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The recent trends show the interconnection of PV system with electric grid. With this configuration the issue of harmonics comes into existence. The mounting figure of power-electronic instruments has formed considerable impression on the power-quality of electric supply. Harmonics deformations have conventionally been handled amid the application of passive-LC filters. Active Filter has emerged as a good substitute for passive filters to reduce the harmonics to great extent as it has numerous benefits over the former filters. The active filter’s most vital part is the applied control strategies. Several researches are being under process to advance the functioning of the filter. One of the important control requirements of filter is the regulation of DC link up capacitor voltage. Here the voltage supervision of capacitor is being done using PI controller. The paper show current harmonics compensation of PV grid connected system using PI controller based active filter. Simulation outcomes have been shown which displays the harmonics are within the IEEE boundaries.

The world is looking towards effective and efficient sources of energy. The generation of Wind Power across the globe is raised. This paper illustrates a detailed analysis of the voltage stability of the wind integrated system. The 14 Bus IEEE system was used as the study case. STATCOM is used for the improvement of Voltage stability. In this paper power system analysis toolbox of Matlab software is used for the analysis of stability.

Present energy trends reveal that the energy demands are growing at faster rate. Increased demands due to growing population. Thus, comes into action the need of hour i.e. uses of several forms of renewable energy. These days the recent trend is to focus on sustainable ecofriendly development. Outcome is to increased load demands and rapidly declining conventional sources like fossil fuels including coal, natural gas and petroleum, there comes the alarming need of introducing interest in development of sources that can be refreshed including sun, wind power and many more. Among these the major development and scope lies in the field of using photovoltaic in multilevel inverters to obtain voltages at various levels as compare to the conventional traditional inverter. This paper provides an overview of technical, economic and policy aspects of multilevel inverters with various topologies. This paper also provides an overview of the recent trends in the arena of power quality including the present scenario, available sources and potential, ongoing projects are designed for a better and efficient output with reduced harmonics

With the growing requirement of energy and draining resources, the globe is approaching toward the renewable sources of supply. India is moving along with the world to extensively utilize the natural sources. One of the natural sources that is readily available in the country is the solar source. With the development in solar systems, rooftop solar photovoltaic system is an appealing alternate source of electricity for any industry or household. On contrast to the conventional source of generation, the sunrays are obtainable at zero cost and produce pollution-free electricity. The possibility of PV system at a certain site is evaluated through the availability of area, availability of sunrays, requirement of demand, etc. The technical specifications can be calculated using software simulation tools. This paper presents the performance analysis of a 150 kW grid-tied photovoltaic system mounted on the rooftop of an industry. Performance analysis of this grid-connected PV plants can assist in designing, functioning, and maintenance of a new grid-connected PV system.

Photovoltaic solar system installed at the rooftop is prevailing as an alternative source for the production of electricity. The terrace space can be effective utilized to reduce electricity bills. The government is also supporting the rooftop PV system installation by providing subsidies and other support. With the advent of power electronic devices, it has become quite simple to install a PV system. The power quality concern is the most important aspect which needs to be taken care of while installing and operating the PV system. The paper shows the harmonic analysis of a grid-connected PV system installed at the roof of a building. The analysis of harmonics helps in for a better operation and provides a way to improve the power quality of the system.

The sustainable energy souces have become predominant in many countries due to its increasing transportation demands. Additionally, sustainable power sources are endless, clean and they can be utilized as a part of decentralized way.. the method put forward in the paper explores the cost and size advancement display for sun oriented based power framework exhibit with Electric Renewable (HOMER) programming optimized with the hybrid power. We display sustainable power framework contain sun oriented, and diesel control age with battery stockpiling at NasiK, Maharashtra, India. A framework is composed in view of site observational climate and load information. We upgrade an issue to limit sums up to the actual cost , working as well as running expense of the sustainable energy source framework for the load 10 kW.

The requirement for energy is a heed required issue for countries like India. These are in the clasp of the inadequacy of non-renewable sources of energy. It becomes necessary for them to look for the bonzer solutions of energy production which are having less cost, pollution-free and more reliable. India is also one of the leading countries among these countries that want to alienate a polluted and expensive source of power generation. Power generation to accomplish the power requirement of the country is the biggest challenge for our country. Interconnected Wind farms bring new challenges to power system operation. The development of wind power is going rapidly. The major point of concern in the integration of wind power is voltage stability. This paper highlights on the applications of the FACTS devices for achieving stable voltages in Distributed Generation systems based on wind.

