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In this research various pyridazino[1,2‐a]indazole and 1H‐indazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine and 1H‐indazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine derivatives were produced with a high yield via a multi‐component reaction of dimedone, aldehyde, hydrazine and anhydride compounds in the presence of a novel DABCO‐Saccharin acetate ([DABCOH][Sac‐CH3CO2]) ionic liquid under microwave irradiation. The applied method for producing these heterocyclic compounds demonstrated a number of desirable traits, including quick reactions, high yields of the final product, and straightforward separation of the product and catalyst from the reaction mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of biologically active disubstituted benzofuran derivatives (3a–d) have been designed and synthesized via C–H bond activation reaction. The chemical structures of all final compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. In vitro anti acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of these novel compounds were evaluated and showed low to moderate results. Among them, compound 3d moderately inhibited AChE activities with 68.12 % value.

In the present research, the design and synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrrole derivatives using one-pot, multi-component reactions including aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, thiadiazole derivatives, and nitromethane in the presence of 3-sulfonic acid 1-imidazolopyridinium hydrogen sulfate ([Simp]HSO4]) ionic liquid and under solvent-free conditions were discussed. Since pyrrole derivatives have various medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, and they are very important from biological and medicinal points of view, therefore, it is very important to provide efficient and green methods for preparing these compounds.On the other hand, considering the environmental pollution and the development of the green chemistry approach, and the recommendation to reduce the use of toxic solvents in chemical reactions, extensive research to find new synthetic methods based on the use of environmentally friendly solvents and catalysts that lead to the reduction of waste materials and products. This method used the ionic liquid 3-sulfonic acid 1-imidazolopyridinium hydrogen sulfate ([Simp]HSO4]) as a recoverable catalyst in the green synthesis of pyrrole derivatives.This method has some advantages such as high yield, no use of organic solvents, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and easy separation without using chromatography. The structure of all products was characterized using physical data as well as ¹HNMR, 13CNMR and IR spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LaCl3/ClCH2COOH was used as an efficient, and recyclable catalytic system for synthesis of 11H-benzo[a]xanthene-11-one, hexahydro-1H-xanthene- 1,8(2H)-dione and 11-aryl-10H-diindeno[1,2-b:2′,1′-e]pyran-10,12(11H)-dione derivatives via a one-pot three-component reaction of aldehydes, 2-naphthol, and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. The reactions proceeded rapidly at 70°C under solvent-free conditions and the desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields.

Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, has been investigated for its anticancer biological properties. Antifungal and anticancer properties of hydrazone derivatives have been proven. In this study, eight compounds of substituted Chrysin hydrazine derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and screened against cancerous cell lines, including MCF-7 and HepG-2. All products are reported for the first time. Most compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against selected cell lines. The chemical structures of all compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods and elemental analyzes. In vitro evaluation of these synthesized compounds showed most of them have potential antiproliferative activity. Compounds 3e and 3f have shown significant anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines, respectively, compared to Chrysin (P < 0.05). The IC50 values of compounds 3e and 3f were 101.44 and 166.19 µM after 48 h, respectively. Moreover, the compounds 3e and 3f induced significant apoptosis more than Chrysin (P < 0.05). The Results of this research might help the design and synthesis of novel drugs toward developing new antitumor agents for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is a fascinating research area as a result of producing nanoparticles with different shapes, sizes, chemical composition, dispersity, and their several applications for the human being. Manipulation, creation, and using metallic nanoparticles is greatly important considering reduction of dimensions. Therefore, unique thermal, electronic, and optical characteristics are obtained. The biosynthesis approaches of nanoparticles are prioritized compared to physical and chemical processes as a result of the lower time costs and energy. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly technique using natural solvents. The current work includes the eco-friendly, and green synthesis of CuNPs utilizing Cu (NO3)2. H2O solution and Peel of Pomegranate extract. Various bio-components exist in the Pomegranate Peel extract works as a reducing agent for this synthesis. The diminant surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak achieved at 350 nm in UV-Visible spectra confirmed the formed CuNPs. Based on SEM analysis, the spherical uniformly and morphology sized particles (36.99-55.17 nm) were obtained. The green synthesis of copper nanoparticles mediated by the Pomegranate Peel extract was clearly illustrated by FTIR spectrum. The structural characterization was performed utilizing XRD in line with reflections of the facecentered cubic (fcc) phase of the CuNPs (111, 200, 220, and 400). It was found that biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles effectively controlled the progression of human pathogens, namely Salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly half of the world's population have been infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which is known as the main cause of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer illness as well as stomach carcinoma. In this work, an efficient, one-pot synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthol derivatives and their in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity are reported. The reaction proceeds via multi-component condensation of 2-naphthol, (hetero) aromatic aldehydes and urea/thiourea/acetamide/2-aminothiazole/4-nitrothiazol-2-amine/2-aminopyridine under solvent-free condition. This protocol includes some salient features, such as using triethanolammonium acetate ([OHCH2CH2)3NH][OAc]) ionic liquid as a green, clean and reusable catalyst, high yields, no column chromatography, and low cost. By comparing the inhibition zone of the target compounds, 6e and 6j could be considered as the best anti-helicobacter agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)pyridine derivatives 6(a–h) have been designed and synthesized as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analyzes. The in vitro studies showed that all the synthesized derivatives showed significant BChE inhibitory activity more potent than donepezil as the standard (IC50 values less than 0.1 µM). All the target compounds demonstrated good AChE inhibitory effects comparable with donepezil as the reference drug with IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.1 µM. The best results were obtained by 4-methyl substituted derivative 6d with IC50 value of 0.082 µM which was comparable with AChE inhibitory effects of donepezil (IC50 = 0.079 µM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel benzo[ d]oxazole derivatives ( 6a-n) have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases ( AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase ( BChE). The chemical structures of all final compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. In vitro studies showed that most of the synthesized compounds are potent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. Among them, compounds 6a and 6j strongly inhibited AChE and BChE activities with IC50 values of 1.03-1.35 and 6.6-8.1 μ m, respectively. Docking studies also provided the binding modes of action and identified hydrophobic pi forces as the main interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "One-Pot, Four-Component Synthesis of New 3,4,7,8-Tetrahydro-3,3-dimethyl-11-aryl-2H-pyridazino1,2-aindazole-1,6,9(11H)-triones and 2H-Indazolo2,1-b phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones Using an Acidic Ionic Liquid N,N-Diethyl-N-sulfoethanammonium Chloride (Et3N-SO3H CI) as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst" by Behjat Pouramiri and Esmat Tavakolinejad Kermani is presented.