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The progressive reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the human brain, especially at the substantia nigra is one of the principal causes of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Voice alteration is one of the earliest symptoms found in PD patients. Therefore, the impaired PD subjects' acoustic voice signal plays a crucial role in detecting the presence of Parkinson's. This manuscript presents four distinct decision tree ensemble methods of PD detection on a trailblazing ForEx++ rule-based framework. The Systematically Developed Forest (SysFor) and a Penalizing Attributes Decision Forest (ForestPA) ensemble approaches has been used for PD detection. The proposed detection schemes efficiently identify positive subjects using primary voice signal features, viz., baseline, vocal fold, and time-frequency. A novel feature selection scheme termed Feature Ranking to Feature Selection (FRFS) has also been proposed to combine filter and wrapper strategies. The proposed FRFS scheme encompasses Gel's normality test to rank and selects outstanding features from baseline, time-frequency, and vocal fold feature groups. The SysFor and ForestPA decision forests underneath the ForEx++ rule-based framework on both FRFS feature ranking and subset selection represents Parkinson's detection approaches, which expedite a better overall impact on segregating PD from control subjects. It has been observed that the ForestPA decision forest in the ForEx++ framework on FRFS ranked features proved to be a robust Parkinson's detection scheme. The proposed models deliver the highest accuracy of 94.12% and a lowest mean absolute error of 0.25, resulting in an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.97.

Rapid urban proliferation is an indispensable and reciprocal issue in contemporary urban planning and development. This study envisages the prediction-adaptation-resilience (PAR) approach to analyze the future urban landscape resilience and sustainable development goals (SDGs). We have selected a small, unplanned growing up city, namely, Krishnanagar urban agglomeration (KUA), in India, to apply the PAR approach. Therefore, land use land cover map has been prepared for 2000, 2010, and 2020. The result shows the built-up area has been increased most in past 20 years, from 6.36 km2 to 13.23 km2. Then, the cellular automata-Markov chain model is applied to predict the future potential urban development surface for 2030 and 2040. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows 83.6% success rate between the predicted and actual map of CA-Markov. The prediction map of 2030 and 2040 shows that the built-up area continuously expands (13.23 km2 to 16.52 km2) towards KUA's surrounding regions. Consequently, other decreasing land classes will be a threat to SDGs and urban resilience. So, people of KUA are adopting the changing hostile nature of urbanisation and urban vulnerability. Hence, this study will help the local administration to make a proper urban planning and adaptation strategies by maintaining good urban governance to achieve 8 SDGs of UN's 2030 Agenda in future.

Among the industrial sectors upon which the economic development of Bangladesh depends, poultry are the most vital and prominent one. Poultry is obviously a very important and promising sector for economic development. The sources of animal protein in Bangladesh are mainly beef, cheavon, mutton and chicken meat, among them chicken is most popular and common source of meat which can be commonly produced within shortest possible time and can effectively bridge up this nutritional gap at faster time. No such research work has been performed with the effect of body weight at maturity on fertility and hatchability traits in case of broiler parent stock in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted for 20 weeks (22-42 weeks of age). There were three treatment and each treatments had tree replications. Each replication contained 12 hens and 2 males. The treatments were considered as over-weight, standard weight and under-weight group of matured broiler birds. For each strain similar treatment and replication were arranged. For both the strains similar number birds were managed the numbers of birds were 126 for each strain. The original source of the birds was the reputed hatcheries in the Thailand. The birds were procured from the above mention hatcheries through their respective representatives in Bangladesh. The standard body weight group performed better in relation to fertility and hatchability and also in other hatchability traits. Such body weight group should be maintaining under Bangladesh conditions to obtain good potentiality from broiler parents.

The impact of an unlicensed low-cost taxi in Bangladesh is very severe, especially in municipal cities. Day by day the numbers of unlicensed low-cost taxi are increasing by jumping up and creating pressure on traffic and transportation system. The aim of this study is to find out the causes of increasing illegal taxi and the extent of this vehicle in the municipalities of Bangladesh. Pabna municipality is used as a case study due to the more activeness of illegal taxi then the other municipalities. To achieve the objectives, the researcher used a qualitative approach to acquire more depth about the problems. Besides a direct observation of the study area, an open-ended questionnaire survey and HIS survey were conducted. The illegal low-cost taxi is very active it was analyzed through the field survey. A statistical model was developed to understand the actual causes of increasing illegal low-cost taxi, where ten predicted hypotheses (age, education level, marital status and family member support of illegal drivers, and the variable of commuter satisfaction e.g. safety, comfort, continuous service, affordability of service, reliability of service and driver behavior) were tested. The model was run through the multiple regression analyses technique in SPSS and the result proved that education level of illegal low-cost taxi drivers, and the commuter satisfaction variable (safety and comfort) had a positive and significant effect of increasing illegal low-cost taxi in the study area. However other variable had no significant effect in case of increasing illegal low-cost taxi. Besides the safety and comfort, steady job for the operators, provision of continuous, individual and door to door service system are the main reasons for increasing the illegal low-cost taxi in the study area. Finally, the researcher concludes with the requirement of some necessary action from the responsible authority on vehicular regulation for the improvement of the local public transport system in Bangladesh.

