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1. Differences in Prediagnostic Serum Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiles Between Cirrhosis Patients with and without Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author

Powell H, Coarfa C, Elisa Ruiz-Echartea, Grimm SL, Najjar O, Yu B, Olivares L, Scheurer ME, Ballantyne C, Alsarraj A, Emad Mohamed Salem, Thrift AP, El Serag HB, and Kaochar S

Subjects
lipid dysregulation, biomarker, fatty acids, machine learning, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Hannah Powell,1,* Cristian Coarfa,2– 4,* Elisa Ruiz-Echartea,2– 4,* Sandra L Grimm,2– 4 Omar Najjar,1 Bing Yu,5 Luis Olivares,6 Michael E Scheurer,6 Christie Ballantyne,1 Abeer Alsarraj,1 Emad Mohamed Salem,1 Aaron P Thrift,1,2,7 Hashem B El Serag,1,2 Salma Kaochar1,2,4 1Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 2Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 3Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 4Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 5Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; 6Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 7Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Salma Kaochar; Hashem B El Serag, Email kaochar@bcm.edu; hasheme@bcm.eduBackground: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for improving patient outcomes, but we lack robust clinical biomarkers. This study aimed to identify a metabolite and/or lipid panel for early HCC detection.Methods: We developed a high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based profiling platform and evaluated differences in the global metabolome and lipidome between 28 pre-diagnostic serum samples from patients with cirrhosis who subsequently developed HCC (cases) and 30 samples from patients with cirrhosis and no HCC (controls). We linked differentially expressed metabolites and lipids to their associated genes, proteins, and transcriptomic signatures in publicly available datasets. We used machine learning models to identify a minimal panel to distinguish between cases and controls.Results: Among cases compared with controls, 124 metabolites and 246 lipids were upregulated, while 208 metabolites and 73 lipids were downregulated. The top upregulated metabolites were glycoursodeoxycholic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, octanoyl-coenzyme A, and glycocholic acid. Elevated lipids comprised glycerol lipids, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas suppressed lipids included oxidized phosphatidylcholine and lysophospholipids. There was an overlap between differentially expressed metabolites and lipids and previously published transcriptomic signatures, illustrating an association with liver disease severity. A panel of 12 metabolites that distinguished between cases and controls with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.98 for the support vector machine (interquartile range, 0.9– 1).Conclusion: Using prediagnostic serum samples, we identified a promising metabolites panel that accurately identifies patients with cirrhosis who progressed to HCC. Further validation of this panel is required.Keywords: lipid dysregulation, biomarker, fatty acids, machine learning

Published
2024

2. Frontmatter

Author

White, James Boyd and Powell, H. Jefferson

Published
2009

3. Contributors

Author

White, James Boyd and Powell, H. Jefferson

Published
2009

6. Law as a Tool

Author

White, James Boyd and Powell, H. Jefferson

Published
2009

14. Privacy’s End

Author

White, James Boyd and Powell, H. Jefferson

Published
2009

16. Introduction

Author

White, James Boyd and Powell, H. Jefferson

Published
2009

17. Developing Cultivation Systems and Better Management Practices for Caribbean Tropical Seaweeds in US Waters

Author

Roberson, L. M., Grebe, G. S., Arzeno-Soltero, I. B., Bailey, D., Chan, S., Davis, K., Goudey, C. A., Kite-Powell, H., Lindell, S., Manganelli, D., Marty-Rivera, M., Ng, C., Rollano, F. Ticona, Saenz, B., Van Cise, A. M., Waters, T., Yang, Z., Yarish, C., Borowitzka, Michael A., Series Editor, Critchley, Alan T., editor, Hurtado, Anicia Q., editor, and Neish, Iain Charles, editor

Published
2024
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19. Impact of statistical uncertainties on the composition of the outer crust of a neutron star

Author

Pastore, A., Neill, D., Powell, H., Medler, K., and Barton, C.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

By means of Monte Carlo methods, we perform a full error analysis on the Duflo-Zucker mass model. In particular, we study the presence of correlations in the residuals to obtain a more realistic estimate of the error bars on the predicted binding energies. To further reduce the discrepancies between model prediction and experimental data we also apply a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network. We show that the root mean square of the model further reduces of roughly 40\%. We then use the resulting models to predict the composition of the outer crust of a non accreting neutron star. We provide a first estimate of the impact of error propagation on the resulting equation of state of the system.