The issue of Voltage instability is very common in grid connected wind based Distributed generation system. One of the main reason for the same is reactive power capability of system is not sufficient to meet demand & this can be resolved with the help of FACTS device like SVC. This paper emphasizes the role of SVC i.e. Static VAR Compensator in voltage stability enhancement of Wind based Distribution system. SVC is having potential to provide dynamic compensation support which enhances the voltage stability. The simulation work is been carried out in Simulink tool of Matlab.

Renewable energy is the most efficient green energy technology in today's scenario for sustainable development. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software is used in this paper for optimal design and analysis of a grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) based power generation system to supply load to proposed study area of administrative building of technical institute located at Nashik, Maharashtra(with latitude and longitude of 20.5°N, 73.5°E respectively). In this paper, the analysis is done in two modes i.e. grid connected PV system and with only grid connected (reference) system. The results obtained after simulation are mainly on the basis of different costs like net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE)and also operating cost. On the basis of these results, two modes are compared. Performance of the model is evaluated for techno-economic feasibility and at the end sensitivity analysis is performed for optimization the system at various conditions of nominal discount rate and expected inflation rate.

Climate changing is a global threat to the world. There are so many reasons behind this problem. One of the major reasons is carbon emissions in atmosphere. The causes for this global threat are many, among them GHG (green house gas emission) is one of them. Also deforestation, land use change, sulfate aerosol and black carbon are the other major reason leading to the ozone layer depletion and changing climate. Due to the carbon emission atmosphere is being polluted and also so many disasters happen routinely. Atmosphere is getting hot day by day. Due to this unnatural and sudden temperature rise, glaciers are melting, so sudden flash floods occur. Agricultural sector is also suffering due to the global warming effects. This will also affect the productivity of grains world wide. Climate changing increases land and as well as sea temperature and alters precipitation quantity and patterns. As a result increasing the global average sea level, risk of coastal erosions, etc. climate change will be an added stress for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Effects will also be severe on coasts and marine ecosystems. Extreme events like drought, flood may also happen due to these impacts. This paper elaborately present the current situation of climate changing and the causes of its vulnerable effects, also the mitigation action of climate changing are also discussed.

Hybrid energy system (HES) is a combination of different renewable resources such as wind, solar, biomass, small/micro hydro, with fossil fuel powered diesel generator to provide electric power. This paper gives the design idea of optimized Hybrid Energy System for a certain technical college over a conventional diesel generator for a particular site in eastern India (Kolkata). For this hybrid system ,the meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken for Kolkata-Eastern India (Longitude 88°22’and Latitude 22°34’) and the pattern of load consumption of technical college are studied and suitably modelled for optimization of the hybrid energy system using HOMER software. This paper gives the detail hypothetical study for standalone hybrid energy system for technical institute in five stages: (a) recent electric bill of the college for the year 2011. (b) Studying the load demand for every month in a year. (c) Calculating the maximum, minimum and the average load demand. (d) Introducing the solar data in HOMER software. (e) Designing the hybrid model. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. It should reduced approximate 70% - 80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and also reduced the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments. The action plan is formed on the basis of cost effective modelling that is minimization of energy production cost in a long run.

Cellular mobile service is a rapidly expanding and a very competitive business worldwide, including developing countries. This paper proposes that the suitable alternative solution of grid power is the stand-alone PV/wind hybrid energy system with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in isolated areas. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system would provide very good opportunities for mobile telephony base station in near future. In addition, protecting the environment and combating climate change are two of the most pressing challenges facing humankind. As energy prices soar, network operators are increasingly scrutinizing their environmental and social responsibilities. This system will be more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. Approximately 70–80% fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and the emission of CO2 and other harmful gasses in environments were reduced.

