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Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, polydopamine (PDA) was used to facilitate the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the simultaneous loading on waste silk fabrics (PDA-SF/AgNPs). The removal activity of the obtained composite PDA-SF/AgNPs on different dyes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was compared. The effects of reaction temperature, H2O2/PMS dosage, dye concentration, composite dosage, electrolyte concentration and time in two catalyst systems on the dye removal were discussed. The results showed the dye removal of Telon Red A2R reached 81% and 95% in 30–50 min in PDA-SF/AgNPs-H2O2 and PDA-SF/AgNPs-PMS system, respectively. Quenching experiments demonstrated that ·OH, ·O2– and SO4-· were produced during the degradation process, and the possible degradation pathway of Telon Red A2R were analyzed by HPLC-MS. In addition, the kinetic study indicated that the removal of dye followed quasi-second-order adsorption kinetics. These findings suggest that fabric-based composites have great potential and applications in catalysis and treatment of wastewater.

The 4Na2SO4 2H2O2 NaCl (SPS) with high active oxygen content was prepared from Na2SO4,50% H2O, and NaCl, potassium peroxymonosulfate compound salt (PMPS) was selected for compounding, and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the compound was obtained through the sterilization test. The SPS preparation conditions obtained by single factor experiment:25 mL hydrogen peroxide,4 g sodium chloride and 32 g anhydrous sodium sulfate reacted at 15 °C for 1 h, and the final product obtained by suction filtration and drying has a hydrogen peroxide content of about 9.76%. The thermal decomposition temperature was as high as 183 °C, and the mother liquor could be used for two consecutive uses to produce high-content products. Sterilization experiments show that when SPS and PMPS are compounded at a mass ratio of 1:1, the amount of sterilization is the smallest, and is lower than the amount of SPS used alone, indicating that PMPS can synergize with SPS to enhance the sterilization ability of SPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, the removal of p-Nitrotoluene (PNT) in typical synthetic wastewater was investigated using Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) motivated by Ferrous Ion. The PNT was degraded by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The effect of various factors such as ferrous ion and PMS concentrations, and pH on the removal of PNT was studied. Three-level full Factorial design of experiments (FFD) was employed for experimental design and statistical analysis. It was revealed that the PMS and ferrous ion concentrations and quadratic terms were statistically significant while the factor interactions were insignificant model terms. Increasing the PMS and ferrous ion concentrations enhanced the PNT removal efficiency to some extent. The pH had two-contrast influence and the neutral pH was the best. The most significant term was the concentration of ferrous ion, which influenced greatly on PMS and considerably caused a change in the PNT removal efficiency. R-squared, as a measure of the amount of variation around the mean explained by the model was 0.9827. The maximum removal condition was obtained at pH of 7, ferrous ion concentration of 12 mM and PMS concentration of 25 mM. The maximum removal of PNT and COD was achieved as 96% and 67%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are becoming increasingly popular in basic research as well as in clinical gene therapy. Due to its exceptional resistance against physical and chemical stress, however, the increasing use of AAV in laboratories and clinics around the globe raises safety concerns. Proper decontamination of tools and surfaces based on reliable AAV inactivation is crucial to prevent uncontrolled vector dissemination. Although recommended for AAV decontamination, sodium hypochlorite is not compatible with all surfaces found in the laboratory or clinical environment due to its corrosive nature. We, therefore, compared 0.5% sodium hypochlorite to 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), a second substance declared effective, and to three less aggressive, commonly available alternative disinfectants 70% ethanol, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.45% potassium peroxymonosulfate. The impact of all five disinfectants on virus capsid integrity, viral genome integrity, and infectivity upon different exposure times was tested on AAV2 and AAV5, two serotypes with highly different thermostability. While sodium hypochlorite, potassium peroxymonosulfate, and PAA successfully inactivated AAV2 after 1, 5, and 30 min, respectively, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide did not show significant effects on AAV2 even after exposure for 30 min. For AAV5, only sodium hypochlorite and potassium peroxymonosulfate proved efficient capsid and genome