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Introduction: Any abnormal protrusion of the viscus or a portion of it through a weak spot in the anterior abdominal wall other than the femoral and inguinal regions is referred to as a ventral hernia. A hernia is also defined as an abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the cavity wall where it usually resides. Hernias are divided into two categories depending on their visibility-a) External hernias include those visible from the outside, such as those in the inguinal, epigastric, femoral, and incisional hernias. b) Internal hernia that is not visible from the outside and can exist between two adjacent cavities, such as the abdomen and thorax, or which can herniate into a sub-compartment of a pre-existing cavity, such as a diaphragmatic hernia or a hiatus hernia. Materials and methods: A hospital based-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 years i.e., from 1st December' 2020 to 30th November' 2022 in the Department of General Surgery at Siddhartha Medical College and General Hospital, Vijayawada. During the study period of 24 months, about ninety four (94) patients with ventral hernias have attended the OPD of Department of Surgery. Among the 94 ventral hernia patients about 63 patients who were in accordance with inclusion criteria were considered. A purposive sampling method was used to select ventral hernia Patients who were between 18-70 years of age. Results: The distribution of patients based on clinical types of ventral hernia, majority 49.2 p.c (31) of the patients were with paraumbilical hernia followed by epigastric hernia among 31.7 p.c (20) of the patients and 19 p.c (12) of the patients were with umbilical hernia respectively. majority 47.6 p.c (30) of the patients had only swelling followed by swelling with pain among 41.3 p.c (26) of the patients, 7.9 p.c (5) of the patients had swelling with irreducibility and 3.2 p.c (2) of the patients had swelling with intestinal obstruction. Conclusion: The incidence of ventral hernias was more among females when compared to males. The operative procedure conducted through laparoscopy for ventral hernia repair gave more promising results than open ventral hernia repair in terms of decreased postoperative pain, complications, duration of hospital stay, and return to normal activity duration. In terms of costeffectiveness, open hernia repair was more beneficial when compared to laparoscopic hernia repair. Still, due to government initiatives towards helping the poor through medical & surgical expenses, laparoscopic hernia repair was more advisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perforation Peritonitis is caused mostly by the perforation of a diseased viscus. Abdominal trauma, ingestion of a sharp foreign body, and iatrogenic perforation are additional causes of perforation. The diagnosis is mostly based on clinical findings. Objectives: To assess the validity of modified POSSUM score in Peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation. Methods: A total of 50 patients admitted in Department of General Surgery, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, who are diagnosed with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation were included. The data was collected using the POSSUM scoring system's criteria. The patients' outcomes were recorded as death/alive; complicated/uncomplicated, and statistical analysis was performed by comparing predicted and observed outcomes. Results: Out of 50 cases, 18% of the cases died, Complications were seen in 70% of the cases of which multiple complications were seen in 32% of the cases, Deep infection and septicemia was seen in 10% of the cases each, Wound infection a chest infection was seen in 6% of the cases each. Pyrexia of unknown origin, impaired renal function and urinary tract infection was seen in 2% of the cases each. The parameters Glasgow scale, perforation to operation time, mode of surgery, malignancy, multiple procedures, comorbidities and predicted risk of mortality were statistically significant. The sensitivity was 91.11%, specificity was 100%, PPV was 100% and NPV was 55.56% and accuracy was 92%. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study suggest that the POSSUM scoring system can be used to predict the mortality and morbidity of patients undergoing surgery for Perforative peritonitis. Taking into consideration variables such as perforation to surgical intervention can help in enhancing the scoring system. As a result, modifying the scoring system based on the surgery would enhance the patients' outcomes, enabling them to receive better healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a challenging problem to every clinician in day to day practice. Super-oxidized Solution is a newer concept in the wound management. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of dressings with super-oxidized solution versus povidone iodine in the management of infected diabetic ulcers. Materials and methods: This one year randomized controlled trial was conducted on a total of 60 patients presenting with infected diabetic ulcers. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 each based on computer generated randomization that is, group A (Topical super-oxidized solution dressing) and group B (Topical povidone iodine dressing). Wound was observed for decrease in size of the ulcer, granulation, tissue quality and discharge from the wound at the end of each week for two weeks. Results: In the present study, 76.67% of patients in group A and B were males and the male to female ratio was 3.2:1. The mean group A was 55.90 ± 14.27 years compared to 51.50 ± 13.18 years in group B. Type 2 diabetes was present in 96.67% and 93.33% of patients in group A and B. The mean initial ulcer area in group A was 3882 ± 1890 mm²compared to 3992 ± 2000 mm²in group B. The mean final area in group A was significantly low (1607 ± 862 mm²) compared to group B (2351 ± 1240 mm²; p=0.009) and the comparison of mean change in ulcer area was significantly high in group A compared to group B (2215 ± 1060 mm²vs 1641 ± 856 mm²; p=0.024). The mean percentage reduction in ulcer area among patients with group A was significantly high (58.90 ± 5.21 percent vs. 40.90 ± 8.76 percent; p=0.024).The commonest organism isolated in group A was Escherichia coli 26.67%) and in group B, it was staphylococcus. The culture was positive in 26% of the patients in group A compared to 50% in group B (p=0.063). Conclusion: Overall, topical super-oxidized solution dressings accelerated the healing process resulting in faster recovery through reduction in ulcer area in patients infected with diabetic ulcers compared to topical povidone iodine dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]