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This article, titled "A STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF 50 PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND TO EVALUATE ROLE OF NONINVASIVE PREDICTOR OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES," explores the clinical profile of 50 patients with portal hypertension and evaluates the role of noninvasive predictors of esophageal varices. The study found that there is a significant correlation between platelet count and esophageal varices, with a higher risk of varices in patients with lower platelet counts. Additionally, the study found that spleen size is also correlated with the presence and grade of esophageal varices. The authors suggest that noninvasive parameters such as platelet count and spleen size ratio could be useful in identifying patients at higher risk for esophageal varices, particularly in resource-constrained areas. [Extracted from the article]

Bardet--Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare disorder with a frequency of 1:1,60,000. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Less than 15 cases have been reported from India. We present a case of Bardet--Biedl syndrome presenting to the medical emergency with acute breathlessness because of de-compensated renal failure and salient features such as marked polydactyly, central obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, end-stage renal diseases, and mental retardation. Genetic study showed that the patient had BBS genetic variant 9 (MIM#615896), VUS variant. The patient was primarily treated for end-stage chronic renal failure with hemodialysis. We are reporting this case for its rarity and the presence of a novel genetic variant of an unidentified significance as per genome mapping. BBS is often not diagnosed at all or diagnosed late until end-stage renal failure sets in. Timely diagnosis might not help treat the condition but surely improve the quality of life for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: WHO announced influenza A H1N1 as pandemic (commonly known as swine flu) in 2009; but every year there is increase in influenza A H1N1 positive cases causing epidemics of febrile respiratory illness due to genetic re-assortment in influenza virus. This study aimed for clinical profile of patient with influenza A H1N1 and its outcome admitted at civil hospital Ahmedabad. Materials and methods: Present study was included 50 patients with influenza A H1N1; admitted in B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. This study was carried out for one year from June 2018 to June 2019. Patients were studied and managed as per standard Government of India protocol. Results: Total 50[19 (38%) males and 31 (62%) females] patients were studied for clinical spectrum, complications and outcome. All patients had fever (100%), dry cough in 92% of patients, throat pain in 88% of patients, breathlessness in 54% of patients, headache in 48% of patients, sputum production in 40% of patients and hemoptysis in 6% of patients. 35 (70%) patients had comorbidity. Total13 (26%) patients were complicated; out of which 4 (8%) patients required ventilatory support. Conclusion: Early case detection, categorizations according to symptoms prevention of treatment has better outcome and decreases disease related morbidity and mortality and burden of disease in community and voluntary early reporting should be encouraged through various health campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seizure disorder is a one of major health problem in adults mostly in late adulthood in which chances of seizures are increased especially due to comorbidities like cerebrovascular stroke, CNS infection (tuberculoma, viral encephalitis), degenerative disease of brain, and brain tumor. Materials and methods: We studied 50 adult patients to identify various etiology of seizures. We checked for various parameters like complete blood count, blood sugar level, renal function tests with electrolytes, liver function tests, brain imaging and Electroencephalogram (EEG). Results: With the help of this study, we identify that most common cause for seizure was idiopathic in less than 50 years of age and post stroke epilepsy in more than 50 years of age. Generalized tonic clonic seizure was most common type of seizure. With the help of newer neuro-imaging modalities and EEG it was possible to find out specific etiology of seizure, so EEG and imaging study should be integral part of investigation work of patient with seizure disorder. Conclusion: The present study was an effort to find out the various etiology and type of seizures in adult its types and clinical profile and response to antiepileptic drugs. Every patient should be investigated thoroughly and diagnosed and best suitable drug given depending upon type of seizures to the patient for proper control of seizures and also improve morbidity and mortality due to seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The clinical diagnosis of heart failure may be difficult and may pose a particular challenge in patients presenting with acute shortness of breath (SOB) in the emergency department (ED). The present study was done to identify easily the heart failure patients and their prognostication by doing BNP level. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of patients 50 patients presenting to the hospital with acute cardiac failure diagnosed on the basis of Framingham Criteria and excluded the patients with creatinine level >2mg/dl. Results: We found high BNP levels in patients with high NYHA class of failure, high CPKMB value, more LVEDD, low ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction and mortality is also high in those patients. Conclusion: This study showed higher value of BNP level in patients with low ejaction fraction, with diastolic dysfunction, with higher NYHA class and with higher mortality. We can recognize the importance of BNP level as a marker of both diagnostic and prognostic significance. The value of such an investigation in the overall treatment of acute Dyspnea on Exertion in the emergency department cannot be understated. BNP levels can help doctors in the ED to both effectively and conclusively diagnose and prognosticate heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In today's era lifestyle related diseases like diabetes mellitus, have emerged as a major public health problem. Diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic disorder, which accounts for a high incidence of morbidity leads to various events including micro and macro vascular complications. This study aims to assess the baseline levels of (KAP) knowledge, attitude and practices of general population of Vadodara. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out on general population of Vadodara with the help of a suitably designed and validated KAP questionnaire. The questionnaire was pretested and verified for errors. The data was analyzed statistically. Results: Altogether, 60.12 % of respondents scored 100% in the questions related with knowledge. However 23.54% scored 100% in the attitude questions and12.80% scored 100% in practice questions. Conclusions: We can conclude that the responders had good knowledge but poor attitude and practice towards diabetes. We can overcome this by increasing quality of health education and improving applicability of scope of health education at all level. The effect of the hormonal changes associated with menopause may play an important role in most cardiovascular disorders in post-menopausal women. So the present study was undertaken to identify various cardiovascular profile changes in postmenopausal women and women were recruited for the study. We check for various parameters like hypertension, diabetes, Ischemic heart disease, Cerebrovascular Stroke, metabolic syndrome, anaemia, fundus examination. Results: Prevalence of Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, CV stroke, ischemic heart disease is higher in postmenopausal women. Five deaths due to cardiovascular disease were observed. This study showed high prevalence of most of the conventional cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and other risk factors in postmenopausal women. Therefore it is important to consider each and every postmenopausal woman to undergo screening for cardiovascular profile and very important to identify and treat these cardiovascular risk factors properly to prevent mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]