79 results on '"Poverty--Measurement"'
Search Results
2. Compounding disadvantage: Poverty and homelessness are two sides of the same cruel coin
- Author
-
Milne, Jeffrey
- Published
- 2023
3. Analysis of Socio-Economic Conditions : Insights From a Fuzzy Multi-dimensional Approach
- Author
-
Gianni Betti, Achille Lemmi, Gianni Betti, and Achille Lemmi
- Subjects
- Economics--Sociological aspects, Fuzzy sets--Data processing, Poverty--Measurement
- Abstract
Showcasing fuzzy set theory, this book highlights the enormous potential of fuzzy logic in helping to analyse the complexity of a wide range of socio-economic patterns and behaviour. The contributions to this volume explore the most up-to-date fuzzy-set methods for the measurement of socio-economic phenomena in a multidimensional and/or dynamic perspective. Thus far, fuzzy-set theory has primarily been utilised in the social sciences in the field of poverty measurement. These chapters examine the latest work in this area, while also exploring further applications including social exclusion, the labour market, educational mismatch, sustainability, quality of life and violence against women. The authors demonstrate that real-world situations are often characterised by imprecision, uncertainty and vagueness, which cannot be properly described by the classical set theory which uses a simple true–false binary logic. By contrast, fuzzy-set theory has been shown to be a powerful tool for describing the multidimensionality and complexity of social phenomena. This book will be of significant interest to economists, statisticians and sociologists utilising quantitative methods to explore socio-economic phenomena.
- Published
- 2021
4. Towards a phenomenology of poverty: Defining poverty through the lived experiences of the 'poor'
- Author
-
Reeves, Laura Simpson, Parsell, Cameron, and Liu, Shuang
- Published
- 2020
5. Measuring Poverty and Wellbeing in Developing Countries
- Author
-
Channing Arndt, Finn Tarp, Channing Arndt, and Finn Tarp
- Subjects
- Poor--Developing countries, Poverty--Measurement, Well-being--Developing countries, Well-being--Measurement
- Abstract
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Detailed analyses of poverty and wellbeing in developing countries, based on household surveys, have been ongoing for more than three decades. The large majority of developing countries now regularly conduct a variety of household surveys, and the information base in developing countries with respect to poverty and wellbeing has improved dramatically. Nevertheless, appropriate measurement of poverty remains complex and controversial. This is particularly true in developing countries where (i) the stakes with respect to poverty reduction are high; (ii) the determinants of living standards are often volatile; and (iii) related information bases, while much improved, are often characterized by significant non-sample error. It also remains, to a surprisingly high degree, an activity undertaken by technical assistance personnel and consultants based in developed countries. This book seeks to enhance the transparency, replicability, and comparability of existing practice. In so doing, it also aims to significantly lower the barriers to entry to the conduct of rigorous poverty measurement and increase the participation of analysts from developing countries in their own poverty assessments. The book focuses on two domains: the measurement of absolute consumption poverty and a first order dominance approach to multidimensional welfare analysis. In each domain, it provides a series of flexible computer codes designed to facilitate analysis by allowing the analyst to start from a flexible and known base. The book volume covers the theoretical grounding for the code streams provided, a chapter on'estimation in practice', a series of 11 case studies where the code streams are operationalized, as well as a synthesis, an extension to inequality, and a look forward.
- Published
- 2016
6. Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation
- Author
-
Monica Pratesi and Monica Pratesi
- Subjects
- Income distribution--Econometric models, Poverty--Statistical methods, Poverty--Econometric models, Poverty--Measurement
- Abstract
A comprehensive guide to implementing SAE methods for poverty studies and poverty mapping There is an increasingly urgent demand for poverty and living conditions data, in relation to local areas and/or subpopulations. Policy makers and stakeholders need indicators and maps of poverty and living conditions in order to formulate and implement policies, (re)distribute resources, and measure the effect of local policy actions. Small Area Estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in producing statistically sound estimates for poverty mapping. This book offers a comprehensive source of information regarding the use of SAE methods adapted to these distinctive features of poverty data derived from surveys and administrative archives. The book covers the definition of poverty indicators, data collection and integration methods, the impact of sampling design, weighting and variance estimation, the issue of SAE modelling and robustness, the spatio-temporal modelling of poverty, and the SAE of the distribution function of income and inequalities. Examples of data analyses and applications are provided, and the book is supported by a website describing scripts written in SAS or R software, which accompany the majority of the presented methods. Key features: Presents a comprehensive review of SAE methods for poverty mapping Demonstrates the applications of SAE methods using real-life case studies Offers guidance on the use of routines and choice of websites from which to download them Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation offers an introduction to advanced techniques from both a practical and a methodological perspective, and will prove an invaluable resource for researchers actively engaged in organizing, managing and conducting studies on poverty.
