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Background: Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Sims. is a medicinal plant used by the locals of Meghalaya. However, its mechanism of action has not been well elucidated. Hence, this study investigated the effect of P. fulgens on IRS1 and Akt. The interaction of the various polyphenols present in P. fulgens with the IR tyrosine kinase and IRS1 PTB domain was studied using auto dock. Changes in expression of antioxidant enzymes, IRS-1, Akt and behavior of normal, diabetic, and diabetic mice treated mice were assessed after 14 days of treatment. Morphological changes in the liver tissue were determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Results: The effect of P. fulgens on blood glucose was time and dose dependent. Treatment with P. fulgens, Cat, E, CE, CEP and metformin improved the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glycogen, IRS-1 and Akt. The Forced Swimming test showed an altered behavior in diabetic mice. The altered mobility was reverted back to near normal on treatment with P.fulgens, Cat, E, CE, CEP and metformin. The morphological aberrations seen in diabetic animals considerably improved in the treated diabetic group. Conclusion: P. fulgens and its phytochemicals-catechin and epicatechin are potent sources of antidiabetic drugs, possibly mediating their effects through upregulation of insulin IRS-1 and Akt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Sims. is a medicinal plant used by the locals of Meghalaya. However, its mechanism of action has not been well elucidated. Hence, this study investigated the effect of P. fulgens on IRS1 and Akt. The interaction of the various polyphenols present in P. fulgens with the IR tyrosine kinase and IRS1 PTB domain was studied using auto dock. Changes in expression of antioxidant enzymes, IRS-1, Akt and behavior of normal, diabetic, and diabetic mice treated mice were assessed after 14 days of treatment. Morphological changes in the liver tissue were determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Results The effect of P. fulgens on blood glucose was time and dose dependent. Treatment with P. fulgens, Cat, E, CE, CEP and metformin improved the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glycogen, IRS-1 and Akt. The Forced Swimming test showed an altered behavior in diabetic mice. The altered mobility was reverted back to near normal on treatment with P.fulgens, Cat, E, CE, CEP and metformin. The morphological aberrations seen in diabetic animals considerably improved in the treated diabetic group. Conclusion P. fulgens and its phytochemicals-catechin and epicatechin are potent sources of antidiabetic drugs, possibly mediating their effects through upregulation of insulin IRS-1 and Akt.

Aim: This study evaluates the cytotoxic effect of Potentilla fulgens root extract on MCF7, U2OS, and RPE-1 cell lines and investigates its impact on cell migration. Materials and Methods: The effect of Potentilla fulgens root extract on the cell viability of MCF-7, U2OS, and RPE-1 cells was analyzed using an MTT assay. The effect of the compounds on cell migration was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours using the wound healing assay. A wound-healing assay was used to measure the metastatic ability of cells in vitro. Results: MTT assay showed that PRE had a cytotoxic effect on all three cell lines, depending on dose and time, and this effect was statistically significant. The wound healing assay results showed that PRE slowed the migration of live MCF-7 and U2OS cancer cells, and these effects increased over time. Conclusion: As a result, this study indicates that PRE may be very useful in treating human osteosarcoma and breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex. Hook, a highly valued Himalayan medicinal plant with anticancer, hypoglycaemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic properties, is used in traditional systems of medicine. The current study was aimed to quantify the phenolic acids (catechin, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, and ferulic acid) in the root extracts of P. fulgens as well as determine the total polyphenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect in mice. HPLC analysis was used to quantify the phytoconstituents in the methanolic (PME) and aqueous methanolic (PMWE) extracts. Except for ferulic acid, which was assessed to be greater (306 µg/100 mg) in PME, other phenolic components were found in higher concentrations in PMWE. Total flavonoids (3.42 ± 0.55 mg QE/g) and total phenolics (24.11 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g) were greater in PMWE. Even though both demonstrated comparable DPPH radical scavenging activity, PMWE showed a higher TAC value of 35.62 ± 2.17. PMWE (200 mg/kg) in in-vivo experiments showed anti-inflammatory action, with a maximal impact of 60.88 %. Thus, the roots of P. fulgens are an excellent source of phytochemicals that fight inflammation and discomfort by scavenging free radicals and the aqueous methanolic extract of P. fulgens has the potential for being developed into a variety of formulations and herbal products.

