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2. A blood biomarker of the pace of aging is associated with brain structure: replication across three cohorts

Author

Whitman, Ethan T., Ryan, Calen P., Abraham, Wickliffe C., Addae, Angela, Corcoran, David L., Elliott, Maxwell L., Hogan, Sean, Ireland, David, Keenan, Ross, Knodt, Annchen R., Melzer, Tracy R., Poulton, Richie, Ramrakha, Sandhya, Sugden, Karen, Williams, Benjamin S., Zhou, Jiayi, Hariri, Ahmad R., Belsky, Daniel W., Moffitt, Terrie E., and Caspi, Avshalom

Published
2024
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6. Resource profile and user guide of the Polygenic Index Repository

Author

Becker, Joel, Burik, Casper AP, Goldman, Grant, Wang, Nancy, Jayashankar, Hariharan, Bennett, Michael, Belsky, Daniel W, Karlsson Linnér, Richard, Ahlskog, Rafael, Kleinman, Aaron, Hinds, David A, Caspi, Avshalom, Corcoran, David L, Moffitt, Terrie E, Poulton, Richie, Sugden, Karen, Williams, Benjamin S, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Steptoe, Andrew, Ajnakina, Olesya, Milani, Lili, Esko, Tõnu, Iacono, William G, McGue, Matt, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Mallard, Travis T, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Herd, Pamela, Freese, Jeremy, Young, Alexander, Beauchamp, Jonathan P, Koellinger, Philipp D, Oskarsson, Sven, Johannesson, Magnus, Visscher, Peter M, Meyer, Michelle N, Laibson, David, Cesarini, David, Benjamin, Daniel J, Turley, Patrick, and Okbay, Aysu

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, 2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology), Aetiology, Data Analysis, Databases, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Polygenic score, Polygenic index, Repository, Measurement error, 23andMe Research Group, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Polygenic indexes (PGIs) are DNA-based predictors. Their value for research in many scientific disciplines is growing rapidly. As a resource for researchers, we used a consistent methodology to construct PGIs for 47 phenotypes in 11 datasets. To maximize the PGIs' prediction accuracies, we constructed them using genome-wide association studies-some not previously published-from multiple data sources, including 23andMe and UK Biobank. We present a theoretical framework to help interpret analyses involving PGIs. A key insight is that a PGI can be understood as an unbiased but noisy measure of a latent variable we call the 'additive SNP factor'. Regressions in which the true regressor is this factor but the PGI is used as its proxy therefore suffer from errors-in-variables bias. We derive an estimator that corrects for the bias, illustrate the correction, and make a Python tool for implementing it publicly available.

Published
2021

8. Kaupapa Maori Early Years Provision and Whanau Wellbeing: A Retrospective Survey at a Taranaki-Based Centre

Author

Hond-Flavell, Erana, Treharne, Gareth J., Tamati, Aroaro, Theodore, Reremoana, Kokaua, Jesse, Edwards, Will, Hond, Ruakere, Poulton, Richie, and Ratima, Mihi

Subjects
Community development -- Surveys, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Kaupapa Maori early years provision (KM-EYP) is recognised as a cornerstone of community efforts to revitalise Maori language and culture. Surprisingly, little is known about how KM-EYP influences the lives of whanau who have engaged. Parents/grandparents (N=91) of tamariki who had attended a Taranaki-based centre (between 1994 and 2017) completed a survey designed to measure 20 aspects of whanau lives, which collectively align with an ao Maori view of wellbeing. Most participants agreed that their children's learning, Maori identity and cultural capacity had been strengthened, as had their own capabilities. Comparisons between the year after exiting the Centre and the time of the survey (2019/2020) demonstrated sustained or increasing benefits, with the exception of relationships with other Centre whanau and the reo Maori capacity of tamariki. Our findings contribute to what is known about how whanau can benefit from engagement in KM-EYP. Keywords: Indigenous psychology, Kaupapa Maori early years provision, Wellbeing, Survey, Education, Whanau, INTRODUCTION E tatari atu ana kia aroaro mahana, ka taka mai te ahuru, koia. The warmth of spring is eagerly awaited, a joyful time of new growth and industry. This [...]