Published
2019
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21. IMAGINING THE UNITED STATES: REFLECTIONS FROM CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Author

Powell, H. Jefferson

Subjects
Imagery (Psychology) -- Political aspects -- Research, Political culture -- Research, Constitutional law -- Models -- Political aspects -- Portrayals, Eidetic imagery -- Political aspects -- Research, Law
Abstract

I INTRODUCTION The United States exists, in an important sense, in our imaginations. This is not unique. There is nothing new or peculiarly American about the idea that a nation [...]

Published
2022

23. Health care utilization and mortality for people with epilepsy during COVID‐19: A population study

Author

Strafford, Huw, primary, Hollinghurst, Joe, additional, Lacey, Arron S., additional, Akbari, Ashley, additional, Watkins, Alan, additional, Paterson, Jan, additional, Jennings, Daniel, additional, Lyons, Ronan A., additional, Powell, H. Robert, additional, Kerr, Michael P., additional, Chin, Richard F., additional, and Pickrell, William O., additional

Published
2024
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24. Epilepsy and the risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and death: A population study

Author

Strafford, Huw, primary, Hollinghurst, Joe, additional, Lacey, Arron S., additional, Akbari, Ashley, additional, Watkins, Alan, additional, Paterson, Jan, additional, Jennings, Daniel, additional, Lyons, Ronan A., additional, Powell, H. Robert, additional, Kerr, Michael P., additional, Chin, Richard F., additional, and Pickrell, William O., additional

Published
2024
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27. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy Compared With Surgery and Radiofrequency Ablation in Two Patient Cohorts: Metastatic Liver Cancer and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author

Baker, A., Berry, L., Hatton, M., Henry, A., Lee, J., Patel, R., Powell, H., Sahdra, S., Slevin, N., Van As, N., Webster, G., Zou, L., Jin, H., Chalkidou, A., Hawkins, M., Summers, J., Eddy, S., Peacock, J.L., Coker, B., Kartha, M.R., Good, J., and Pennington, M.

Published
2021
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28. Beamed neutron emission driven by laser accelerated light ions

Author

Kar, S., Green, A., Ahmed, H., Alejo, A., Robinson, A. P. L., Cerchez, M., Clarke, R., Doria, D., Dorkings, S., Fernandez, J., Mirfyazi, S. R., McKenna, P., Naughton, K., Neely, D., Norreys, P., Peth, C., Powell, H., Ruiz, J. A., Swain, J., Willi, O., and Borghesi, M.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We report on the experimental observation of beam-like neutron emission with peak flux of the order of 10^9 n/sr, from light nuclei reactions in a pitcher-catcher scenario, by employing MeV ions driven by high power laser. The spatial profile of the neutron beam, fully captured for the first time by employing a CR39 nuclear track detector, shows a FWHM divergence angle of 70 degrees, with a peak flux nearly an order of magnitude higher than the isotropic component elsewhere. The observed beamed flux of neutrons is highly favourable for a wide range of applications, and indeed for further transport and moderation to thermal energies. A systematic study employing various combinations of pitcher-catcher materials indicates the dominant reactions being d(p, n+p)^1H and d(d,n)^3He. Albeit insufficient cross-section data are available for modelling, the observed anisotropy in the neutrons' spatial and spectral profiles are most likely related to the directionality and high energy of the projectile ions., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015