• The in vivo efficacy of the methanolic root peel extract of Potentilla fulgens on the polyploidy and uncontrolled cell division of Lathyrus sativus L. was significant. • The in silico study revealed that catechin could effectively bind with plant MET1 protein, an ortholog of cancer therapeutic target DMMT. • Lathyrus sativus L. root tip assay revalidated the use of the plant-based assay for initial screening for new plant extracts with active cytotoxic agents. • Plant-based assay system is a potentially cost and time effective complementary to cell culture-based cytotoxicity assay. • Methanolic root peel extract of Potentilla fulgens L. showed antiproliferative activity against E. histolytica. Native inhabitants of North-East India traditionally use Potentilla fulgens as a folk remedy for various diseases, including intestinal parasitic infections. P. fulgens root extract is enriched with catechin, afzelechin, fulgic acid and gallic acid like anticancer compounds. The cytotoxicity of P. fulgens root extract was confirmed on various human cancer cell lines. The potency of plant-based assay systems is increasingly apparent for the primary screening of plant extracts with cytotoxic effects. Various anti-proliferative activity assays utilizing the cell cycle attributes of Lathyrus sativus have been studied against different anticancer drugs and plant extracts. However, further validation of those plant extracts' cytotoxicity on human cancer cells is required for benchmarking plant-based assay system with classical methods based on malignant cells. Here, we have shown the effect of P. fulgens methanolic root extract on L. sativus root tip cells to revalidate the assay system. A significant reduction in the mitotic index was observed upon treatment of the L. sativus seeds with the plant extract. The extract caused reversion of colchicine induced polyploidy of L. sativus root cells comparably with anticancer drug cisplatin. Additionally, in silico interaction studies of catechin with the human DNMT1, anticancer drug target, and plant MET1 enzyme were performed. Our result showed that crucial residues important for catechin binding were conserved in the orthologs despite of their evolutionary divergence. This study also revealed that the treatment of 700 μg/ml of methanolic extract retarded the growth of Entamoeba histolytica by 60 % with a change in trophozoite shape compared to control indicated potential antiamoebic activity of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor that is common among adults. This aggression is due to increased invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis. Plant-based compounds have a high potential to be used as an anticancer agent due to their various mechanisms and less undesirable side effects. Potentilla fulgens is a medicinal plant, and methanolic root extract of P. fulgens (PRE) has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate antiproliferative effect of PRE on U118 and T98G glioblastoma cancer cells and to reveal which molecular signaling pathways regulate this mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: The effect of PRE on cell viability of GBM cells was investigated by MTT assay. Involvement of PRE with cell growth and survival signaling pathways, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR and c-Src/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), was examined using Western Blot. Results: PRE reduced cell viability of GBM and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells in a dose-and time-independent manner. PI3K expression/phosphorylation level remained unchanged in both GBM and HDF cells after PRE treatment, but Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was downregulated in PRE-treated cells. PRE treatment did not affect c-Src expression/phosphorylation level in GBM cells; however, expression of c-Src was suppressed in HDF cells. Similar results were observed for STAT3 expression and phosphorylation status. Conclusion: PRE has the ability to suppress cell viability in GBM cells, by targeting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to investigate whether the glucose lowering effects of Potentilla fulgens acts by modulating GLUT4, AKT2 and AMPK expression in the skeletal muscle and liver tissues. Alloxan-induced diabetic mice treated with Potentilla fulgens was assessed for their blood glucose and insulin level, mRNA and protein expression using distinguished methods. Additionally, GLUT4, AKT2 and AMPK were docked with catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, metformin, quercetin and ursolic acid reportedly present in Potentilla fulgens. Potentilla fulgens ameliorates hyperglycaemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AKT2 and AMPK, increases the expression of GLUT4, AKT2, AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 whose levels are reduced under diabetic condition. Molecular docking revealed interacting residues and their binding affinities (−4.56 to −8.95 Kcal/mol). These findings provide more clarity vis-avis the mechanism of action of the phytoceuticals present in Potentilla fulgens