Published
2022

9. Uncovering the genetic architecture of broad antisocial behavior through a genome-wide association study meta-analysis

Author

Tielbeek, Jorim J., Uffelmann, Emil, Williams, Benjamin S., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Gagnon, Éloi, Mallard, Travis T., Levitt, Brandt E., Jansen, Philip R., Johansson, Ada, Sallis, Hannah M., Pistis, Giorgio, Saunders, Gretchen R. B., Allegrini, Andrea G., Rimfeld, Kaili, Konte, Bettina, Klein, Marieke, Hartmann, Annette M., Salvatore, Jessica E., Nolte, Ilja M., Demontis, Ditte, Malmberg, Anni L. K., Burt, S. Alexandra, Savage, Jeanne E., Sugden, Karen, Poulton, Richie, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Vrieze, Scott, McGue, Matt, Iacono, William G., Mota, Nina Roth, Mill, Jonathan, Viana, Joana F., Mitchell, Brittany L., Morosoli, Jose J., Andlauer, Till F. M., Ouellet-Morin, Isabelle, Tremblay, Richard E., Côté, Sylvana M., Gouin, Jean-Philippe, Brendgen, Mara R., Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Lupton, Michelle K., Martin, Nicholas G., Castelao, Enrique, Räikkönen, Katri, Eriksson, Johan G., Lahti, Jari, Hartman, Catharina A., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Snieder, Harold, Liu, Hexuan, Preisig, Martin, Whipp, Alyce, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Lu, Yi, Jern, Patrick, Rujescu, Dan, Giegling, Ina, Palviainen, Teemu, Kaprio, Jaakko, Harden, Kathryn Paige, Munafò, Marcus R., Morneau-Vaillancourt, Geneviève, Plomin, Robert, Viding, Essi, Boutwell, Brian B., Aliev, Fazil, Dick, Danielle M., Popma, Arne, Faraone, Stephen V., Børglum, Anders D., Medland, Sarah E., Franke, Barbara, Boivin, Michel, Pingault, Jean-Baptiste, Glennon, Jeffrey C., Barnes, J. C., Fisher, Simon E., Moffitt, Terrie E., Caspi, Avshalom, Polderman, Tinca J. C., and Posthuma, Danielle

Published
2022
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15. Genetics of Nurture: A Test of the Hypothesis That Parents’ Genetics Predict Their Observed Caregiving

Author

Wertz, Jasmin, Belsky, Jay, Moffitt, Terrie E, Belsky, Daniel W, Harrington, HonaLee, Avinun, Reut, Poulton, Richie, Ramrakha, Sandhya, and Caspi, Avshalom

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Adult, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New Zealand, Parenting, Parents, Prospective Studies, Social Class, Twins, educational attainment, gene-environment correlation, parenting, polygenic score, Specialist Studies in Education, Cognitive Sciences, Developmental & Child Psychology, Specialist studies in education, Applied and developmental psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Twin studies have documented that parenting behavior is partly heritable, but it is unclear how parents' genetics shape their caregiving. Using tools of molecular genetics, the present study investigated this process by testing hypotheses about associations between a genome-wide polygenic score for educational attainment and parental caregiving in 702 members of the Dunedin Study, a population-representative birth cohort. Data have been prospectively collected from when Study members were born through to midlife, and include assessments of the caregiving they provided once they became parents. Results showed that parents' polygenic scores predicted warm, sensitive, and stimulating caregiving, both in personal interactions with their young children (as captured on video) and through the home environments they created for their families (as observed by home visitors). The magnitude of this effect was small. Polygenic-score associations were independent of well-established predictors of parenting, such as parents' own childhood experiences of parenting and the age at which they became parents. Polygenic-score associations were mediated by parents' early-emerging cognitive abilities and self-control skills. Findings have implications for theory and research about genetic influences on caregiving and child development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2019

17. Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age

Author

Richmond-Rakerd, Leah S., Caspi, Avshalom, Ambler, Antony, d’Arbeloff, Tracy, de Bruine, Marieke, Elliott, Maxwell, Harrington, HonaLee, Hogan, Sean, Houts, Renate M., Ireland, David, Keenan, Ross, Knodt, Annchen R., Melzer, Tracy R., Park, Sena, Poulton, Richie, Ramrakha, Sandhya, Rasmussen, Line Jee Hartmann, Sack, Elizabeth, Schmidt, Adam T., Sison, Maria L., Wertz, Jasmin, Hariri, Ahmad R., and Moffitt, Terrie E.

