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Objective: a comparative study of the peculiarities of pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in presence and in absence of interstitial lung disease (ILD).Material and methods. The study included 1034 patients with active RA who met the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. Patients were divided into two groups: with ILD according to high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs (n=82) and without ILD or other types of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including bronchial asthma (52 patients excluded; n=900). Based on medical documentation, archived medical records and medical history, a “drug card” was created for all stages of pharmacotherapy of patients with active RA. The Cumulative Illness Index Score (CIRS) was used to assess the profile and severity of comorbidities.Results and discussion. The main indicators of RA activity in the patients of the two groups were comparable, but a greater number of comorbidities (p˂0.0001) and a higher value of the CIRS multimorbidity index (p˂0.0001) were found in the group with ILD. The presence of ILD had no influence on the frequency of prescription, the total duration of use and the maximum dose of glucocorticoids (GC) (p˂0.05). The average dose of GC was statistically significantly higher in the group with ILD (p=0.008). These patients were taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): methotrexate (p=0.04), leflunomide (p=0.02) and sulfasalazine (p=0.03), less frequently, but they took hydroxychloroquine significantly more frequently (p=0.02) with a comparable total duration of use of each medication. RA patients with ILD and without ILD received biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) in 62.2 and 59.6% of cases, respectively (p˂0.05). At the same time, patients without ILD had experience of taking a greater number of different bDMARDs/tsDMARDs (p=0.03). In the group with ILD, patients more frequently received anti-B-cell therapy (p˂0.0001) and significantly less frequently drugs of other classes: tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (p˂0.0001) and interleukin 6 inhibitors (p=0.01), T-cell costimulation blocker (p=0.04) and Janus kinase inhibitors (p=0.001). Patients with ILD were statistically significantly older at the start of bDMARD/tsDMARD therapy (p˂0.0001), and the period from the onset of RA to the start of bDMARD/tsDMARD therapy was comparable in both groups (p˂0.05).Conclusion. The observed peculiarities of pharmacotherapy in the group with ILD (frequency of use, choice and dose of GC, DMARDs, biologics and tsDMARDs) are probably related to the presence of ILD on the one hand and to the characteristics of concomitant pathology and older age on the other, as the activity of RA was comparable in our patients with and without ILD.

Objective: to compare the course of “rheumatoid disease” in multimorbid patients with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD).Material and methods. Two groups were formed of 1034 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who met the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria: one group with ILD identified by high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs (n=82) and another – without ILD (n=900). In all patients, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined using the Cockroft–Gault formula. The presence and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was assessed depending on the eGFR level: stage I CKD was diagnosed in eGFR

The aim of this article was an attempt to answer the question: is necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis a late stage of nodular sarcoidosis or an independent disease? In order to better understand the designated topic, as part of the description of the clinical case, a differential diagnosis of a number of granulomatous diseases with vasculitis was carried out. The main emphasis was placed on the accurate interpretation of pathomorphological features in each individual case.

FTIR spectroscopy method of a single frustrated total internal reflection was used to study 53 samples of coniferous wood and 77 samples of deciduous wood of the middle zone of Russia. Characteristic absorption bands in IR spectra were described, absorption band places characteristic for coniferous and deciduous wood were revealed. Characteristic differences in the spectra of coniferous and deciduous wood species suitable for their identification were determined. Using the established characteristic differences, the wood species of three archaeological materials were identified. The results of approbation of the previously proposed method of identification of archaeological wood species by IR spectroscopy of a single frustrated total internal reflection were presented. It is shown that the most promising diapason for identification species of archaeological wood samples is 1270-1220 cm-1, where two bands of different intensity were detected. In the spectra of coniferous wood the more intensive band is located in about 1265 cm-1 and in the spectra of deciduous species – about 1230 cm-1.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common among schizophrenia patients, and one of MetS’s causes may be an imbalance in nitric oxide regulation. In this study, we examined associations of three polymorphic variants of the nitric oxide synthase 1 adapter protein (NOS1AP) gene with MetS in schizophrenia. NOS1AP regulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase, which controls intracellular calcium levels and may influence insulin secretion. The aim of the investigation was to study polymorphic variants of the NOS1AP gene as possible markers of MetS in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 489 Caucasian patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) from Siberia (Russia) were included in the study, and 131 (26.8%) patients had MetS (IDF classification, 2007). The participants were genotyped for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in NOS1AP (rs12143842, rs10494366, and rs12029454). Logistic regression was used for association analysis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms, sex, and age served as covariates; the dependent variable was the coded parameter of the presence/absence of MetS. Polymorphisms rs12143842 and rs10494366 showed a stable association even after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons (p = 0.005 and 0.002, respectively), indicating a statistically significant contribution of these polymorphic variants to the pathogenesis of MetS. Our results suggest that in patients with schizophrenia, NOS1AP may be involved in MetS pathophysiology.