extract which function through their action on GLUT4, PKB and AMPK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roots of Potentilla fulgengs have been utilized for a long time as an astringent and tonic for treating gum and tooth diseases, microbial contagions, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and wounds and are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. Authentication and constant excellence are the rudimentary limitations of herbal medicines and their complexity is a key challenge for quality control. High‐performance liquid chromatography has become an important technique for the quality control of herbal medicines because of its simplicity and uniformity. It can be applied for the identification, confirmation, and quality control of herbal medicines. So, an approach using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in the hydroalcoholic extract (methanol:water::70:30% v/v) of Potentilla fulgens roots. The results revealed that ellagic acid was found in the highest amount (8.191 ± 0.463 mg/g) followed by rutin (5.429 ± 0.062 mg/g) and caffeic acid (3.032 ± 0.453 mg/g) among the studied phenolic compounds while quercetin was not detected. The validation parameters involved selectivity, linearity, range, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, and accuracy. All calibration curves were linear (R2 > 0.99) within the range, and good precision (relative standard deviation < 2.0%) and recovery (96.129%–117.110%) were found for all standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentilla fulgens is known as Himalayan Cinquefoil and Lyngniangbru, rich in polyphenolic constituents and used as folk medicine by inhabitants of northeast India. This study intended to develop and validate a high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for the quantification of catechin in the Potentilla fulgens roots extract and explore its antioxidant potential, acetylcholinesterase, and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibition activity. The separation was achieved using the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: acetone: formic acid (6:6:6:1, v/v) in which the Potentilla fulgens roots extract delivered a condensed peak at RF 0.58 equivalent to catechin as a phytomarker. The amount of catechin in the Potentilla fulgens roots extract was found to be 2.01% w/w. Potentilla fulgens roots extract showed abundant 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging potential with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of 43.39 ± 1.43 μg/ml and inhibited acetylcholinesterase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase in a concentration‐dependent manner against (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration 74.78 ± 1.2 and 64.02 ± 1.7 μg/ml, respectively). The developed and validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method is easy, accurate, and appropriate. These results support the use of Potentilla fulgens as folk medicine and suggest that Potentilla fulgens might be utilized as a rich source of natural antioxidants as well as acetylcholinesterase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase enzyme inhibitory agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Potentilla fulgens (Rosaceae) is an edible medicinal herb which is widely used in Indian and Chinese traditional medicine for treating gastric ulcer, diabetes, cancer and diarrhea. Literature reveals that the crude ethanolic extract (EPF) of the plant possessed promising gastroprotective effects in rodents. However, the actual chemical marker with a probable mechanism of action responsible for its anti-secretory efficacy is still left unexplored. Hence, the present investigation was aimed to examine the phytoconstituents responsible for gastric anti-secretory effect incorporating in vivo study supported by in silico molecular docking techniques. Methods: Experimentally, four EPF bioactive fractions were tested viz. chloroform (PFCH), ethylacetate (PFEA), n-butanol (PFBu) and aqueous (PFAq). As per the bioactivity guided assay, the most bioactive fraction (PFEA) was subjected to column chromatography and the isolated component (-) epicatechin (EC) was screened for its effects on gastric ulceration induced by pyloric ligation (PL) and absolute ethanol. Various gastric secretion parameters such as gastric juice volume, pH, H+, K+-ATPase activity and histamine levels were determined. In silico molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding efficacy of EC responsible for the inhibition of H+, K+-ATPase enzyme. Results: Results from the PL model indicate that PFEA, PFBu and EC showed significant gastroprotective effect (p

We aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of Potentilla fulgens on kidney tissue with ischemiareperfusion using immunohistochemical methods. Wistar rats were grouped as sham, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and I/R treated with Potentilla fulgens. Renal vessels of the left rat kidney were clamped for 60 minutes for ischemia, IR group had 6 h of reperfusion. 400 mg/kg Potentilla fulgens were given intraperitoneally 5 days before ischemia+reperfusion procedure. Biochemical analysis (MDA, GSH and MPO) of samples were performed. Kidney tissues were fixed with 10% neutral formalin and routine paraffin tissue follow-up protocol was applied, stained with routine Hematoxylin and Eosin. ADAMTS-5 and Caspase-3 immunostaining was applied for immunohistochemistry and examined under a light microscope. In the ischemia group, inflammation and congestion in the vessels and increased ADAMTS-5 expression in glomerular cells and tubule cells were observed. In reperfusion, an increase in degenerative glomerular cells, tubule cells and intertubular connective tissue and inflammatory cells ADAMTS-5 expression was observed. In the P. fulgens group, degeneration and inflammation decreased and positive ADAMTS-5 expression was observed. In the ischemia and ischemia reperfusion group, increased apoptotic appearance and Caspase-3 positive expression in glomerular and tubular cells, and negative expression in most cells in the P. fulgens group. Potentilla fulgens are thought to stop apoptotic cell development at a certain stage, which affects the cytokine mechanism and plays an important role in the reduction of inflammatory cells and angiogenic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentilla fulgens Wall. (Rosaceae) is a medicinal herb that is traditionally used to treat diabetes, ulcers, diarrhea, and cancer. Since the genus Potentilla bears numerous closely related species; hence, standardization of the specific species is of great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the aerial parts of P. fulgens (APPF) based on pharmacognostic, phytochemical, an in vitro study (antioxidant and antimicrobial) aspects. Pharmacognostical study of the APPF was done as per the standard guidelines of WHO. The study of in vitro antioxidant assays includes the total antioxidant capacity, reducing power assay, radical scavenging activity for DPPH, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. Antimicrobial assays of the successive extracts (PFSEs) were screened on six bacterial strains viz. B. subtilis, B. pumilus, E. coli, M. luteus, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus. The results of the present investigation depicted that various diagnostic characters can be drawn from the pharmacognostic aspects of APPF. Phytochemical screening concurrent with TLC showed the presence of polyphenolics, steroids, saponins, and carbohydrates. Total phenolic and tannin content was estimated which was found to be as high as up to 170.9 mg/g and 63.50 mg/ g respectively. PFSEs showed significant (p<0.05) antioxidant activity when compared to a reference standard (ascorbic acid); thus generating a strong linear co-relationship (R2=0.984) between total phenolic content responsible for antioxidative effects. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract (MPF) showed significant inhibitory activity against B. pumilus, E. coli, and M. leuteus. In conclusion, the present study revealed the pharmacognostical standardization of the aerial parts of P. fulgens with potent antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This examination was performed to research the advantage of the antioxidant impact of Potentilla fulgens on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Materials and Methods: In the SCI model of this examination, the tolerably serious lesion was performed at the L1-L2 spinal segmental level. SCI animals were given P. fulgens 400 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally. At 7 days post-lesion, exploratory rats were executed after intraperitoneal administration 7 ketamine HCL (0.15 mL/100 g body weight). Spinal cord specimens were taken for histological examination or assurance of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and myelope- roxidase (MPO) action. SCI caused a remarkable decline in spinal cord GSH content, trailed by noteworthy increments in MDA levels and MPO action.Results: Degenerative changes in some multipolar and bipolar nerve cells and pyknotic changes in the nuclei of glial cells were likewise noticed. Remarkable development was seen in cells and vascular structures of P. fulgens treated groups when contrasted with untreated groups.Conclusions: Potentilla fulgens application may influence angiogenetic impro- vement in vein endothelial cells, reduce inflammatory cell aggregation by influ- encing cytokine system and may make apoptotic nerve cells and neuroprotective component in glial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To determine the water content, total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material "Qibujing", so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft) of Yi Medicinal Material "Qibujing" in Sichuan Province. [Methods] According to the second method(drying method) in 0832 water content determination method and 2301 ash content determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition), it was determined, respectively, and the data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and DPS 7.05 data processing system. [Results] All the 14 