- Published
- 2016
7. Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis
- Author
-
Sabina Alkire, James Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José Manuel Roche, Paola Ballon, Sabina Alkire, James Foster, Suman Seth, Maria Emma Santos, José Manuel Roche, and Paola Ballon
- Subjects
- Income distribution, Poverty--Measurement
- Abstract
Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis is evolving rapidly. Notably, it has informed the publication of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) estimates in the Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme since 2010, and the release of national poverty measures in Mexico, Colombia, Bhutan, the Philippines and Chile. The academic response has been similarly swift, with related articles published in both theoretical and applied journals. The high and insistent demand for in-depth and precise accounts of multidimensional poverty measurement motivates this book, which is aimed at graduate students in quantitative social sciences, researchers of poverty measurement, and technical staff in governments and international agencies who create multidimensional poverty measures. The book is organized into four elements. The first introduces the framework for multidimensional measurement and provides a lucid overview of a range of multidimensional techniques and the problems each can address. The second part gives a synthetic introduction of'counting'approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement and provides an in-depth account of the counting multidimensional poverty measurement methodology developed by Alkire and Foster, which is a straightforward extension of the well-known Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty measures that had a significant and lasting impact on income poverty measurement. The final two parts deal with the pre-estimation issues such as normative choices and distinctive empirical techniques used in measure design, and the post-estimation issues such as robustness tests, statistical inferences, comparisons over time, and assessments of inequality among the poor.
- Published
- 2015
8. A Measured Approach to Ending Poverty and Boosting Shared Prosperity : Concepts, Data, and the Twin Goals
- Author
-
World Bank and World Bank
- Subjects
- Economic assistance, Economic development--International cooperation, Poverty--International cooperation, Poverty--Measurement
- Abstract
In 2013, the World Bank Group adopted two new goals to guide its work: ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. More specifically, the goals are to reduce extreme poverty in the world to less than 3 percent by 2030, and to foster income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population in each country. While poverty reduction has been a mainstay of the World Bank's mission for decades, the Bank has now set a specific goal and timetable, and for the first time, the Bank has explicitly included a goal linked to ensuring that growth is shared by all.The discussion until now has centered primarily on articulating the new goals. This report, the latest in World Bank's Policy Research Report series, goes beyond that and lays out their conceptual underpinnings, discusses their relative strengths and weaknesses by contrasting them with alternative indicators, and proposes empirical approaches and requirements to track progress towards the goals. The report makes clear that the challenges posed by the World Bank Group's new stance extend not just to the pursuit of these goals but, indeed, to their very definition and empirical content. The report also argues that an improved data infrastructure, consisting of many elements including the collection of more and better survey data, is critical to ensure that progress towards these goals can be measured, and policies to help achieve them can be identified and prioritized.
- Published
- 2015
9. Poverty and Social Exclusion : New Methods of Analysis
- Author
-
Gianni Betti, Achille Lemmi, Gianni Betti, and Achille Lemmi
- Subjects
- Poverty--Measurement, Poverty--Social aspects, Marginality, Social
- Abstract
Poverty and inequality remain at the top of the global economic agenda, and the methodology of measuring poverty continues to be a key area of research. This new book, from a leading international group of scholars, offers an up to date and innovative survey of new methods for estimating poverty at the local level, as well as the most recent multidimensional methods of the dynamics of poverty.It is argued here that measures of poverty and inequality are most useful to policy-makers and researchers when they are finely disaggregated into small geographic units. Poverty and Social Exclusion: New Methods of Analysis is the first attempt to compile the most recent research results on local estimates of multidimensional deprivation. The methods offered here take both traditional and multidimensional approaches, with a focus on using the methodology for the construction of time-related measures of deprivation at the individual and aggregated levels. In analysis of persistence over time, the book also explores whether the level of deprivation is defined in terms of relative inequality in society, or in relation to some supposedly absolute standard. This book is of particular importance as the continuing international economic and financial crisis has led to the impoverishment of segments of population as a result of unemployment, bankruptcy, and difficulties in obtaining credit. The volume will therefore be of interest to all those working on economic, econometric and statistical methods and empirical analyses in the areas of poverty, social exclusion and income inequality.