denaturation after incubation for 1 and 30 min, respectively. Consequently, ethanol or hydrogen peroxide should not be considered for routine laboratory or clinical use, while 0.45% potassium peroxymonosulfate and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite represent suitable and broadly effective disinfectants for AAV inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although heterogeneous catalysts can be seperated from reaction media easily, catalyst efficiency is often decreased compared to homogeneous counterparts. In this study, catalytic oxidation of thymol and carvacrol were investigated using micron and nano‐sized PCN‐222(Fe) as heterogeneous catalysts and water soluble Fe‐porphyrin complex (FePTC) as homogeneous catalyst in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Fe‐porphyrin complexes is well‐known catalyst for oxidation reactions. PCN‐222(Fe), a Zr‐based mesoporous MOFs utilizing porphyrin as organic linker, exhibits similar catalytic performance compared to FePTC for the first use. However, higher conversion values were achieved in PCN‐222(Fe) for the second cycles compared to the homogeneous systems highlighting the importance of heterogeneous MOF system. Thymoquinone (TQ) selectivities of the carvacrol oxidation are 5 and 8 times higher than homogeneous system in the second cycle for nano‐ and micro‐PCN222(Fe), respectively. Importantly, PCN‐222(Fe) can be used for at least 3 cycles with the reduced PMS:catalyst mole ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new approach was studied for determination of alkaloid Platyphylline in a form of N-oxide by reduction current on the dropping mercury electrode. The optimal conditions were selected for chemical transformation (using of potassium peroxymonosulfate) of Platyphylline into N-oxide and with following product reduction on the electrode. On this basis, the methods of determination of Platyphylline in the solution for injections and in tablets were developed. New methods of indication are characterized by very simple sample preparation, wide linear range, low limit of determination (2.1∙10-6 mol∙L-1), sufficient accuracy and selectivity. These methods were checked while analysing one-component solution for injections and combined drug - tablets. The obtained results of analysis were compared to those indicated in the certificate of analysis issued by testing laboratories of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drugs Control. Defined metrics vary from 97.17 to 102.02 %. The method of determination Platyphylline in the solution for injections «Platyphylline-Zdorovye» is validated (the criterion linearity, accuracy as well as precision). The validation evaluation results have proved the correctness and reliability of the developed method. The main feature of the proposed method for the determination of Platyphylline using N-oxide as an analytical form is the ability to determine directly the metabolite of Platyhylline. Consequently, the work can be adapted for the determination of N-oxide Platyphylline in plant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and preparation of highly efficient advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) catalysts is a crucial research area in the field of water pollution control. Herein, a single-atom AOP catalyst Co-N/C material (TPM-650) has been synthesized through the pyrolysis of the flower-shaped Co-TCPP MOF precursor, which is designed based on coordination confinement with TCPP. HAADF-STEM image analysis confirms the uniform distribution of single Co atoms throughout the TPM-650 material, which served as the highly efficient catalytic centers and can achieve 99.99% catalytic degradation of MG dyes in 24 min with only trace dosage ([TPM-650] = 1 mg/L, pseudo-first-order kinetic model, K obs =0.302 min−1) and low leaching of Co ions (0.348 μg/L). Under optimal condition, the degradation of MG exhibits a high turnover number (dTON) of 68.5 mmol h−1 g cat −1 and a significant reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) by 58.7%. Radical quenching experiments and EPR measurements demonstrated that various reactive oxygen species (•SO 4 −, •OH, 1O 2 , MIV(O)/MV(O)) contributes to accelerating MG degradation. The enhanced efficiency and stability were attributed to the ultrathin layer supported single-atom Co-N/C structure, high mesopore volume, and synergy between the catalyst and peroxymonsulfate (PMS) with a synergy index of 16.5. This study not only reports a highly efficient and stable advanced oxidation catalyst Co-N/C, but also confirms that the nitrogen-coordinated Co sites are the primary active sites responsible for PMS activation; thus providing valuable insights into designing efficient transition metal-based AOP catalyst via coordination method for environmental remediation. • A novel Co-C/N material was designed by pyrolysis of flower-shaped Co-TCPP MOF. • The 1 mg/L TPM-650 catalyst can rapidly degrade 99.99% of MG dye within 24 min. • The highly dispersion