batches of sample met the stipulation that the water content should not exceed 12.0%, the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%, and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5% under "Guan Zhong-(Qibujing)" in the 2005 edition of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard. There was a negative correlation between water content, acid-insoluble ash content and altitude, and a positive correlation between total ash content and altitude. [Conclusions] It is suggested that Quality Standard(Draft) of Yi Medicinal Material "Qibujing" in Sichuan Province stipulate that the water content should not exceed 12.0%, the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%, and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic head injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. As a result of head trauma occurring in the retina of the various biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical effects were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to traumatic brain injury with a weight-drop device using 300 g-1 m weight-height impact. Twenty one rats were divided into three groups, as group 1 (vehicle-treated control), group 2 (vehicle-treated trauma) group 3 trauma + Potentilla fulgens ( P. Fulgens) 400 mg/ kg/day, i.p.). Distilled water was used as vehicle. All rats were decapitated 5 days after the induction of trauma, and the protective effects of P. Fulgens were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Although further studies are necessary to evaluate the time-and dose-dependent neuroprotective effects of P. Fulgens. Depending on whether trauma inhibits apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, ganglion cells, it is thought that the the support against the degeneration of neural connections can be considered. This study indicates that P.Fulgens is potentially useful for the treatment of eye disorders induced by traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentilla fulgens is used extensively in traditional system of medicine and as a food additive for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and other ailments. The present study was aimed to isolate and identify the constituents with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The methanolic extract demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Fractionation and purification by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC led to the isolation of five terpenes, namely, hyptadienic acid, tormentic acid, rosamultic acid, 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid β-d-glucopyranoside ester and kajiichigoside F1 for the first time from this plant. Among these hyptadienic acid, which is an A-ring contracted triterpenoid, was found to be the most potent against α-glucosidase. This suggests that the A-ring contracted triterpenes may serve as a class of triterpenes with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Also, identification of enzyme inhibitory activity of these constituents explains the traditional use of P. fulgens in the management/treatment of diabetes. Quantitative estimation of the compounds was performed using HPLC and the method was validated.

A total of 32 Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups: (I) sham, (II) ischemia, (III) reperfusion and (IV) Potentilla fulgens. In groups I and II, ovary torsion was not performed and no drug was administered. In group III, 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were performed and no drug was given. Group IV received 400 mg/kg/day Potentilla fulgens intraperitoneally 5 days before Ischemia-reperfusion. All the parameters were observed to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all the experimental groups compared to the control group. In the sections of the ischemia-reperfusion group, degeneration of epithelium, dilation of blood vessels were observed. Potentilla fulgens administration reduced the morphological changes by induced I/R; in particular, infiltration, hemorrhage and vascular dilatation were decreased. Potentilla fulgens application during torsion, it plays an important role in maintaining the epithelial structure with E-cadherin expression. We suggest that PECAM-1(CD31) are a regulator of the microvascular response of the tubal mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect ofPotentilla fulgensextract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in male mice as a function of age. Methods: Eighteen-month-old Swiss albino male mice were administered the dichloromethane-methanol extract ofP. fulgens(250 mg/kg b.w.) on alternate days via intraperitoneal route for a period of 14 days. Lipid peroxidation and activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) in liver and kidney were measured and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was estimated. Phytochemical analysis ofP. fulgensextract using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was carried out with gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, and epicatechin as markers. Results: Significant increase in level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), decreased