30. THE HARLAN COURT: A CONSTITUTIONAL ALTERNATE HISTORY.

Author

POWELL, H. JEFFERSON

Subjects
CONSTITUTIONAL law, LAWYERS, ACTIVISM
Abstract

Walter Dellinger shared the widespread perception that the Burger Court was characterized by "rootless activism" rather than principled constitutional adjudication, and for him this put in question the legitimacy even of decisions that reached outcomes he thought politically or morally desirable. To explain what was wrong with such decisions, he often imagined the Court as it might have been if Justice John Marshall Harlan, who died in 1971, had lived another decade, and inspired an era of constitutional decisions deeply rooted in constitutional tradition and characterized by careful adherence to legal method. This Essay seeks to explain Dellinger's idea and its relevance today. The "Harlan Court" of Dellinger's imagination would have reached its decisions through opinions that generally built on the legacy of the Warren Court by the logical development of precedent, a refusal to practice the Burger Court's frequent tactic of obliquely undermining or underenforcing decisions a majority disapproved, and a commitment to persuading the reader's judgment rather than imposing judgments by rhetorical fiat. Dellinger thought the characteristics of the "Harlan Court" he imagined were equally valuable to correctly identifying the most common error he saw in early twenty-first century constitutional law: the belief or assertion that difficult constitutional issues can be resolved through some method of decision that avoids the exercise of judgment by the decision-maker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

31. No Law

Author

Lange, David L., primary and Powell, H. Jefferson, additional

Published
2020
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32. Integrated optical components on atom chips

Author

Eriksson, S., Trupke, M., Powell, H. F., Sahagun, D., Sinclair, C. D. J., Curtis, E. A., Sauer, B. E., Hinds, E. A., Moktadir, Z., Gollasch, C. O., and Kraft, M.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We report on the integration of small-scale optical components into silicon wafers for use in atom chips. We present an on-chip fibre-optic atom detection scheme that can probe clouds with small atom numbers. The fibres can also be used to generate microscopic dipole traps. We describe our most recent results with optical microcavities and show that single-atom detection can be realised on an atom chip. The key components have been fabricated by etching directly into the atom chip silicon substrate., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2005
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33. Improvement of Laser Cooling of Ions in a Penning Trap by use of the Axialisation Technique

Author

Powell, H. F., de Echaniz, S. R., Phillips, E. S., Segal, D. M., and Thompson, R. C.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We report a study of the axialisation and laser cooling of single ions and small clouds of ions in a Penning trap. A weak radiofrequency signal applied to a segmented ring electrode couples the magnetron motion to the cyclotron motion, which results in improved laser cooling of the magnetron motion. This allows us to approach the trapping conditions of a Paul trap, but without any micromotion. Using an ICCD camera we show that the motion of a single ion can be confined to dimensions of the order of 10 $\mu$m. We have measured increased magnetron cooling rates using an rf-photon correlation technique. For certain laser cooling conditions, the magnetron motion of the centre of mass of the cloud grows and stabilises at a large value. This results in the ions orbiting the centre of the trap together in a small cloud, as confirmed by photon-photon correlation measurements., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the TCPFI 2002 conference, to be published in J. Phys. B

Published
2002

34. Increasing Commitment to Christian Education for Students in Grades 6-12 through Small Groups, Mentoring and Innovative Teaching Strategies.

Author

Powell, H. Grant

Abstract

The study was designed to increase student commitment to Christian education and was conducted in a church youth group of 150 students in grades 6-12, located in a moderate-sized county. The Wednesday evening program for 6th-12th-grade students was attended by a larger number of youth each week than the Sunday A.M. christian education program. Sunday christian education was structured, sequential and focused on learning content. Wednesday evenings were relational and fun. A coalition of leaders was convened for the purpose of creating a new design and restructuring christian education for youth. Small groups, mentoring, and innovative instructional strategies were introduced in the hope that student attendance, interest, and commitment would increase. The attendance records gauged the students' frequency of attendance over a 32-week period. Increased student interest was evidenced through a student survey. Analysis of the data revealed the students actual attendance in Christian education increased, but the proposed frequency of attendance was not met. A majority of the students indicated a heightened interest due to the small group initiatives, but the stated outcome was not realized. An inquiry of student commitment was conducted by an end-of-implementation questionnaire. Students expressed commitment to Christian education but did not meet the questionnaire expectation. Many forms of commitment were implicit in the activities and behavior of the students. Appendices contain a sample attendance record, the group survey and questionnaire. Contains 14 references. (EH)