Introduction The glutamatergic system plays an important role in the neurobiology of schizophrenia. A lot of number of variants in the GRIN genes have been found in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders (Myers et al. F1000Res 2019; 8(F1000 Faculty Rev) 1940). GluN2A, encoded by the GRIN2A gene, is the most abundant of the GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the mammalian CNS. Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia vary among individuals. The GRIN2A gene has previously been shown to be associated with early onset schizophrenia (Poltavskaya et al. Life (Basel) 2021; 11(10) 997). Objectives The aim of the study was to identify associations of the GRIN2A gene rs11644461 polymorphism with features of the course of schizophrenia. Methods This study was carried out in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki 1975). 805 patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) were included. Clinical examination and diagnostic evaluation were performed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). From the general group of patients, 2 subgroups were distinguished according to the PANSS survey: 391 patients with leading negative symptoms and 414 patients with leading positive symptoms. Also 2 subgroups were distinguished from the general group of patients: 398 patients with a continuous course of schizophrenia and 257 patients with episodic schizophrenia. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Results An association of the C rs11644461 GRIN2A allele with the continuous course of schizophrenia was revealed (p

Anastasiia S Boiko,1,* Ivan V Pozhidaev,1,* Diana Z Paderina,1 Anna V Bocharova,2 Irina A Mednova,1 Olga Yu Fedorenko,1 Elena G Kornetova,3,4 Anton JM Loonen,5 Arkadiy V Semke,3 Nikolay A Bokhan,6,7 Svetlana A Ivanova1,7 1Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; 2Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; 3Endogenous Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; 4University Hospital, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation; 5Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 6Addictive Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; 7Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Anton JM LoonenUnit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AV, the NetherlandsTel +31 50 363 7576Email a.j.m.loonen@rug.nlPurpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. FTO gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, but the available scientific data concerning their relationship to antipsychotic drug-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome is still incomplete and inconsistent, which indicates that continuing the investigation of this gene’s role is necessary.Patients and Methods: In the present study, 517 patients with schizophrenia underwent antipsychotic drug treatment, and two groups were identified: patients with MetS and without MetS. Genotyping of 6 SNPs in the FTO gene was performed, and the results analyzed using R-programme.Results: We performed a statistical analysis to identify possible associations of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the studied polymorphisms with the presence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients, with the presence of abdominal obesity, and with an increased body mass index. The rs7185735 polymorphism did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg criterion and was excluded. After correcting for differences in age, gender and duration of illnesses, none of the variants was shown to be related to metabolic syndrome or abdominal obesity, but rs9939609, rs1421085, rs3751812 and rs8050136 were associated with body mass index.Conclusion: The present study provides additional support for these SNP’s roles as a pharmacogenetic biomarker that may become useful in the framework of the personalized medicine approach.Keywords: schizophrenia, gene polymorphism, body weight, waist circumference, fat mass and obesity associated gene

Patients with migraine and signs of leukoencephalopathy are frequently found to have cognitive impairment (CI), the pathogenesis of which is not entirely clear. The dynamics of CI in these patients during preventive therapy has been little studied.Patients and methods. A six-month follow-up study was conducted in 50 patients (8 men and 42 women; mean age, 41.9±11.9 years) with migraine (mainly chronic one) and signs of cerebral leukoencephalopathy according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals (13 males and 27 females) aged 20 to 64 years (mean age, 42.6±12.0 years). Neuropsychological examinations (the 12-word recall test; the test of literal and categorical associations; the Benton visual retention test, the Munsterberg test; the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the trail making test; the forward and backward digit recall test; the digit-symbol coding test; and the Stroop color test) and studies of emotional disorders (the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Spielberger-Khanin Scale) were performed at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months of preventive therapy for migraine.Results and discussion. The patients with migraine versus the control group were observed to have lower scores of the MoCA (p=0.004), the 12- word recall test (p=0.0003), and the tests of literal (p=0.001) and categorical (p=0.0002) associations. No significant relationship was found between the volume of MRI cerebral white matter lesions and the severity of CI. There was a moderate inverse correlation (correlation coefficient R=-0.41) between the number of headache (HA) days per month and the MoCA score (p

Presented are the results of analysis of paleoanthropological materials — two teeth with gilded surface — found in catacomb 62 (Excavation III) of the Zmeyskiy burial ground (Stn Zmeyskaya, Kirovsky District, North Ossetia — Alania). The burial is dated to the 11th–12th c. This material is unique both for the area and the cultural tradition, and for the specified period. The scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, gas chromatography mass-spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used. It has been determined that gilding was performed using organic binders — a mixture of animal fat, linseed and hemp oils. Based on the coating weakness, as well as traces of gilding detected on the dentin below the enamel layer, it has been concluded that the gilding process was postmortem. The analysis of composition of gold (Au 86.2 wt%, Ag 13.2 wt%), micro- and trace impurities, and its comparison with published data made it possible to attribute this gold to epithermal Au-Ag ores.