GPx1, and CAT activities as well as reduction in ORAC were observed in 18-month-old mice as compared to that of 2-month-old mice. Treatment withP. fulgensextract significantly lowered TBARS level, ameliorated CAT, and GPx1 activities in liver and kidney and improved serum ORAC in aging mice. HPTLC studies revealed well resolved bands ofP. fulgensextract containing epicatechin and catechin. Discussion: This study showed thatP. fulgensis a potent antioxidative agent, which can emerge as a promising candidate in alleviating the age-associated oxidative stress and related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts from the medicinal plant, Potentilla fulgens and evaluation of its anticancer and antimicrobial properties. The various parts of P. fulgens were screened and the root extract was found to have the highest potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The root extracts were able to quickly reduce Ag + to Ag 0 and stabilized the nanoparticles. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Visible spectrophotometry and further characterized using Zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electron microscopic study showed that the size of the nanoparticle was in the range of 10 to 15 nm and spherical in shape. The studies of phytochemical analysis of nanoparticles indicated that the adsorbed components on the surface of nanoparticles were mainly flavonoid in nature. Furthermore, nanoparticles were evaluated as cytotoxic against various cancer cell lines and 0.2 to 12 μg/mL nanoparticles showed good toxicity. The IC 50 value of nanoparticles was found to be 4.91 and 8.23 μg/mL against MCF-7 and U-87 cell lines, respectively. Additionally, the apoptotic effect of synthesized nanoparticles on normal and cancer cells was studied using trypan blue assay and flow-cytometric analysis. The results indicate the synthesized nanoparticle ability to kill cancer cells compared to normal cells. The nanoparticles also exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Potentilla fulgens is a commonly used folk medicine by natives of northeast India, Nepal and Bhutan and is rich in polyphenolic and triterpene constituents. Objective To identify chemomarkers in the roots of P. fulgens by an interplay of 13C-NMR, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation with time-of-flight (MALDI/TOF) MS, electrospray ionisation (ESI) MS/MS and HPLC/UV. Material and methods The 13C-NMR spectrum of crude methanolic extract was recorded in deuterated dimethyl sulphoxide. For MALDI/TOF/MS analysis, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as the matrix. For determination of chemical constituents, two independent simple isocratic HPLC/UV methods for monomeric/oligomeric flavanols and triterpene acids were developed and validated. Results The 13C-NMR spectrum of the methanolic extract indicated the presence of B-type oligomeric polyphenolics containing mainly epicatechin/catechin (epicat/cat) and epiafzelechin/afzelechin (epiafz/afz) as the monomeric units. Several isobaric monomeric and oligomeric flavanols and triterpenoids were tentatively identified by MALDI/TOF/MS and ESI/MS/MS. Fourteen compounds (four monomeric and five dimeric flavanols and five triterpene acids) were isolated using repeated column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, and were quantitated using HPLC/UV. Conclusion It is evident from these analyses that roots of P. fulgens contain flavans, including oligomeric flavanols, as major constituents followed by triterpene acids. The methods described can be applied to other Potentilla species to identify their constituents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The roots of Potentilla fulgens have been used for a long time as a folk remedy for many ailments without having information on its pharmacological action. Of the various extracts prepared by partitioning of the methanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to possess better antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The degree of reduction in cloning efficiencies of MCF-7 cell lines was more with ethyl acetate than with hexane fraction of the root-extract. Hence, this fraction was further purified and nine compounds, including two new ursane type triterpenoids Fulgic acid A (4) and Fulgic acid B (5), were identified and characterized. Other compounds were identified as ursolic acid, euscaphic acid, corosolic acid, epicatechin, catechin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and gallic acid. Chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially ESIHRMS and 2D NMR techniques. The new compounds showed good antioxidant activity and therefore this plant can be a source of natural antioxidants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Extracts of P. fulgens root inhibits α-glucosidase in vitro. [•] Five triterpenes including saponins were isolated and spectrally characterised. [•] Hyptadienic acid was found to effect maximum inhibition of enzyme. [•] These terpenoids may be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of P. fulgens. [•] The