Published
2021

18. The high societal costs of childhood conduct problems: evidence from administrative records up to age 38 in a longitudinal birth cohort

Author

Rivenbark, Joshua G, Odgers, Candice L, Caspi, Avshalom, Harrington, HonaLee, Hogan, Sean, Houts, Renate M, Poulton, Richie, and Moffitt, Terrie E

Subjects
Violence Research, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Health Services, Behavioral and Social Science, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Generic health relevance, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Conduct Disorder, Cost of Illness, Criminals, Drug Prescriptions, Electronic Health Records, Emergency Service, Hospital, Facilities and Services Utilization, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New Zealand, Young Adult, Conduct disorder, service utilization, administrative data, electronic medical data, longitudinal study, Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Developmental & Child Psychology
Abstract

BackgroundChildren with conduct problems that persist into adulthood are at increased risk for future behavioral, health, and social problems. However, the longer term public service usage among these children has not been fully documented. To aid public health and intervention planning, adult service usage across criminal justice, health care, and social welfare domains is compared among all individuals from a representative cohort who followed different conduct problem trajectories from childhood into adulthood.MethodsParticipants are from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a prospective, representative cohort of consecutive births (N = 1,037) from April 1972 to March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand. Regression analyses were used to compare levels of public service usage up to age 38, gathered via administrative and electronic medical records, between participants who displayed distinct subtypes of childhood conduct problems (low, childhood-limited, adolescent-onset, and life-course persistent).ResultsChildren exhibiting life-course persistent conduct problems used significantly more services as adults than those with low levels of childhood conduct problems. Although this group comprised only 9.0% of the population, they accounted for 53.3% of all convictions, 15.7% of emergency department visits, 20.5% of prescription fills, 13.1% of injury claims, and 24.7% of welfare benefit months. Half of this group (50.0%) also accrued high service use across all three domains of criminal justice, health, and social welfare services, as compared to only 11.3% of those with low conduct problems (OR = 7.27, 95% CI = 4.42-12.0).ConclusionsConduct problems in childhood signal high future costs in terms of service utilization across multiple sectors. Future evaluations of interventions aimed at conduct problems should also track potential reductions in health burden and service usage that stretch into midlife.

Published
2018

19. Analysis of DNA Methylation in Young People: Limited Evidence for an Association Between Victimization Stress and Epigenetic Variation in Blood

Author

Marzi, Sarah J, Sugden, Karen, Arseneault, Louise, Belsky, Daniel W, Burrage, Joe, Corcoran, David L, Danese, Andrea, Fisher, Helen L, Hannon, Eilis, Moffitt, Terrie E, Odgers, Candice L, Pariante, Carmine, Poulton, Richie, Williams, Benjamin S, Wong, Chloe CY, Mill, Jonathan, and Caspi, Avshalom

Subjects
Mental Health, Pediatric, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, Violence Research, Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Violence Against Women, Youth Violence, Human Genome, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Mental health, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Crime Victims, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genes, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Stress, Psychological, Epigenetics, Maltreatment, Stress, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

ObjectiveDNA methylation has been proposed as an epigenetic mechanism by which early-life experiences become "embedded" in the genome and alter transcriptional processes to compromise health. The authors sought to investigate whether early-life victimization stress is associated with genome-wide DNA methylation.MethodThe authors tested the hypothesis that victimization is associated with DNA methylation in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative 1994-1995 birth cohort of 2,232 twins born in England and Wales and assessed at ages 5, 7, 10, 12, and 18 years. Multiple forms of victimization were ascertained in childhood and adolescence (including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; neglect; exposure to intimate-partner violence; bullying; cyber-victimization; and crime).ResultsEpigenome-wide analyses of polyvictimization across childhood and adolescence revealed few significant associations with DNA methylation in peripheral blood at age 18, but these analyses were confounded by tobacco smoking and/or did not survive co-twin control tests. Secondary analyses of specific forms of victimization revealed sparse associations with DNA methylation that did not replicate across different operationalizations of the same putative victimization experience. Hypothesis-driven analyses of six candidate genes in the stress response (NR3C1, FKBP5, BDNF, AVP, CRHR1, SLC6A4) did not reveal predicted associations with DNA methylation in probes annotated to these genes.ConclusionsFindings from this epidemiological analysis of the epigenetic effects of early-life stress do not support the hypothesis of robust changes in DNA methylation in victimized young people. We need to come to terms with the possibility that epigenetic epidemiology is not yet well matched to experimental, nonhuman models in uncovering the biological embedding of stress.