The present study was aimed at characterising the Escherichia coli isolates (71) obtained from milk (raw milk – 44 and pasteurised milk – 12) and milk products (ice cream – 11 and shrikhand – 4) with their molecular typing. The study revealed 12.6% (9/71) Shigatoxigenic strain with their presence in raw milk (13.6%, 6/44), ice cream (9%, 1/11) and shrikhand (50%, 2/4). However, none of the E. coli isolates from pasteurised milk found positive for Shigatoxigenic strain. The enteropathogenic strains were 4.2% (3/71) with their presence in raw milk (4.5%, 2/44) and ice cream (9%, 1/11), whereas enteropathogenic strain was absent in pasteurised milk and shrikhand. The occurrence of enterotoxigenic heat-labile strains (elt) - 13.5% (6/44) and heat-stable strains (est)- 4.5% (2/44) in raw milk with overall presence of 8.4% (6/71) and 2.8% (2/71), respectively, for elt and est. These strains were not found in pasteurised milk, ice cream and shrikhand. The study revealed the presence of toxigenic strains in raw milk as well as processed products, which is matter of concern as the pathogen had shown public health hazard in many counties across globe.

The wind and solar energy are omnipresent, freely available, and environmental friendly. The wind energy systems may not be technically viable at all sites because of low wind speeds and being more unpredictable than solar energy. The combined utilization of these renewable energy sources are therefore becoming increasingly attractive and are being widely used as alternative of oil-produced energy. Economic aspects of these renewable energy technologies are sufficiently promising to include them for rising power generation capability in developing countries. A renewable hybrid energy system consists of two or more energy sources, a power conditioning equipment, a controller and an optional energy storage system. These hybrid energy systems are becoming popular in remote area power generation applications due to advancements in renewable energy technologies and substantial rise in prices of petroleum products. Research and development efforts in solar, wind, and other renewable energy technologies are required to continue for, improving their performance, establishing techniques for accurately predicting their output and reliably integrating them with other conventional generating sources. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the design, operation and control requirement of the stand-alone PV solar–wind hybrid energy systems with conventional backup source i.e. diesel or grid. This Paper also highlights the future developments, which have the potential to increase the economic attractiveness of such systems and their acceptance by the user.

The speech enhancement is one of the effective techniques to solve speech degraded by noise, that the speech recognitions performance in noisy environment should be investigated. In this paper the approach is to estimate the speech enhancement performance with different noise reduction algorithms using adaptive filters like LMS, NLMS and UNANR. In my approach the different noise cancellation algorithms are analyses and their performance of these algorithms is estimated. The effectiveness of these noise reduction algorithms evaluated by experiments using the MATLAB R2013a software tool and develops stimulink for different noise reduction algorithms and analyses their performance to know the better noise cancellation algorithm suits in adverse noisy condition. The proposed parametric formulation describes the original method and several of its modifications. Based on the mathematical formulation, the speech spectral amplitude estimator is derived and optimized by minimizing the mean-square error (MSE) of the speech spectrum and also draw the analysis results between SNR versus PSNR with reduction of simulation time.

Alternative energy sources are seen as reliable substitutions to conventional energy sources in modern days because of their renewable and pollution-free properties. In this regard Distributed Generation (DG) has to play a vital role in the energy supplydemand realm. Consequently inverter technology has gained extreme importance and the study of the control structures of the inverter has become an important area of research. In this paper, a theoretical analysis, control and simulation of a grid connected three phase inverter has been given. The investigated control strategy is based on the feed forward current control method using conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller in the synchronous rotating reference frame.

Vehicle License Plate Detection plays a pivotal role in Vehicle License Plate Recognition for commercial as well as private vehicle for intelligent transportation system. This paper presents a robust method for Vehicle License Plate Detection in various cases. Here an algorithm is devised to detect Vehicle License Plate region using RGB (Red Green Blue) filtering, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Geometrical features of Vehicle License Plate. This method uses color information to approximate the region of License Plate and then utilizes OCR to eliminate undesired region. Finally geometrical features of License Plate are used to extract the actual License Plate. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is robust, accurate and works well in various environmental conditions.

This paper proposes the most feasible configuration of a stand alone PV/Wind Hybrid Energy System with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in isolated areas of Central India. It is expected that the newly developed and installed system will provide very good opportunities for mobile telephony base station in near future. The meteorological data of Solar Insolation, hourly wind speed, are taken for Bhopal, Central India and the pattern of load consumption of mobile base station are studied and suitably modeled for pre-feasibility study of the hybrid energy system. This system is more cost effective and environmental friendly over the conventional diesel generator. It should reduced approximate Seventy to Eighty percent fuel cost over conventional diesel generator and also reduced the emission of Carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses in environments.