Published
1995

35. Using the Delphi Technique with Stakeholders To Develop a Definition of After-School Enrichment for Elementary Children.

Author

Powell, H. Grant

Abstract

This practicum sought to develop a consensus definition of what an after-school enrichment program should be, utilizing the Delphi Research Technique, which is designed to collect and synthesize group opinion in an anonymous, interactive, self-repeating, and self-adjusting manner. Three rounds of questionnaires were sent to 31 teachers, school administrators, parents, children, and public officials. Round 1 questionnaires were open-ended, and were returned by 21 participants. Round 2 questionnaires contained statements of specific program attributes gathered in the first round that could be modified, supported, or rejected by the participants. Seventeen completed this stage. Round 3 questionnaires asked the participants to rank-order the 5 most important attributes of an after-school enrichment program, and was completed by 17 participants. The result was a common definition of an ideal after-school enrichment program for elementary school students. (Two appendixes include copies of stakeholder correspondence and the after-school enrichment questionnaire.) (MDM)

Published
1993

36. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals a link between the PI3K pathway and lower estrogen receptor (ER) levels and activity in ER+ breast cancer

Author

Creighton, Chad J, Fu, Xiaoyong, Hennessy, Bryan T, Casa, Angelo J, Zhang, Yiqun, Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana Maria, Lluch, Ana, Gray, Joe W, Brown, Powell H, Hilsenbeck, Susan G, Osborne, C Kent, Mills, Gordon B, Lee, Adrian V, and Schiff, Rachel

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Accumulating evidence suggests that both levels and activity of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR) are dramatically influenced by growth-factor receptor (GFR) signaling pathways, and that this crosstalk is a major determinant of both breast cancer progression and response to therapy. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, a key mediator of GFR signaling, is one of the most altered pathways in breast cancer. We thus examined whether deregulated PI3K signaling in luminal ER+ breast tumors is associated with ER level and activity and intrinsic molecular subtype. Methods We defined two independent molecular signatures of the PI3K pathway: a proteomic (reverse-phase proteomic array) PI3K signature, based on protein measurement for PI3K signaling intermediates, and a PI3K transcriptional (mRNA) signature based on the set of genes either induced or repressed by PI3K inhibitors. By using these signatures, we scored each ER+ breast tumor represented in multiple independent expression-profiling datasets (four mRNA, n = 915; one protein, n = 429) for activation of the PI3K pathway. Effects of PI3K inhibitor BEZ-235 on ER expression and activity levels and cell growth were tested by quantitative real-time PCR and cell proliferation assays. Results Within ER+ tumors, ER levels were negatively correlated with the PI3K activation scores, both at the proteomic and transcriptional levels, in all datasets examined. PI3K signature scores were also higher in ER+ tumors and cell lines of the more aggressive luminal B molecular subtype versus those of the less aggressive luminal A subtype. Notably, BEZ-235 treatment in four different ER+ cell lines increased expression of ER and ER target genes including PR, and treatment with IGF-I (which signals via PI3K) decreased expression of ER and target genes, thus further establishing an inverse functional relation between ER and PI3K. BEZ-235 had an additional effect on tamoxifen in inhibiting the growth of a number of ER+ cell lines. Conclusions Our data suggest that luminal B tumors have hyperactive GFR/PI3K signaling associated with lower ER levels, which has been correlated with resistance to endocrine therapy. Targeting PI3K in these tumors might reverse loss of ER expression and signaling and restore hormonal sensitivity.