Published
2018

23. Dementia, dementia's risk factors and premorbid brain structure are concentrated in disadvantaged areas: National register and birth‐cohort geographic analyses

Author

Reuben, Aaron, primary, Richmond‐Rakerd, Leah S., additional, Milne, Barry, additional, Shah, Devesh, additional, Pearson, Amber, additional, Hogan, Sean, additional, Ireland, David, additional, Keenan, Ross, additional, Knodt, Annchen R., additional, Melzer, Tracy, additional, Poulton, Richie, additional, Ramrakha, Sandhya, additional, Whitman, Ethan T., additional, Hariri, Ahmad R., additional, Moffitt, Terrie E., additional, and Caspi, Avshalom, additional

Published
2024
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25. He Piki Raukura: Assessing Ao Maori developmental constructs - Part I: Reliability of novel strengths-based measures among preschool Maori children

Author

Tamati, Aroaro, Treharne, Gareth J., Theodore, Reremoana, Ratima, Mihi, Hond-Flavell, Erana, Edwards, Will, Hond, Ruakere, and Poulton, Richie

Subjects
Early childhood education -- Measurement -- Analysis, Children -- Behavior, Child development -- Measurement -- Analysis, Maoris -- Measurement -- Analysis, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

This is the first of two papers describing the creation of measurement tools for four Maori constructs of positive child behaviour - tuakiri (secure local Maori identity); whanauranga (acting as a member of a whanau); manawaroa (persisting despite difficulty); and piripono (having integrity, commitment and responsibility). This paper describes the psychometric properties of these new measures. Parents and teachers completed questionnaires on 28 children aged 0-5 years five times over 10 months in a Maori-medium early years setting, and video observations were made. Ratings of the videos showed good inter-rater reliability. All questionnaire measures had good internal consistency. Associations of questionnaires with rated observations varied at some timepoints suggesting a need to include both in ongoing research. This study provides initial evidence about reliability of our novel Maori measurement tools for assessment of preschool Maori children. Keywords: Maori Indigenous psychology, Maori constructs, Maori child behaviour measures, Maori child development, reliability, validity, Introduction In Aotearoa, a number of measurement tools are used to assess and evaluate young children's development and behaviour. These assessments are commonly carried out by psychologists in research or [...]

Published
2021

26. He Piki Raukura: Assessing Ao Maori developmental constructs - Part II: Mapping positive change over 10 months among preschool Maori children

Author

Tamati, Aroaro, Treharne, Gareth J., Kokaua, Jesse, Theodore, Reremoana, Ratima, Mihi, Hond-Flavell, Erana, Edwards, Will, Hond, Ruakere, and Poulton, Richie

Subjects
Early childhood education -- Analysis, Maoris -- Analysis, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Supporting positive early childhood development is important for both short and long-term outcomes. This paper is the second of two papers examining the measurement of four Maori constructs underpinning positive child behaviours--tuakiri (secure local Maori identity); whanauranga (acting as a member of a whanau); manawaroa (persisting despite difficulty); and piripono (having integrity, commitment and responsibility). Here, we describe changes in measures of these constructs over a 10 month period. Whanau (families) and kaitiaki (teachers) completed questionnaires and video observations were made of 28 Maori children aged 0-5 years. Growth curve analysis revealed significant positive change in each construct across five timepoints, even controlling for age differences. These findings provide proof-of-concept that our novel measures of the four constructs are sensitive to change in positive child behaviours among preschool Maori children. Keywords: Maori child behaviour, Maori child development, kaupapa Maori, early childhood assessment, indigenous measurement tools, growth curve models, Introduction Evidence generated over recent decades demonstrates positive effects of well-designed preschool education programmes on children's developmental and behavioural outcomes in the short-term, and on their potential life trajectories over [...]

Published
2021

30. Identifying Adolescents at Risk for Depression: A Prediction Score Performance in Cohorts Based in 3 Different Continents

Author

Rocha, Thiago Botter-Maio, Fisher, Helen L., Caye, Arthur, Anselmi, Luciana, Arseneault, Louise, Barros, Fernando C., Caspi, Avshalom, Danese, Andrea, Gonçalves, Helen, Harrington, Hona Lee, Houts, Renate, Menezes, Ana M.B., Moffitt, Terrie E., Mondelli, Valeria, Poulton, Richie, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Wehrmeister, Fernando, and Kieling, Christian

Published
2021
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31. A deep-learning system for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk via the measurement of retinal-vessel calibre

Author

Cheung, Carol Y., Xu, Dejiang, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Tham, Yih-Chung, Yu, Marco, Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, Chai, Chew Yian, Gopinath, Bamini, Mitchell, Paul, Poulton, Richie, Moffitt, Terrie E., Caspi, Avshalom, Yam, Jason C., Tham, Clement C., Jonas, Jost B., Wang, Ya Xing, Song, Su Jeong, Burrell, Louise M., Farouque, Omar, Li, Ling Jun, Tan, Gavin, Ting, Daniel S. W., Hsu, Wynne, Lee, Mong Li, and Wong, Tien Y.