terpenoids were quantified by HPLC and the method was validated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Potentilla fulgens (Wall.) ex Hook. (Rosaceae) is a potent medicinal plant of the Western Himalayas, known under the name “Himalayan Cinquefoil or Bajradanti”, and has been used traditionally to treat ailments including peptic ulcers, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, diabetes and cancer. Objective: The aim of the present study was to scientifically evaluate the gastric-ulcer protective effect of P. fulgens ethanolic root extract (EPF) on experimental rats. Material and methods: The gastroprotective activity of EPF was evaluated on four gastric-ulcer models such as pyloric ligation (PL), ethanol (EtOH), cold restrain stress (CRS) and aspirin (ASP)-induced gastric ulcers. The gastric acid obtained from 4h PL-induced gastric ulcer rats was determined for total volume content, pH and total acid–pepsin output. Total carbohydrates and protein ratio, expressed as index of mucin activity, and DNA content were estimated in the gastric juice and gastric mucosal tissue. The microvascular permeability, H+K+–ATPase activity, gastric mucus and histamine content were also determined. The levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) and malondialdehyde in the stomach tissue (mucosal scrapings) were quantified. A histopathological study of the stomach was evaluated using eosin–haematoxylin stain. Results: EPF (200–400mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant protection against acute gastric-ulcer induced by EtOH, PL and CRS (400mg/kg, p.o.), but was found to be ineffective against ASP-induced ulcerogens. The effect of EPF on gastric juice studies in 4h PL rats significantly produced an increased level in gastric pH, whereas the effect on gastric volume and acid–pepsin output was observed to decrease significantly. However, EPF was found to have no significant effect on the defensive factors, thus revealing its antisecretory property by inhibiting the aggressive factors. EPF, significantly decreased the histamine level, inhibited the H+K+–ATPase activity and prevented the microvascular injury caused by ethanol in the rat stomach. Moreover, it was also observed to have antioxidant effects by producing a significant increase in the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH and decreased the LPO activity. Histopathological studies showed that EPF significantly prevented gastric lesions caused by ethanol. Conclusions: The present study showed that EPF has potent gastroprotective and antisecretory effects, thus justifying the traditional usage of this herb to treat gastric ulcers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The use of plants as a source of medicine is an important component of the health care system in rural India. Carex baccans (Cyperaceae) and Potentilla fulgens (Rosaceae) have been known since ancient times in northeast India for their antitumor, antidiabetic, and antihelmintic properties. The present study was designed to determine the subacute toxicity profile of the root tuber extract of C. baccans and root-peel extract of P. fulgens in Wistar rats. The subacute oral toxicity was conducted using sublethal doses of 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 400 mgkg−1 body weights. Surface topographical and ultrastructural observations of liver and intestinal microvilli showed remarkable deformation and disruption, accompanied by quantitative changes in the liver enzymes, i.e., aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in comparison to those of the control group. Apoptotic cell death was observed in the liver cells of rats exposed to both of the plant extracts. A significant increase in splenic lymphocyte count was also observed in rats exposed to the highest concentration of both extracts. The results showed that consumption of the plant extracts at higher doses may cause toxicological effect if treatment continues for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentilla fulgens, a member of the family Rosaceae, has been known since ancient times in Northeast India for its antiparasitic, antitumour and antidiabetic properties. The crude ethanolic extract of the plant was assayed against Raillietina echinobothrida, the intestinal cestode parasite of domestic fowl to authenticate the putative anthelmintic efficacy and cestocidal potential in particular of the plant. Treatment of the worm in-vitro with 25, 50 and 100 mg of crude extract per ml of phosphate buffered saline caused paralysis leading to death taking 4.02-4.20, 3.05-3.75 and 2.05-2.83 h respectively. Scanning electron microscopic observations on treated worms revealed deformation of surface architecture, particularly in scolex and surface microtriches. Severe distortion and disorganization of the tegumental and subtegumental layer along with cytoplasmic organelle was also observed under transmission electron microscope. The possible use of the plant as a potential anthelmintic against cestode parasite is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cestode parasite, Raillietina