Published
2010

43. A Multi-method Approach to the Assessment of Web Page Designs

Author

Westerman, S. J., Sutherland, E. J., Robinson, L., Powell, H., Tuck, G., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Paiva, Ana C. R., editor, Prada, Rui, editor, and Picard, Rosalind W., editor

Published
2007
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44. Investigating the effects of arctic dietary intake on lung health

Author

Baines, K.J., Backer, V., Gibson, P.G., Powell, H., and Porsbjerg, C.M.

Subjects
Unsaturated fatty acids -- Analysis -- Physiological aspects, Antioxidants -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Preservation of lung health requires understanding the modifiable risk factors of airflow limitation. This study investigates the association between diet and lung function in a population of Greenland Inuit residing in the Arctic (Greenland) or Western Europe (Denmark). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Two unselected Inuit populations were recruited, one living in Greenland (Urban (Nuuk) n = 358;Rural (Uummannaq) n = 207) and the other in Denmark (n = 539). Lung function was measured using spirometry and diet by a food frequency questionnaire. Factors associated with airflow limitation were assessed using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: The dietary composition differed significantly in the two regions, with higher whale, seal and wild meat intake and lower fruit and vegetable intake in the Arctic regions compared with Denmark. Consumption of vegetables (P = 0.004) and whale and/or seal (P < 0.0001) was significantly and positively associated with [FEV.sub.1], as well as with FVC (vegetables: P = 0.001, whale and/or seal: P = 0.002). Regular fruit intake was included in the statistical models;however, it did not reach statistical significance ([FEV.sub.1]: P = 0.053;FVC: P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: High dietary intake of vegetables as well as intake of arctic marine mammals had independent positive associations with lung function in this cohort of Greenlandic Inuit. These findings suggest an additive role of dietary intake of antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids in lung health, which warrants prospective evaluation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 1262-1266; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.85; published online 27 May 2015, INTRODUCTION Lung function impairment, as assessed by a reduction in the forced expiratory volume measured in the first second of exhalation (FEV1) and vital capacity(VC), contributes significantly to several major [...]