Published
2021
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33. Genetics of Nurture: A Test of the Hypothesis That Parents' Genetics Predict Their Observed Caregiving

Author

Wertz, Jasmin, Belsky, Jay, Moffitt, Terrie E., Belsky, Daniel W., Harrington, HonaLee, Avinun, Reut, Poulton, Richie, Ramrakha, Sandhya, and Caspi, Avshalom

Abstract

Twin studies have documented that parenting behavior is partly heritable, but it is unclear how parents' genetics shape their caregiving. Using tools of molecular genetics, the present study investigated this process by testing hypotheses about associations between a genome-wide polygenic score for educational attainment and parental caregiving in 702 members of the Dunedin Study, a population-representative birth cohort. Data have been prospectively collected from when Study members were born through to midlife, and include assessments of the caregiving they provided once they became parents. Results showed that parents' polygenic scores predicted warm, sensitive, and stimulating caregiving, both in personal interactions with their young children (as captured on video) and through the home environments they created for their families (as observed by home visitors). The magnitude of this effect was small. Polygenic-score associations were independent of well-established predictors of parenting, such as parents' own childhood experiences of parenting and the age at which they became parents. Polygenic-score associations were mediated by parents' early-emerging cognitive abilities and self-control skills. Findings have implications for theory and research about genetic influences on caregiving and child development.

Published
2019
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34. Disparities in the pace of biological aging among midlife adults of the same chronological age have implications for future frailty risk and policy

Author

Elliott, Maxwell L., Caspi, Avshalom, Houts, Renate M., Ambler, Antony, Broadbent, Jonathan M., Hancox, Robert J., Harrington, HonaLee, Hogan, Sean, Keenan, Ross, Knodt, Annchen, Leung, Joan H., Melzer, Tracy R., Purdy, Suzanne C., Ramrakha, Sandhya, Richmond-Rakerd, Leah S., Righarts, Antoinette, Sugden, Karen, Thomson, W. Murray, Thorne, Peter R., Williams, Benjamin S., Wilson, Graham, Hariri, Ahmad R., Poulton, Richie, and Moffitt, Terrie E.

Published
2021
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35. Investigating the genetic architecture of noncognitive skills using GWAS-by-subtraction

Author

Demange, Perline A., Malanchini, Margherita, Mallard, Travis T., Biroli, Pietro, Cox, Simon R., Grotzinger, Andrew D., Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Arseneault, Louise, van Bergen, Elsje, Boomsma, Dorret I., Caspi, Avshalom, Corcoran, David L., Domingue, Benjamin W., Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Ip, Hill F., Mitchell, Colter, Moffitt, Terrie E., Poulton, Richie, Prinz, Joseph A., Sugden, Karen, Wertz, Jasmin, Williams, Benjamin S., de Zeeuw, Eveline L., Belsky, Daniel W., Harden, K. Paige, and Nivard, Michel G.

Published
2021
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39. Resting EEG Correlates of Neurodevelopment in a Socioeconomically and Linguistically Diverse Sample of Toddlers: Wave 1 of the Kia Tīmata Pai Best Start New Zealand Study

Author

Arnett, Anne B., primary, Guiney, Hayley, additional, Bakir-Demir, Tugce, additional, Trudgen, Anita, additional, Schierding, William, additional, Reid, Vincent, additional, O’Sullivan, Justin, additional, Gluckman, Peter, additional, Reese, Elaine, additional, and Poulton, Richie, additional

Published
2023
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41. Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Author