of Co single atom could improve the utilization of Co sites. • The high porosity of TPM-650 can bring more catalytically active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • A novel pretreatment process based on PMS and AD was established under mild condition. • The established process was efficient with high holocellulose recovery. • The pretreated SCB showed an excellent SSCF performance with high yield. • High titer of ethanol and succinic acid were co-produced at low enzyme loading. Abstract Pretreatment is a necessary step in the process of biorefinery of lignocellulosics. Here, a novel sequential sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreatment method was developed based on potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and alkaline deacetylation (AD) under mild conditions. The co-pretreatment could efficiently remove the lignin and acetyl groups, resulting in a holocellulose-rich (83.5%) solid with superior degradability and a high overall recovery of holocellulose (81.2%). Meanwhile, the highest ethanol titer of 120.77 g/L and succinic acid production of 34.84 g/L were obtained by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) without the sterilization process for the pretreated SCB (equivalent to an ethanol yield of 0.36 g/g and a succinic acid yield of 0.10 g/g from the holocellulose in raw SCB). These results demonstrated that a high level of bioethanol and bio-based succinic acid can be achieved by the combination of the newly-developed SCB pretreatment method and the robust yeast strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In this work, polydopamine (PDA) was used to facilitate the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO 3) to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the simultaneous loading on waste silk fabrics (PDA-SF/AgNPs). The removal activity of the obtained composite PDA-SF/AgNPs on different dyes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was compared. The effects of reaction temperature, H 2 O 2 /PMS dosage, dye concentration, composite dosage, electrolyte concentration and time in two catalyst systems on the dye removal were discussed. The results showed the dye removal of Telon Red A2R reached 81% and 95% in 30–50 min in PDA-SF/AgNPs-H 2 O 2 and PDA-SF/AgNPs-PMS system, respectively. Quenching experiments demonstrated that ·OH, ·O 2 – and SO 4 -· were produced during the degradation process, and the possible degradation pathway of Telon Red A2R were analyzed by HPLC-MS. In addition, the kinetic study indicated that the removal of dye followed quasi-second-order adsorption kinetics. These findings suggest that fabric-based composites have great potential and applications in catalysis and treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid growth and industrialization have become a major threat to water contamination with carcinogenic chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Therefore, this study aims to assess the TCE degradation performance through advanced oxidation process (AOP) using catalyst FeS 2 in combination with oxidants persulfate (PS), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) in PS/FeS 2 , PMS/FeS 2 , and H 2 O 2 /FeS 2 systems, respectively. TCE concentration was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The results found the trend for TCE degradation by the systems was PMS/FeS 2 >PS/FeS 2 >H 2 O 2 /FeS 2 (99.84, 99.63, and 98.47%, respectively). Degradation of TCE was analyzed at different pH ranges (3–11) and maximum degradation at a wide pH range was observed for PMS/FeS 2. The analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scavenging tests explored responsible reactive oxygen species (ROS) for TCE degradation and found that HO• and SO 4 −• played the most effective role. The results of catalyst stability showed PMS/FeS 2 system the most promising with the stability of 99, 96 and 50% for the first, second and third runs, respectively. The system was also found efficient in the presence of surfactants (TW-80, TX-100, and Brij-35) in ultra-pure water (89.41, 34.11, 96.61%, respectively), and actual groundwater (94.37, 33.72, and 73.48%, respectively), but at higher reagents dosages (5X for ultra-pure water and 10X actual ground water). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the oxic systems have degradation capability for other TCE-like pollutants. In conclusion, due to its high stability, reactivity, and cost-effectiveness, PMS/FeS 2 system could be a better choice for the treatment of TCE contaminated water and can be beneficial for field application. [Display omitted] • TCE degradation performance using FeS 2 with PS, PMS, and H 2 O 2 systems was assessed. • Most promising TCE degradation was achieved by PMS/FeS 2 system at wide pH range. • HO.