Published
2015
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49. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Abu-Shawareb, H, Acree, R, Adams, P, Adams, J, Addis, B, Aden, R, Adrian, P, Afeyan, BB, Aggleton, M, Aghaian, L, Aguirre, A, Aikens, D, Akre, J, Albert, F, Albrecht, M, Albright, BJ, Albritton, J, Alcala, J, Alday, C, Alessi, DA, Alexander, N, Alfonso, J, Alfonso, N, Alger, E, Ali, SJ, Ali, ZA, Alley, WE, Amala, P, Amendt, PA, Amick, P, Ammula, S, Amorin, C, Ampleford, DJ, Anderson, RW, Anklam, T, Antipa, N, Appelbe, B, Aracne-Ruddle, C, Araya, E, Arend, M, Arnold, P, Arnold, T, Asay, J, Atherton, LJ, Atkinson, D, Atkinson, R, Auerbach, JM, Austin, B, Auyang, L, Awwal, AS, Ayers, J, Ayers, S, Ayers, T, Azevedo, S, Bachmann, B, Back, CA, Bae, J, Bailey, DS, Bailey, J, Baisden, T, Baker, KL, Baldis, H, Barber, D, Barberis, M, Barker, D, Barnes, A, Barnes, CW, Barrios, MA, Barty, C, Bass, I, Batha, SH, Baxamusa, SH, Bazan, G, Beagle, JK, Beale, R, Beck, BR, Beck, JB, Bedzyk, M, Beeler, RG, Behrendt, W, Belk, L, Bell, P, Belyaev, M, Benage, JF, Bennett, G, Benedetti, LR, Benedict, LX, Berger, R, Bernat, T, Bernstein, LA, Berry, B, Bertolini, L, Besenbruch, G, Betcher, J, Bettenhausen, R, Betti, R, Bezzerides, B, Bhandarkar, SD, Bickel, R, Biener, J, Biesiada, T, Bigelow, K, Bigelow-Granillo, J, Bigman, V, Bionta, RM, Birge, NW, Bitter, M, Black, AC, Bleile, R, Bleuel, DL, Bliss, E, Blue, B, Boehly, T, Boehm, K, Boley, CD, Bonanno, R, Bond, EJ, Bond, T, Bonino, MJ, Borden, M, Bourgade, J-L, Bousquet, J, Bowers, J, Bowers, M, Boyd, R, Bozek, A, Bradley, DK, Bradley, KS, Bradley, PA, Bradley, L, Brannon, L, Brantley, PS, Braun, D, Braun, T, Brienza-Larsen, K, Briggs, TM, Britten, J, Brooks, ED, Browning, D, Bruhn, MW, Brunner, TA, Bruns, H, Brunton, G, Bryant, B, Buczek, T, Bude, J, Buitano, L, Burkhart, S, Burmark, J, Burnham, A, Burr, R, Busby, LE, Butlin, B, Cabeltis, R, Cable, M, Cabot, WH, Cagadas, B, Caggiano, J, Cahayag, R, Caldwell, SE, Calkins, S, Callahan, DA, Calleja-Aguirre, J, Camara, L, Camp, D, Campbell, EM, Campbell, JH, Carey, B, Carey, R, Carlisle, K, Carlson, L, Carman, L, Carmichael, J, Carpenter, A, Carr, C, Carrera, JA, Casavant, D, Casey, A, Casey, DT, Castillo, A, Castillo, E, Castor, JI, Castro, C, Caughey, W, Cavitt, R, Celeste, J, Celliers, PM, Cerjan, C, Chandler, G, Chang, B, Chang, C, Chang, J, Chang, L, Chapman, R, Chapman, T, Chase, L, Chen, H, Chen, K, Chen, L-Y, Cheng, B, Chittenden, J, Choate, C, Chou, J, Chrien, RE, Chrisp, M, Christensen, K, Christensen, M, Christopherson, AR, Chung, M, Church, JA, Clark, A, Clark, DS, Clark, K, Clark, R, Claus, L, Cline, B, Cline, JA, Cobble, JA, Cochrane, K, Cohen, B, Cohen, S, Collette, MR, Collins, G, Collins, LA, Collins, TJB, Conder, A, Conrad, B, Conyers, M, Cook, AW, Cook, D, Cook, R, Cooley, JC, Cooper, G, Cope, T, Copeland, SR, Coppari, F, Cortez, J, Cox, J, Crandall, DH, Crane, J, Craxton, RS, Cray, M, Crilly, A, Crippen, JW, Cross, D, Cuneo, M, Cuotts, G, Czajka, CE, Czechowicz, D, Daly, T, Danforth, P, Darbee, R, Darlington, B, Datte, P, Dauffy, L, Davalos, G, Davidovits, S, Davis, P, Davis, J, Dawson, S, Day, RD, Day, TH, Dayton, M, Deck, C, Decker