Ip, Hill F., van der Laan, Camiel M., Krapohl, Eva M. L., Brikell, Isabell, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Nolte, Ilja M., St Pourcain, Beate, Bolhuis, Koen, Palviainen, Teemu, Zafarmand, Hadi, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Gordon, Scott, Zayats, Tetyana, Aliev, Fazil, Jiang, Chang, Wang, Carol A., Saunders, Gretchen, Karhunen, Ville, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Adkins, Daniel E., Border, Richard, Peterson, Roseann E., Prinz, Joseph A., Thiering, Elisabeth, Seppälä, Ilkka, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Day, Felix R., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Allegrini, Andrea G., Rimfeld, Kaili, Chen, Qi, Lu, Yi, Martin, Joanna, Soler Artigas, María, Rovira, Paula, Bosch, Rosa, Español, Gemma, Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Neumann, Alexander, Ensink, Judith, Grasby, Katrina, Morosoli, José J., Tong, Xiaoran, Marrington, Shelby, Middeldorp, Christel, Scott, James G., Vinkhuyzen, Anna, Shabalin, Andrey A., Corley, Robin, Evans, Luke M., Sugden, Karen, Alemany, Silvia, Sass, Lærke, Vinding, Rebecca, Ruth, Kate, Tyrrell, Jess, Davies, Gareth E., Ehli, Erik A., Hagenbeek, Fiona A., De Zeeuw, Eveline, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C.E.M., Larsson, Henrik, Snieder, Harold, Verhulst, Frank C., Amin, Najaf, Whipp, Alyce M., Korhonen, Tellervo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rose, Richard J., Uitterlinden, André G., Heath, Andrew C., Madden, Pamela, Haavik, Jan, Harris, Jennifer R., Helgeland, Øyvind, Johansson, Stefan, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Lu, Qing, Rodriguez, Alina, Henders, Anjali K., Mamun, Abdullah, Najman, Jackob M., Brown, Sandy, Hopfer, Christian, Krauter, Kenneth, Reynolds, Chandra, Smolen, Andrew, Stallings, Michael, Wadsworth, Sally, Wall, Tamara L., Silberg, Judy L., Miller, Allison, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Hakulinen, Christian, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Havdahl, Alexandra, Magnus, Per, Raitakari, Olli T., Perry, John R. B., Llop, Sabrina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans, Sunyer, Jordi, Lehtimäki, Terho, Arseneault, Louise, Standl, Marie, Heinrich, Joachim, Boden, Joseph, Pearson, John, Horwood, L. John, Kennedy, Martin, Poulton, Richie, Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Hewitt, John, Copeland, William E., Costello, Elizabeth J., Williams, Gail M., Wray, Naomi, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, McGue, Matt, Iacono, William, Caspi, Avshalom, Moffitt, Terrie E., Whitehouse, Andrew, Pennell, Craig E., Klump, Kelly L., Burt, S. Alexandra, Dick, Danielle M., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Vrijkotte, Tanja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Tiemeier, Henning, Davey Smith, George, Hartman, Catharina A., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Casas, Miquel, Ribasés, Marta, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Plomin, Robert, Bartels, Meike, Nivard, Michel G., and Boomsma, Dorret I.

Published
2021
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42. Epigenome-wide Association Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults

Author

Heijmans, Bastiaan T., ’t Hoen, Peter A.C., van Meurs, Joyce, Isaacs, Aaron, Jansen, Rick, Franke, Lude, Boomsma, Dorret I., Pool, René, van Dongen, Jenny, Hottenga, Jouke J., van Greevenbroek, Marleen M.J., Stehouwer, Coen D.A., van der Kallen, Carla J.H., Schalkwijk, Casper G., Wijmenga, Cisca, Zhernakova, Sasha, Tigchelaar, Ettje F., Slagboom, P. Eline, Beekman, Marian, Deelen, Joris, van Heemst, Diana, Veldink, Jan H., van den Berg, Leonard H., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Hofman, Bert A., Uitterlinden, André G., Jhamai, P. Mila, Verbiest, Michael, Suchiman, H. Eka D., Verkerk, Marijn, van der Breggen, Ruud, van Rooij, Jeroen, Lakenberg, Nico, Mei, Hailiang, van Iterson, Maarten, van Galen, Michiel, Bot, Jan, Zhernakova, Dasha V., Hof, Peter van ’t, Deelen, Patrick, Nooren, Irene, Moed, Matthijs, Vermaat, Martijn, Luijk, René, Bonder, Marc Jan, van Dijk, Freerk, Arindrarto, Wibowo, Kielbasa, Szymon M., Swertz, Morris A., van Zwet, Erik. W., Hoen, Peter-Bram ’t, Zilhão, Nuno R., Sugden, Karen, Hannon, Eilis J., Mill, Jonathan, Caspi, Avshalom, Agnew-Blais, Jessica, Arseneault, Louise, Corcoran, David L., Moffitt, Terrie E., Poulton, Richie, and Franke, Barbara

Published
2019
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45. Equity in New Zealand University Graduate Outcomes: Maori and Pacific Graduates

Author

Theodore, Reremoana, Taumoepeau, Mele, Kokaua, Jesse, Tustin, Karen, Gollop, Megan, Taylor, Nicola, Hunter, Jackie, Kiro, Cynthia, and Poulton, Richie

Abstract

Higher education confers significant private and social benefits. Maori and Pacific peoples are under-represented within New Zealand universities and have poorer labour market outcomes (e.g., lower wages, under-represented in skilled professions). A New Zealand tertiary education priority is to boost Maori and Pacific success in an effort to improve outcomes for these graduates, their communities and society in general. Using information collected in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand, we compared Maori and Pacific university graduate outcomes with outcomes of other New Zealand graduates. Data were collected when the participants were in their final year of study (n = 8719) and two years post-graduation (n = 6104). Employment outcomes were comparable between Maori, Pacific and other New Zealand graduates at two years post-graduation; however, Maori and Pacific graduates had significantly higher student debt burden and financial strain over time. They were significantly more likely to help others (e.g., family) across a range of situations (e.g., lending money), and reported higher levels of volunteerism compared to their counterparts. Boosting higher education success for Maori and Pacific students has the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities in New Zealand labour market outcomes and may result in significant private benefits for these graduates and social benefits as a result of their contribution to society.