echinobothrida and the trematode, Gastrothylax crumenifer were exposed to the ethanolic root peel extract of Potentilla fulgens, an antiparasitic local medicinal plant of Meghalaya, India, to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of the plant. The parasites were incubated in 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg crude alcoholic extract per ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at a temperature of 37 ± 1°C. Paralysis and death were observed at 2.00 ± 0.05 and 2.80 ± 0.06 h for the cestode and 1.21 ± 0.06 and 2.18 ± 0.04 h for the trematode parasites at the highest test concentration of the plant extract. The commercial anthelmintic, Praziquantel (PZQ) showed higher activity at the tested concentration (0.02 mg/ml). To further investigate the efficacy of the plant extract, vital tegumental enzymes of the parasite viz. Acid phosphatase (AcPase), Alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase) and Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were studied. Quantitatively, the total enzyme activity of AcPase, AlkPase and ATPase was found to be reduced significantly by 69.20, 66.43 and 29.63% for R. echinobothrida and 47.96, 51.79 and 42.63% for G. crumenifer, respectively compared to the respective controls; histochemical study also showed reduction in the visible staining of the enzymes. The reference drug, PZQ also showed more or less similar effect like that of the plant extract. The result suggests that phytochemicals of P. fulgens have anthelmintic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Antioxidant activities of the methanol extract, fractions and isolated compounds from the roots of Potentilla fulgens Lodd. were evaluated by three in vitro experiments, namely, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. PF-2 was characterized as a new biflavanoid and designated as Potifulgene on the basis of NMR and mass spectrum, whereas PF-1 was identified as epicatechin. The activities of aqueous methanolic extract and fractions could be correlated with their respective total phenolic content and compared with standard natural antioxidants such as quercetin, vitamin C and pyrogallol. The root powder of the plant was extracted with methanol/water (80:20) by cold extraction and its extract was further partitioned with ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions. Among the three fractions (ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction) and the total aqueous methanolic extract, the butanol fraction exhibited good scavenging response measured in terms of TEAC (mM Trolox equivalent/mg extract). The butanol fraction was found to possess strong antioxidant activity (2.54±0.69, 2.41±0.53, 3.57±0.05mM Trolox equivalent/mg extract) with ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The chemical composition of extracts, studied in terms of total polyphenol content (TPC), was found in the range of 20.61±0.38 to 33.28±0.11mg/g gallic acid equivalent. A significant correlation was observed between total polyphenolics and antioxidant activity, indicating participation of phenolics in antioxidant activities of extract and fractions. The antioxidant activity of new biflavanoid (Potifulgene) was found to be higher, i.e. 6.85±0.38, 4.24±0.41, 5.35±0.53 than that of epicatechin, 2.13±0.05, 1.50±0.02, 1.57±0.03 with ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Allelopathic behaviour of three medicinal herbs viz. Rheum emodi, Saussaurea lappa and Potentilla fulgens, on some traditional food crops was examined. Germination of all the traditional food crops was reduced significantly under aqueous extracts of S. lappa and P. fulgens but radicle and plumule growth of Amaranthus caudatus and Eleusine coracana was reduced significantly under aqueous extracts of all three medicinal species. For marginal farmers sole medicinal plants cultivation is not possible, therefore, medicinal plants based agroforestry is being propagated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tap roots of Potentilla fulgens L. traditionally chewed along with betel nut (Areca catechu) and betel leaves (Piper betel), are commonly used by local practitioners for various types of ailments. The crude methanolic extract of the roots was tested for its effects in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic activity was observed to be dose- and time- dependent. The extracts reduced blood glucose level 2 h following administration in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. In alloxan-induced diabetic mice blood glucose was markedly reduced by 63%, while in normal mice a 31% reduction was observed 24 h after the effective dose of extract was administered. Further, in the diabetic mice a prolonged anti-hyperglycemic action was observed where glucose levels was, found to be significantly low (79%) when compared with control even on the third day. Glucose tolerance was also improved in both normal and diabetic mice. The results were compared against those of insulin, glibenclamide, metformin, and the probable mechanism of action is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]