, C, Deeney, C, DeFriend, KA, Deis, G, Delamater, ND, Delettrez, JA, Demaret, R, Demos, S, Dempsey, SM, Desjardin, R, Desjardins, T, Desjarlais, MP, Dewald, EL, DeYoreo, J, Diaz, S, Dimonte, G, Dittrich, TR, Divol, L, Dixit, SN, Dixon, J, Dodd, ES, Dolan, D, Donovan, A, Donovan, M, Döppner, T, Dorrer, C, Dorsano, N, Douglas, MR, Dow, D, Downie, J, Downing, E, Dozieres, M, Draggoo, V, Drake, D, Drake, RP, Drake, T, Dreifuerst, G, DuBois, DF, DuBois, PF, Dunham, G, Dylla-Spears, R, Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL, Dzenitis, B, Ebbers, C, Eckart, M, Eddinger, S, Eder, D, Edgell, D, Edwards, MJ, Efthimion, P, Eggert, JH, Ehrlich, B, Ehrmann, P, Elhadj, S, Ellerbee, C, Elliott, NS, Ellison, CL, Elsner, F, Emerich, M, Engelhorn, K, England, T, English, E, Epperson, P, Epstein, R, Erbert, G, Erickson, MA, Erskine, DJ, Erlandson, A, Espinosa, RJ, Estes, C, Estabrook, KG, Evans, S, Fabyan, A, Fair, J, Fallejo, R, Farmer, N, Farmer, WA, Farrell, M, Fatherley, VE, Fedorov, M, Feigenbaum, E, Feit, M, Ferguson, W, Fernandez, JC, Fernandez-Panella, A, Fess, S, Field, JE, Filip, CV, Fincke, JR, Finn, T, Finnegan, SM, Finucane, RG, Fischer, M, Fisher, A, Fisher, J, Fishler, B, Fittinghoff, D, Fitzsimmons, P, Flegel, M, Flippo, KA, Florio, J, Folta, J, Folta, P, Foreman, LR, Forrest, C, Forsman, A, Fooks, J, Foord, M, Fortner, R, Fournier, K, Fratanduono, DE, Frazier, N, Frazier, T, Frederick, C, Freeman, MS, Frenje, J, Frey, D, Frieders, G, Friedrich, S, Froula, DH, Fry, J, Fuller, T, Gaffney, J, Gales, S, Le Galloudec, B, Le Galloudec, KK, Gambhir, A, Gao, L, Garbett, WJ, Garcia, A, Gates, C, Gaut, E, Gauthier, P, Gavin, Z, Gaylord, J, Geissel, M, Génin, F, Georgeson, J, Geppert-Kleinrath, H, Geppert-Kleinrath, V, Gharibyan, N, Gibson, J, Gibson, C, Giraldez, E, Glebov, V, Glendinning, SG, Glenn, S, Glenzer, SH, Goade, S, Gobby, PL, Goldman, SR, Golick, B, Gomez, M, Goncharov, V, Goodin, D, Grabowski, P, Grafil, E, Graham, P, Grandy, J, Grasz, E, Graziani, F, Greenman, G, Greenough, JA, Greenwood, A, Gregori, G, Green, T, Griego, JR, Grim, GP, Grondalski, J, Gross, S, Guckian, J, Guler, N, Gunney, B, Guss, G, Haan, S, Hackbarth, J, Hackel, L, Hackel, R, Haefner, C, Hagmann, C, Hahn, KD, Hahn, S, Haid, BJ, Haines, BM, Hall, BM, Hall, C, Hall, GN, Hamamoto, M, Hamel, S, Hamilton, CE, Hammel, BA, Hammer, JH, Hampton, G, Hamza, A, Handler, A, Hansen, S, Hanson, D, Haque, R, Harding, D, Harding, E, Hares, JD, Harris, DB, Harte, JA, Hartouni, EP, Hatarik, R, Hatchett, S, Hauer, AA, Havre, M, Hawley, R, Hayes, J, Hayes, S, Hayes-Sterbenz, A, Haynam, CA, Haynes, DA, Headley, D, Heal, A, Heebner, JE, Heerey, S, Heestand, GM, Heeter, R, Hein, N, Heinbockel, C, Hendricks, C, Henesian, M, Heninger, J, Henrikson, J, Henry, EA, Herbold, EB, Hermann, MR, Hermes, G, Hernandez, JE, Hernandez, VJ, Herrmann, MC, Herrmann, HW, Herrera, OD, Hewett, D, Hibbard, R, Hicks, DG, Hill, D, Hill, K, 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Subjects
General Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration, 01 Mathematical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.

Published
2022

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