Published
2018
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46. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Feigin, Valery L, Nichols, Emma, Alam, Tahiya, Bannick, Marlena S, Beghi, Ettore, Blake, Natacha, Culpepper, William J, Dorsey, E Ray, Elbaz, Alexis, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Fisher, James L, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Giussani, Giorgia, Glennie, Linda, James, Spencer L, Johnson, Catherine Owens, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Marin, Benoît, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, Nguyen, Minh, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Patel, Anoop P, Piccininni, Marco, Roth, Gregory A, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Theadom, Alice, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wright, Claire, Zunt, Joseph Raymond, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayuk, Tambe B, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Baune, Bernhard T, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Beuran, Mircea, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Blazes, Christopher Kynrint, Brayne, Carol, Butt, Zahid A, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cantu-Brito, Carlos, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chatziralli, Irini, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Cooper, Cyrus, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera M, Criqui, Michael H, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Daryani, Ahmad, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Leo, Diego, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Deribe, Kebede, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Diaz, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Edvardsson, David, El-Khatib, Ziad, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fatima, Batool, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Gelaw, Belayneh K, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geremew, Demeke, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gidey, Mahari Y, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Girma, Efrata Tufa, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goulart, Alessandra C, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heidari, Behnam, Henok, Andualem, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hu, Guoqing, Igumbor, Ehimario U, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jobanputra, Yash B, Jonas, Jost B, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamil, Teshome Abegaz, Kanchan, Tanuj, Karami, Manoochehr, Karch, André, Karimi, Narges, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, Kaul, Anil, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khazaie, Habibolah, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, Kiirithio, Daniel N, Kim, Anthony S, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnamurthi, Rita V, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kumar, Manasi, Lacey, Ben, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lansingh, Van C, Latifi, Arman, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Li, Shanshan, Liao, Yu, Linn, Shai, Lo, Warren David, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mackay, Mark T, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, März, Winfried, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mate, Kedar K V, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, Maryam, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradinazar, Mehdi, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muhammed, Oumer Sada, Muruet, Walter, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles Richard James, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nyasulu, Peter S, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Oren, Eyal, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, PA, Mahesh, Pakpour, Amir H, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pereira, David M, Petzold, Max, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Polanczyk, Guilherme V, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J, Poulton, Richie, Poustchi, Hossein, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ram, Usha, Ranta, Anna, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reinig, Nickolas, Reis, Cesar, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rios González, Carlos Miguel, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Sabbagh, Parisa, Sacco, Ralph L, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Safari, Hosein, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salamati, Payman, Salehi Zahabi, Saleh, Salimi, Yahya, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stokes, Mark A, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Te Ao, Braden James, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thrift, Amanda G, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasanthan, Rajagopalan, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weiss, Jordan, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Xu, Gelin, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yamada, Tomohide, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zare, Zohreh, Zhang, Yunquan, Zodpey, Sanjay, Naghavi, Mohsen, Murray, Christopher J L, and Vos, Theo

Published
2019
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48. Suicide Attempt in Young People: A Signal for Long-term Health Care and Social Needs

Author

Goldman-Mellor, Sidra J, Caspi, Avshalom, Harrington, HonaLee, Hogan, Sean, Nada-Raja, Shyamala, Poulton, Richie, and Moffitt, Terrie E

Subjects
Suicide Prevention, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Violence Research, Mental Health, Suicide, Depression, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Pediatric, Prevention, Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Comorbidity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Health Services, New Zealand, Personal Satisfaction, Social Support, Suicide, Attempted, Violence, Young Adult, Other Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