- Published
- 2013
10. Closing the gap: The growing divide between poverty research and policy in Australia
- Author
-
Saunders, Peter
- Published
- 2015
11. Report on the World Social Situation 2010 : Rethinking Poverty
- Author
-
Department of Economic and Social Affairs and Department of Economic and Social Affairs
- Subjects
- Poverty--History, Poverty--Government policy, Poverty--Measurement, Poverty
- Abstract
The 2010 issue of the Report on the World Social Situation focuses on the challenge of achieving poverty reduction. The Millennium Development Goals seek to halve, by 2015, the level of extreme poverty that existed since 1990. The Report begins with an overview of global, regional and selected country poverty trends over the period 1981-2005, critically examines the conventional policy framework and popular poverty reduction programmes, argues that a commitment to eradicating poverty and to enhancing equity and social integration requires consistent actions directed towards sustainable economic growth, productive employment creation and social development, entailing an integrated approach to economic and social policies for the benefit of all citizens. It recommends consideration of the policy approaches that have dominated the disclosure on growth and poverty thus far.
- Published
- 2010
12. Mathematical Formulation of Poverty Index: How We Measure Poverty in Different Nations Around the World
- Author
-
Putcha, Chandrasekhar and Putcha, Chandrasekhar
- Subjects
- Poverty--Measurement, Poverty--Mathematical models, Index numbers (Economics), Economic indicators
- Abstract
The Sociology monograph on “Mathematical Formulation of Poverty Index: How we Measure Poverty in Different Nations around the World”, is a conglomeration of articles by different authors working in different areas such as: Sociology, Engineering, Economics etc. Each one of the authors listed in this book has a solid research background, as evidenced by their research publications, and is well known for his/her contribution in their own field. Since poverty is of general interest- to academicians (involved in teaching and research) as well as pure researchers, the book is an optimal blend of various articles joined by a common theme of poverty. The high point of the book is that, while it can definitely be used by researchers to advance their research topic, it can also be easily understood by a general reader. It is hoped that the readers from various cross sections of the society will find the book interesting.
- Published
- 2010
13. Poverty Dynamics : Interdisciplinary Perspectives
- Author
-
Tony Addison, David Hulme, Ravi Kanbur, Tony Addison, David Hulme, and Ravi Kanbur
- Subjects
- Poverty--Measurement, Social isolation, Social structure, Social mobility, Economic policy
- Abstract
This collection of essays provides a state-of-the-art examination of the concepts and methods that can be used to understand poverty dynamics. It does this from an interdisciplinary perspective and includes the work of anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and political scientists. The contributions included highlight the need to conceptualise poverty from a multidimensional perspective and promote Q-Squared research approaches, or those that combine quantitative and qualitative research. The first part of the book provides a review of the research on poverty dynamics in developing countries. Part two focuses on poverty measurement and assessment, and discusses the most recent work of world-leading poverty analysts. The third part focuses on frameworks for understanding poverty analysis that avoid measurement and instead utilise approaches based on social relations and structural analysis. There is widespread consensus that poverty analysis should focus on poverty dynamics and this book shows how this idea can practically be taken forward.
- Published
- 2009
14. Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty : Theory and Case Studies
- Author
-
Louis-Marie Asselin and Louis-Marie Asselin
- Subjects
- Poverty--Research, Poverty--Measurement, Poor--Attitudes
- Abstract
Poverty is a paradoxical state. Recognizable in the eld for any sensitive observer who travels in remote rural areas and urban slums and meets marginalized people in a given society, poverty still remains a challenge to conceptual formalization and to measurement that is consistent with such formalization. The analysis of poverty is multidisciplinary. It goes from ethics to economics, from political science to human biology, and any type of measurement rests on mathematics. Moreover, poverty is multifaceted according to the types of deprivation, and it is also gender and age speci c. A vector of variables is required, which raises a substantial problem for individual and group comparisons necessary to equity analysis. Multidimension- ity also complicates the aggregation necessary to perform the ef ciency analysis of policies. In the case of income poverty, these two problems, equity and ef ciency, have bene ted from very signi cant progress in the eld of economics. Similar achievements are still to come in the area of multidimensional poverty. Within this general background, this book has a very modest and narrow-scoped objective. It proposes an operational methodology for measuring multidimensional poverty, independent from the conceptual origin, the size and the qualitative as well as the quantitative nature of the primary indicators used to describe the poverty of an individual, a household or a sociodemographic entity.
- Published
- 2009
15. Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty: Theory and Case Studies
- Author
-
Asselin, LouisMarie and Asselin, LouisMarie
- Subjects
- Poverty--Senegal--Case studies, Poor--Attitudes, Poverty--Vietnam--Case studies, Poverty--Research, Poverty--Measurement
- Abstract
Description based on print version record.