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017. Mesostructured manganese phosphonate (MnP) with a uniform nanorod morphology has been prepared through an easy surfactant-mediated procedure, in which cetyltrimethylammonium bromide acts as a structure-directing agent and 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid is used as the phosphonic bridging molecule. Suitable interaction between the micelles and precursors is proved to play an essential role in the formation of a mesophase. By optimizing the reaction conditions (e.g., Mn/P ratio, pH, and aging time), a mesostructure can be realized in manganese phosphonate. Furthermore, our MnP sample shows great potential as a high-performance pseudocapacitive material due to the abundant accessible active sites and rapid ion/electron transportation arising from the unique mesostructural architecture.

The length-weight relationships (LWRs) were studied for 814 individuals covering eight families and 12 species of fish, e.g., Botia dario, Botia lohachata, Channa orientalis, Esomus danricus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Macrognathus pancalus, Nandus nandus, Ompok pabda, Pethia phutunio, Pethia ticto, Trichogaster fasciata and Trichogaster lalius captured from the Gajner beel floodplain, northwestern (NW) Bangladesh. Samples were collected occasionally from catches of fishermen from November 2014 to October 2015 using different types of traditional fishing gear, including gill net (mesh size ranges from 1.0 to 3.0cm), cast net (mesh size ranges from 1.0 to 2.0cm), square lift net (mesh size similar to 1.0cm) and conical and box trap. The total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were measured for each individual. The allometric co-efficient b values ranged between 2.64 (B.lohachata) to 3.27 (N.nandus) and were highly significant, with p

This study records new maximum lengths and provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) for two small indigenous fishes, Corica soborna (Hamilton, 1822) and Mystus bleekeri (Day, 1877), from the Ganges River in northwestern Bangladesh. Fishes were sampled sporadically using gill nets and cast nets from August 2015 to July 2016. New maximum recorded lengths weere 5.3cm total length (TL) for C.soborna and 17.7cm TL for M.bleekeri. The LWRs were highly significant (p.958. These findings will play a significant role in the fisheries resource management.

Fragestellung: Die Lebensqualität von chronischen Lymphödem-Patienten ist sehr stark eingeschränkt und häufig Folge einer Brustkrebsbehandlung. Die komplexe physikalische Entstauungstherapie ist weiterhin der Goldstandard in der Behandlung des chronischen Lymphödems. Chirurgische[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft der Plastischen, Rekonstruktiven und Ästhetischen Chirurgen (DGPRÄC), 21. Jahrestagung der Vereinigung der Deutschen Ästhetisch-Plastischen Chirurgen (VDÄPC)

In conventional Raman spectroscopic measurements of liquids or surfaces the preferred geometry for detection of the Raman signal is the backscattering (or reflection) mode. For non-transparent layered materials, sub-surface Raman signals have been retrieved using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), usually with light collection in the same plane as the point of excitation. However, as a result of multiple scattering in a turbid medium, Raman photons will be emitted in all directions. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations for a three-dimensional layered sample with finite geometry have been performed to confirm the detectability of Raman signals at all angles and at all sides of the object. We considered a non-transparent cuboid container (high density polyethylene) with explosive material (ammonium nitrate) inside. The simulation results were validated with experimental Raman intensities. Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that the ratio of sub-surface to surface signals improves at geometries other than backscattering. In addition, we demonstrate through simulations the effects of the absorption and scattering coefficients of the layers, and that of the diameter of the excitation beam. The advantage of collecting light from all possible 4 angles, over other collection modes, is that this technique is not geometry specific and molecular identification of layers underneath non-transparent surfaces can be obtained with minimal interference from the surface layer. To what extent all sides of the object will contribute to the total signal will depend on the absorption and scattering coefficients and the physical dimensions. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.