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The aim of this study was to determinate the bacterial communities that have potential to use and metabolize barley straw wastes at agricultural soils. Combination of different techniques; traditional isolation methods, metabolism-based methods such as Biolog Ecoplate and high-throughput sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA gene method were used for detailed analysis of samples taken from agricultural fields. Groups of bacteria isolated using barley straw-containing media belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and Bacillus. The Biolog Ecoplate analysis revealed the bacterial metabolic diversity. The AWCD, R, H index results showed that a great potential of substrate utilization ability of the barley straw metabolizing microbial community and greater functional diversity of samples. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to analyse diversity of microbial community associated with barley straw degradation. 16S rRNA gene amplicons indicated that samples showed great bacterial richness. At the phylum level, members of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were found to be intense. However, there were differences among the examples. At genus level Luteimonas and Sphingomonas were dominant in L1-30 and L2-15, in addition Bacillus was in high rate in L1-15 and Brevundimonas, Flavisolibacter and Altererythrobacter were detected in high rate in L2-30 sample. According to these results, the bacterial community can be used for properly decomposition of barley straw wastes which are common wastes in agricultural strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, samples were taken from the three different trout farming ponds of Bilecik, Turkey. Both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were used to determine microbial load, diversity and antibiotic resistant bacteria in these ponds. Counts of mesophilic and coliform bacteria groups in the samples were determined. In addition, in order to determine antibiotic resistant bacterial groups, isolation was performed using a medium containing separately sulfamethacin, sulfamerazine, erythromycin and tetracycline and the isolates were identified by performing rDNA sequence analysis. Within the scope of culture independent studies, total DNA extraction was performed from the water samples taken from the ponds and a next-generation sequencing method was applied to the samples. As a result of experimental data, antibiotic resistant isolates were determined as Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas media, Hafnia alvei, Aeromonas rivipollensis, Pseudomonas protegens, Staphylococcus sp., Kluyvera intermedia, Bacillus pumilus, Aeromonas salmonicida, Bacillus zhangzhouensis and these isolates were found to be resistant to all 4 antibiotics. When analyzing illumina DNA sequencing data, Most of the reads were assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and order Enterobacteriales and Burkholderiales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma is used for many applications such as coating, cleaning, etc. Atmospheric pressure plasma jets can also be used for sterilization. Different types of gases, different electrode design and different microorganism types have been tried for better inactivation recently. Alternative current cold atmospheric pressure (ACP) argon and argon-hydrogen mixture plasmas at the dielectric barrier discharge-like (DBD-like) systems are separately used in this experiment. Different types of microorganism such as Enterecoccus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Listeria monocytogenes were used for the inactivation tests in this study. The main aim was to see the differences of sterilization effect between pure argon and argon-hydrogen mixture discharges by using the new system and to compare the effects of plasma sterilization with different daily disinfectants. It is concluded that the inactivation effects of argon-hydrogen plasma generally have better effect than pure argon discharge. Further investigation of microorganism viability by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that ACP treatment had a detrimental effect on the Escherichia coli and Candida albicans cells through disintegration of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of an ACP decontamination approach for the inactivation of different microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenol-degrading bacteria from different units of wastewater treatment plants were investigated by molecular analyses based on 16S rDNA and LmPH (Large subunit multicomponent phenol hydroxylase) gene. Phenol-degrading bacteria play a key role in the conversion of phenol in wastewater treatment systems. Characterization of these bacteria requires the use of both cultural and molecular techniques. In the present work, the samples were taken from different units of two different wastewater treatment plants in October 2015. In total, 89 phenol-degrading and/or utilizing bacteria were isolated from wastewater samples in mineral salt medium agar with phenol as a sole carbon source. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and LmPH (Large subunit multicomponent phenol hydroxylase) gene were applied. Sixty-five isolates which have LmpH gene were sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that these isolates were Pseudomonas denitrificans, Pseudomonas nitroreducans, Pseudomonas linyingensis, Pseudomonas sp., İdeonella sp., Burkholderia multivorans and Alcaligenes sp. These results showed that phenol utilizing isolates belong to Proteobacteria phylum, especially Gamma and Betaproteobacteria classes' gram negative representatives. In addition, our work has shown the potential use of these isolates in biological treatment of wastewater treatment systems due to degrading phenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet of neon (Ne) at atmospheric pressure and room temperatures was arranged under a high frequency ac power supply. We achieved to obtain an atmospheric pressure glow-like discharge in this study. Not only have the effects on various microorganism been reported, but also atmospheric pressure plasma using Ne has been introduced. The microorganism inactivation by means of the non-thermal plasma were studied with eight kinds of typical microorganism, i.e., Esherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Treatment time was selected as 60 s. According to the Ne emission spectra of the plasma jet and the inactivation results of microorganism after the plasma treatment, it can be discussed that the reactive species in the Ne plasma had an important role in the inactivation of microorganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In wind instrument performance, there is a constant contact between the player and the instrument, during which microorganisms in the mouth flora of the player are transferred into the instrument. The inner surface of the brass instruments provides the perfect environment for microorganisms to grow. As a result, players repeatedly interact with these micro-organisms during playing. In previous studies, different kinds of microorganisms were detected in brass instruments, some of which can carry serious health hazards., Purpose: Revealing the common bacterial populations of brasswind instruments will be helpful in raising awareness among musicians and establishing their habits of cleaning/disinfecting their instruments., Methods: In this study, samples from 4 different areas of 14 brass instruments were collected and analyzed using culture-dependent and -independent (16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing) approaches. The bacterial loads in different parts of the instruments were compared., Results: The amount and variety of bacteria detected in the sampled instruments were unexpectedly large. While some of the found bacteria are harmless, others, such as Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia, may occasionally cause serious infections, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Likewise, the Mycobacterium group includes a type that causes tuberculosis, and the Streptococcus group also shows pathogenic characteristics. The mouthpiece and leadpipe of the instruments had a much larger microbial load compared to the tuning and valve slides., Conclusion: According to the findings, brass instruments may harbor a wide variety of bacteria, some of which are potentially hazardous for the musicians' health, especially if their immune systems are compromised. These risks can be minimized by regularly cleaning and disinfecting the instrument, especially the mouthpiece and leadpipe, which are the areas harboring most of the microorganisms.