material & Method: This prospective study with 50 patients has been conducted from October 2019 to September 2021, in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at VIMSAR Burla after getting clearance from the institutional ethical committee. Observation: The Incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 0.58%. The Common association with maternal complications were preeclampsia (4%), preterm labour (22%), and anti partum haemorrhage (2%).The most common association with neonatal complication observed were low birth weight, intra uterine growth retardation, poor APGAR score, RDS and perinatal deaths. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism requires special consideration because pregnancy induces major changes in thyroid function and maternal thyroid disease can have adverse effect on pregnancy and fetus. Replacement therapy with L-thyroxin is the treatment of choice in hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Introduction: Comprehensive abortion care (CAC)is an intervention proven to prevent maternal death or injury. Disrupted health systems, limited contraception, and a higher instance of sexual violence cause an increase in the number of unintended pregnancies and demand for safe abortion. One of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity is unsafe abortion. 8% of the maternal mortality is contributed by unsafe abortion. Aim & Objective: To identify reasons for seeking CAC services, socio-clinical profile of its users, its effectiveness, acceptance at the level of users and complication. Observation: 65% of patient were educated & were lying between 9th standard to 12th class. Only 0.4% was illiterate among the women receiving CAC. Mean age of patient receiving CAC was 29 years. 25.9% underwent medical method of abortion; maximum patients 46.9% patients did not receive any contraception. 73.8% of patients underwent abortion without complication. Conclusion: Post-abortion care is an opportunity for healthcare professionals to provide education, discuss fertility needs and the need for contraception with women seeking abortion so that appropriate decisions can be taken for suitable family planning.

BACKGROUND About 10 - 15 % of reproductive age couples are affected by infertility.1 According to WHO 60 - 80 million couples currently suffer from infertility.2 Prevalence of infertility is rapidly increasing globally.3 Uterine factors of infertility include uterine anomalies, fibroid uterus, synechiae, Asherman’s syndrome, and failure of implantation without any known primary causes. Congenital uterine malformations are seen in 10 % cases of infertile women. We wanted to evaluate the anomalies of uterus in case of primary and secondary infertility by DHL (diagnostic hysterolaperoscopy). METHODS This is a hospital-based, observational study, conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VIMSAR, Burla, from November 2017 to October 2019. Diagnostic hysterolaparoscopy was done in 100 infertility cases. RESULTS In our study, uterine anomaly i.e. septate uterus was the most common hysteroscopic abnormaly found in 23 cases followed by submucous fibroid, polyp, synechiae and bicornuate uterus. CONCLUSIONS With proper selection of cases, and when done by skilled surgeon, can be considered as standard day care procedure for female infertility evaluation. KEYWORDS Infertility, Uterine Anomalies, Diagnostic Hysterolaparoscopy

BACKGROUND Intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) is a test which is used to monitor the foetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions that can be recorded electronically on a paper trace. The basic principle of intrapartum foetal monitoring is to identify the developing foetal hypoxia in order to prevent subsequent acidaemia and cell damage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the CTG findings in high risk obstetric cases and study the association between abnormal CTG findings with neonatal outcome. METHODS A prospective hospital based study was conducted in 256 high risk pregnant women fulfilling the eligibility criteria, who were admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VSSIMSAR, Burla, over a period of 2 years from November 2017 to October 2019. CTG monitoring was done for the study population and trace was interpreted. Parameters like mode of delivery, colour of liquor, APGAR score, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission were noted and recorded. RESULTS In our study population, normal CTG pattern was observed in 68% while suspicious and pathological pattern was observed in 22.6% and 9.4% pregnancies respectively. Incidence of meconium stained liquor was significantly more among patients with suspicious (67.2%) and pathological (87.5%) traces compared with normal (19%) traces. 10.9% of normal trace, 62.1% of suspicious and 83.3% of pathological trace groups were delivered by Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS). Association of suspicious and pathological pattern in CTG and NICU admission was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Intrapartum CTG monitoring can be used as an important non-invasive tool to diagnose foetal compromise during the course of labour and can help in better management of high risk obstetric patients, thus reducing neonatal mortality.

Introduction: Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) is a common congenital disorder characterised by absence of enteric neurons along a variable length of large bowel involving a segment of the rectum and the adjacent proximal bowel. The definitive diagnosis is based on histopathological study of rectal seromuscular biopsies. Calretinin Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining adds to the diagnostic yield as it allows better appreciation of the mature and immature ganglion cells including the segments with paucity of ganglion cells.Aim: To assess the usefulness of calretinin IHC in the diagnosis of HD as an add-on technique to routine Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack during the period from August 2016 to July 2018. Full thickness rectal biopsy specimens were processed and subjected to routine Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain (H&E) staining and Calretinin IHC staining. A thorough search of ganglion cells was made in both types of stained slides. The observations were tabulated and compared for diagnostic accuracy. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Inc, Chicago IL version 15.0 windows. Through, ANOVA and Chi-square test.Results: Calretinin IHC provided superior diagnostic yield compared to routine H&E staining. A total number of 45 cases were studied. Sensitivity of 95.4% and specificity of 55.5% were obtained. It also presented higher accuracy values, than H&E (p=0.49).Conclusion: Calretinin is a superior immunohistochemical staining method that serves as a reliable additional diagnostic tool for better morphological appreciation of ganglion cells and thereby helps in establishing the diagnosis of HD.