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Generalization of the theoretical-methodological instrumentarium of research on the public sector of economy suggests that the fundamental conceptualisation of the processes of production and consumption of public benefits together with pioneer researches in this area are laid down by Western European scientists-humanists. The complex discourse of the theory of public benefits requires research in such direction as the theories of behavior of individuals in the public benefits sector; German tradition of public benefits research (which is known to be based on the theoretical platform of public interest and collective needs). Another theoretical mainstream of researching public benefits issues is the theory of transaction costs, among the others. There is every reason to assert that global public benefits at the present stage of civilizational development not only play a decisive role in ensuring the economic, political and social progress, but also create a solid cementing basis for an effective response of the world community to the global problems (climate change; food problem; transboundary epidemics of infectious diseases; financial, debt and budgetary crises; dynamic distribution of virtual currencies, etc.). However, despite the significant aggravation of global risks in recent decades, there is still no reliable data on the accumulated expenditure of governments on the production of global public benefits.