- Published
- 2009
16. The politics of poverty in Australia
- Author
-
Baum, Fran and Duvnjak, Angella
- Published
- 2013
17. The politics of poverty in Canada
- Author
-
MacKinnon, Shauna
- Published
- 2013
18. The politics of poverty: Definitions and explanations
- Author
-
Raphael, Dennis
- Published
- 2013
19. The politics of poverty in Finland
- Author
-
Mikkonen, Juha
- Published
- 2013
20. Appendix: The New Zealand literature on social class/inequality
- Author
-
Crothers, Charles
- Published
- 2013
21. Economic inequality In New Zealand: A user's guide
- Author
-
Easton, Brian
- Published
- 2013
22. Researching poverty: Methods, results and impact
- Author
-
Saunders, Peter
- Published
- 2013
23. Estimating the impact of the global financial crisis on poverty and deprivation
- Author
-
Saunders, Peter and Wong, Melissa
- Published
- 2012
24. An economy of poverty?: Power and the domain of Aboriginality
- Author
-
Walter, Maggie
- Published
- 2009
25. Fuzzy Set Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement
- Author
-
Achille A. Lemmi, Gianni Betti, Achille A. Lemmi, and Gianni Betti
- Subjects
- Poverty--Measurement, Fuzzy sets--Data processing
- Abstract
Recent theoretical and empirical studies have concluded that in order to be accurate, poverty and deprivation must be measured within a multidimensional framework that is consistent, efficient, and statistically robust. The fuzzy sets approach to poverty measurement was developed in the early 1990s and continues to be refined by scholars of economics and sociology who find the traditional'monetary-only'indicators to be inadequate and arbitrary. This volume brings together advanced thinking on the multidimensional measurement of poverty, including the theoretical background, applications to cross-sections using contemporary European examples, and longitudinal aspects of multidimensional fuzzy poverty analysis that pay particular attention to the transitory, or impermanent, conditions that often occur during transitions to market economies. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers and will be a useful text on poverty for advanced students in applied statistics, urban planning, economics, and sociology.
- Published
- 2006
26. Which Crisis and 'Over' for Whom?
- Author
-
Lllewellyn, Neridah
- Published
- 2010
27. Redefining the poverty debate: Why a war on markets is no substitute for a war on poverty
- Author
-
Baker, Andrew
- Published
- 2013
28. Redefining the poverty debate: Why a war on markets is no substitute for a war on poverty [Book Review]
- Published
- 2013
29. Poor Australia? [Book Review]
- Published
- 2003
30. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children Aged 12 through 17 Years, 2014
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Teenagers ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children, adolescents age 12 through 17 years, 40 percent live in low-income families and 19 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of adolescents and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children Under 3 Years, 2014
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Economics--Sociological aspects ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poor--Education ,Poverty ,Demography ,FOS: Sociology - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children—infants and toddlers under age 3 years—appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income families, including 24 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Basic Facts about Low-Income Children, Children under 6 Years, 2014
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Economics--Sociological aspects ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poor--Education ,Poverty ,Demography ,FOS: Sociology - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income and 24 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of young children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Basic Facts about Low-income Children: Children Aged 6 through 11 Years, 2014
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Economics--Sociological aspects ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poor--Education ,Poverty ,Demography ,FOS: Sociology - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children age 6 through 11 years in middle childhood, 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Basic Facts about Low-Income Children, Children under 18 Years, 2014
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Economics--Sociological aspects ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poor--Education ,Poverty ,Demography ,FOS: Sociology - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children under 3 Years, 2013
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children – infants and toddlers under age 3 years – appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income families, including 25 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children experiencing economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children 12 through 17 Years, 2013
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Teenagers ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children – adolescents age 12 through 17 years – 41 percent live in low-income families and 19 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children experiencing economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of adolescents and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children under 6 Years, 2013
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low-income and 25 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children experiencing economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of young children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children 6 through 11 Years, 2013
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children in middle childhood (age 6 through 11 years), 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children experiencing economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children under 18 Years, 2013
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Teenagers ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children experiencing economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children under 6 Years, 2012
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low- income and 25 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of young children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children 12 through 17 Years, 2012
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Teenagers ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children, adolescents age 12 through 17 years, 41 percent live in low-income families and 19 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of adolescents and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children under 3 Years, 2012
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children - infants, and toddlers under age 3 years - appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low-income families, including 25 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children's experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children 6 through 11 Years, 2012
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children age 6 through 11 years in middle childhood, 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children's experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children under 18 Years, 2012
- Author
-
Jiang, Yang, Ekono, Mercedes M., and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Teenagers ,Poverty - Abstract
Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 45 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Trends in Poverty with an Anchored Supplemental Poverty Measure
- Author
-
Wimer, Christopher T., Fox, Liana, Garfinkel, Irv, Kaushal, Neeraj, and Waldfogel, Jane
- Subjects
Economics ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty--Historiography ,Social service - Abstract
Poverty measures set a poverty line or threshold and then evaluate resources against that threshold. The official poverty measure is flawed on both counts: it uses thresholds that are outdated and are not adjusted appropriately for the needs of different types of individuals and households; and it uses an incomplete measure of resources which fails to take into account the full range of income and expenses that individuals and households have. Because of these (and other) failings, statistics using the official poverty measure do not provide an accurate picture of poverty or the role of government policies in combating poverty. To address these well-known limitations, the Census Bureau recently implemented a supplemental poverty measure (SPM) which applies an improved set of thresholds and a more comprehensive measure of resources. In this report we apply an alternative poverty measure which differs from the SPM in only one respect. Instead of having a threshold that is re-calculated over time, we use today’s threshold and carry it back historically by adjusting it for inflation using the CPI-U-RS. Because this alternative measure is anchored with today’s SPM threshold, we refer to as an anchored supplemental poverty measure or anchored SPM for short. In addition to the reasons discussed above, another advantage of an anchored SPM (or any absolute poverty measure, for that matter) is that poverty trends resulting from such a measure can be explained by changes in income and net transfer payments (cash or in kind). Trends in poverty based on a relative measure (e.g. SPM poverty), on the other hand, could be due to over time changes in thresholds. Thus, an anchored SPM arguably provides a cleaner measure of how changes in income and net transfer payments have affected poverty historically
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Knowing What Works: States and Cities Build Smarter Social Policy with New and Improved Poverty Measurement
- Author
-
Englehardt, William and Skinner, Curtis
- Subjects
Poverty--U.S. states ,Poverty--Measurement ,Economic assistance, Domestic--U.S. states ,Poor--Services for--Evaluation - Abstract
To better understand poverty and find the best strategies to reduce it, states and localities need to know who is poor, why they are poor, and what policies work best for different groups. Rather than rely on the official poverty measure, in use since the early 1960s, several states and localities have taken the lead in developing new measures of poverty that more accurately account for the resources available to their residents as well as their needs. Supported by a strong body of innovative research from the federal government and public policy research organizations, these new measures not only more accurately gauge the level of poverty but offer a cost-effective way to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-poverty programs. Improved poverty measurement also helps policymakers identify effective new programs to assist vulnerable populations in meeting their families’ often-pressing needs. This brief provides an up-to-date look at how pioneering states and localities are using – or plan to use – improved poverty measurement to build smarter social policy. In a difficult fiscal climate, investing in better measures to estimate poverty and evaluate the effectiveness of anti-poverty programs is sound practice that will enable policymakers to quantify whether and how interventions are improving outcomes for children and their families.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Basic Facts About Low-income Children, 2010: Children Under Age 3
- Author
-
Addy, Sophia D. and Wight, Vanessa
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children represent 24 percent of the population. Yet, they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children, infants and toddlers under age 3, appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low-income families, including 25 percent living in poor families. Winding up in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children's experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents' educational attainment and employment. This fact sheet, which is an update to the series based on the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS), describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents -- highlighting the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Basic Facts About Low-income Children, 2010: Children Under Age 18
- Author
-
Addy, Sophia D. and Wight, Vanessa
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children represent 24 percent of the population. Yet, they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children, infants and toddlers under age 3, appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low-income families, including 25 percent living in poor families. Winding up in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children's experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents' educational attainment and employment. This fact sheet, which is an update to the series based on the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS), describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents -- highlighting the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Basic Facts About Low-income Children, 2010: Children Ages 6 Through 11
- Author
-
Addy, Sophia D. and Wight, Vanessa
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children represent 24 percent of the population. Yet, they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children, infants and toddlers under age 3, appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low-income families, including 25 percent living in poor families. Winding up in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children's experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents' educational attainment and employment. This fact sheet, which is an update to the series based on the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS), describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents -- highlighting the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Basic Facts About Low-income Children, 2010: Children Under Age 6
- Author
-
Addy, Sophia D. and Wight, Vanessa
- Subjects
Poor families ,Poor children ,Poverty--Measurement ,Poverty - Abstract
Children represent 24 percent of the population. Yet, they comprise 34 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children, infants and toddlers under age 3, appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in low-income families, including 25 percent living in poor families. Winding up in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. There are a range of factors associated with children's experiences of economic insecurity, including race/ethnicity and parents' educational attainment and employment. This fact sheet, which is an update to the series based on the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS), describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents -- highlighting the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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