• and SO 4 −• were the primary ROS for TCE degradation in all three systems. • PMS/FeS 2 system showed the most promising catalytic stability for all three runs. • Effective TCE degradation in aqueous solution and actual groundwater was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid growth and industrialization have become a major threat to water contamination with carcinogenic chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (TCE). Therefore, this study aims to assess the TCE degradation performance through advanced oxidation process (AOP) using catalyst FeS 2 in combination with oxidants persulfate (PS), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in PS/FeS 2 , PMS/FeS 2 , and H 2 O 2 /FeS 2 systems, respectively. TCE concentration was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The results found the trend for TCE degradation by the systems was PMS/FeS 2 >PS/FeS 2 >H 2 O 2 /FeS 2 (99.84, 99.63, and 98.47%, respectively). Degradation of TCE was analyzed at different pH ranges (3-11) and maximum degradation at a wide pH range was observed for PMS/FeS 2 . The analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scavenging tests explored responsible reactive oxygen species (ROS) for TCE degradation and found that HO• and SO 4 - • played the most effective role. The results of catalyst stability showed PMS/FeS 2 system the most promising with the stability of 99, 96 and 50% for the first, second and third runs, respectively. The system was also found efficient in the presence of surfactants (TW-80, TX-100, and Brij-35) in ultra-pure water (89.41, 34.11, 96.61%, respectively), and actual groundwater (94.37, 33.72, and 73.48%, respectively), but at higher reagents dosages (5X for ultra-pure water and 10X actual ground water). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the oxic systems have degradation capability for other TCE-like pollutants. In conclusion, due to its high stability, reactivity, and cost-effectiveness, PMS/FeS 2 system could be a better choice for the treatment of TCE contaminated water and can be beneficial for field application., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aquatic alien invasive species (AIS) are a substantial and increasing threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function worldwide. In particular, invasive aquatic macrophytes, such as the South African curly waterweed Lagarosiphon major ((Ridley) Moss 1928), induce major environmental change that often culminates in wide-ranging ecological and socio-economic impacts. Currently, there is a lack of effective biosecurity protocols to mitigate against such invader spread. Here, we examine the efficacy of a broad-spectrum aquatic disinfectant, Virasure® Aquatic, to induce mortality of L. major propagule stages. We assessed the efficacy of Virasure® Aquatic at contact times of 1, 2 and 5 minutes, using 1% (10g L-1) and 4% (40g L-1) concentrations. A necrosis scale was applied to visually assess tissue degradation. Necrosis increased with longer chemical contact times, with fragment degradation optimised at 2 minutes at 1% concentration and 1 minute at 4% concentration. Mode of application was also critical to treatment effectiveness, with spray treatments less effective than submersion treatments. We recommend the use of Virasure® Aquatic via submersion for a minimum period of 2 minutes at 1% concentration or higher. While spray applications should be applied when submersion is not feasible, such as with large water craft, increased spray times beyond those assessed here should be examined. However, results presented suggest that Virasure® Aquatic can effectively reduce the secondary spread of invasive L. major, and may thus form an integral part of biosecurity protocols. The use of broad-spectrum disinfectants and other readily available treatments, that were not purposefully developed for aquatic AIS control but nevertheless are emerging as effective in aquatic AIS management, is discussed and encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we were testing possible usage of commercial tablets for dental prosthesis, containing potassium peroxymonosulfate as a reagent for determination of antioxidant capacity in vitro. Our aim was to develop fast, simple and cheap method for determination of antioxidant capacity that will be suitable for laboratories with modest resources. This method was previously proposed, but we have chosen somewhat different approach. Because of the quite narrow linear range, when ascorbic acid was used as standard, for the preparation of the calibration curve, we have used a catechin in the concentration range from 0.125 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. Obtained calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of R2=0.992 and it was used for further determination of antioxidant capacity of selected samples. In order to test the possibility of this method for determination of antioxidant capacity of real samples, we have used five samples which antioxidant capacity was proven in previous testing with different in vitro and in vivo methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degradation of 2,4,6-trichloropenol (TCP) with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by