ImportanceSuicidal behavior has increased since the onset of the global recession, a trend that may have long-term health and social implications.ObjectiveTo test whether suicide attempts among young people signal increased risk for later poor health and social functioning above and beyond a preexisting psychiatric disorder.DesignWe followed up a cohort of young people and assessed multiple aspects of their health and social functioning as they approached midlife. Outcomes among individuals who had self-reported a suicide attempt up through age 24 years (young suicide attempters) were compared with those who reported no attempt through age 24 years (nonattempters). Psychiatric history and social class were controlled for.Setting and participantsThe population-representative Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, which involved 1037 birth cohort members comprising 91 young suicide attempters and 946 nonattempters, 95% of whom were followed up to age 38 years.Main outcomes and measuresOutcomes were selected to represent significant individual and societal costs: mental health, physical health, harm toward others, and need for support.ResultsAs adults approaching midlife, young suicide attempters were significantly more likely to have persistent mental health problems (eg, depression, substance dependence, and additional suicide attempts) compared with nonattempters. They were also more likely to have physical health problems (eg, metabolic syndrome and elevated inflammation). They engaged in more violence (eg, violent crime and intimate partner abuse) and needed more social support (eg, long-term welfare receipt and unemployment). Furthermore, they reported being lonelier and less satisfied with their lives. These associations remained after adjustment for youth psychiatric diagnoses and social class.Conclusions and relevanceMany young suicide attempters remain vulnerable to costly health and social problems into midlife. As rates of suicidal behavior rise with the continuing global recession, additional suicide prevention efforts and long-term monitoring and after-care services are needed.

Published
2014

49. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in the real world: Naturalistic use and effectiveness of an evidence-based platform in New Zealand.

Author

Guiney, Hayley, Mahoney, Alison, Elders, Anna, David, Charlie, and Poulton, Richie

Subjects
COMPETENCY assessment (Law), ANXIETY disorders treatment, SCIENTIFIC observation, INTERNET, MEDICAL care, EVIDENCE-based medicine, PUBLIC health, MEDICAL personnel, TREATMENT effectiveness, MENTAL depression, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ANXIETY disorders, COGNITIVE therapy
Abstract

Objective: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is an efficacious, scalable intervention that could help meet the significant demand for psychological treatment. Yet, there is limited real-world evidence for its effectiveness. This study investigated the use and effectiveness of a free iCBT programme ('Just a Thought') in New Zealand. Methods: We analysed 18 months of user data from the Just a Thought website to understand the characteristics of those who used the Depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder courses, how many lessons they completed, how mental distress changed across each course and the factors associated with adherence and improvement in mental health. Results: The results for both courses followed very similar patterns. Course adherence was low overall. There were small differences in adherence by age, gender and ethnicity, and larger differences for those who were 'prescribed' Just a Thought by a healthcare worker. Mixed models showed significant reductions in mental distress, with some tapering of improvement across latter lessons. Those most likely to show clinically meaningful reductions in mental distress had completed more lessons, were older and had a higher baseline level of distress. Conclusion: Alongside previous efficacy research, this real-world data indicate that iCBT is most likely to be effective at the population level and across different subgroups if users complete as much of the course as possible. Strategies to increase course adherence and maximise the public health benefits of iCBT include healthcare workers 'prescribing' iCBT and tailored solutions to meet the needs of young people, Māori and Pasifika. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Childhood sexual abuse and pervasive problems across multiple life domains: Findings from a five-decade study.

Author

Guiney, Hayley, Caspi, Avshalom, Ambler, Antony, Belsky, Jay, Kokaua, Jesse, Broadbent, Jonathan, Cheyne, Kirsten, Dickson, Nigel, Hancox, Robert J., Harrington, HonaLee, Hogan, Sean, Ramrakha, Sandhya, Righarts, Antoinette, Thomson, W. Murray, Moffitt, Terrie E., and Poulton, Richie

Subjects
CHILD sexual abuse, YOUNG adults, SEXUALLY transmitted diseases, ADVERSE childhood experiences, DELINQUENT behavior
Abstract

The aim of this study was to use longitudinal population-based data to examine the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and risk for adverse outcomes in multiple life domains across adulthood. In 937 individuals followed from birth to age 45y, we assessed associations between CSA (retrospectively reported at age 26y) and the experience of 22 adverse outcomes in seven domains (physical, mental, sexual, interpersonal, economic, antisocial, multi-domain) from young adulthood to midlife (26 to 45y). Analyses controlled for sex, socioeconomic status, prospectively reported child harm and household dysfunction adverse childhood experiences, and adult sexual assault, and considered different definitions of CSA. After adjusting for confounders, CSA survivors were more likely than their peers to experience internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders, suicide attempts, health risk behaviors, systemic inflammation, poor oral health, sexually transmitted diseases, high-conflict relationships, benefit use, financial difficulties, antisocial behavior, and cumulative problems across multiple domains in adulthood. In sum, CSA was associated with multiple persistent problems across adulthood, even after adjusting for confounding life stressors, and the risk for particular problems incremented with CSA severity. The higher risk for most specific problems was small to moderate, but the cumulative long-term effects across multiple domains reflect considerable individual and societal burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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