iron porphyrin tetrasulfonate ([FePTS)] was investigated in an 8-to-1 (v/v) CH 3 OH-H 2 O mixture. Typical reaction medium contained a 4.00 mL methanol solution of TCP (0.100 mmol), a 0.50 mL aqueous solution of catalyst (5.0 × 10 −4 mmol), and 0.100 mmol PMS (as 0.031 g of Oxone). The reaction was performed at ambient temperature. The conversion of TCP was 74% in 30 min and 80% in 6 h when the catalyst was [FePTS]. Amberlite IRA -900 supported [FePTS] catalyst was also prepared. In the recycling experiments the homogeneous [FePTS] lost its activity after the first cycle, while [FePTS]-Amberlite IRA 900 maintained its activity for the first 2 cycles. After the second cycle, the conversion of TCP dropped to <10% for Amberlite IRA -900 supported [FePTS] catalyst. The degradation of TCP with PMS was also attempted using cobalt, copper, nickel and palladium porphyrin tetrasulfonate catalysts, however, no catalytic activity was observed with these structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel sea water disinfection process to complement and improve the microbial depuration of clams ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) was tested by employing a potassium peroxymonosulfate (MPS)-based product. A broad and multidisciplinary approach was used to achieve a quite complete pattern of the potential suitability of this innovative MPS-based disinfectant treatment to improve the microbiological quality of cultured Manila clams. The biocidal activity was evaluated against the Vibrio spp. population naturally associated with sea water and against viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), genus Betanodavirus , the most threatening among the viral pathogens of marine finfish. The novel depuration process by sea water potassium MPS-based disinfection set up and tested in the present study (1000 ppm disinfectant for 3 h) greatly reduced the tested bacteria and viruses in the sea water column, being able to counteract the restarting of microorganisms during the depuration process. Furthermore, the microbiological quality of harvested clams with respect to their Vibrio spp. load improved after the 1000 ppm disinfectant 3 h treatment. The potential use of this treatment was strengthened by the absence of effects on clam health and welfare. This issue was assessed by direct observation as indicated by Regulation EC 853/2004, and by the unaltered biochemical parameters, cortisol level and histological pattern. The absence of undesired side-effects and surfactant residues in the edible flesh was also ascertained. The whole of data suggests that the proposed treatment may potentially represent an innovative strategy to face, in a quite easy and feasible way, still unresolved matter of concern in clam commercialization. However, further studies are required to check if the 3 h treatment positive effect on clams is preserved during the subsequent out of water maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Environmental cleaning is an important aspect of infection control, especially for organisms such as rotavirus that are transmitted through direct and indirect contact. Methods: We evaluated an intervention to prevent rotavirus infection in a pediatric ward by using wipes impregnated with a potassium peroxymonosulfate-based environmental disinfectant (PPD) for environmental cleaning. Prevalence rate (%) and incidence density rate (‰) for rotavirus were measured before and after the intervention. To estimate the efficacy of environmental cleaning, we evaluated the persistent bactericidal activities of commercially available antimicrobial products containing PPD. Results: Prevalence rate (%) and incidence density rate (‰) for rotavirus were 5.54 and 2.85 before intervention (Apr-Jun, 2012), incidence density rate after intervention (Apr-Jun, 2013) was decreased to 1.48 despite the higher prevalence rate 8.62. PPD demonstrated persistent bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for up to 24 hours after application on experimental surfaces. Conclusions: This study showed that intervention to promote the use of PPD was useful in preventing secondary infection of RV in pediatric ward. PPD was also considered to be useful from the viewpoint of persistent antimicrobial action, convenience, and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 1T-MoS 2 /PMS oxidation process was successfully established for IMI degradation. • The nano-scale 1T-MoS 2 exhibited good catalytic activity for PMS oxidation process. • The activation mechanism of PMS by 1T-MoS 2 was revealed. • The degradation pathway of IMI by 1T-MoS 2 /PMS oxidation process was proposed. Imidacloprid (IMI) which has been widely detected in the natural water environment is potentially genotoxic to humans and should be effectively eliminated. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes are considered to be reliable means aiming at organic pollutants degradation, while an efficient catalyst is urgently needed for the activation of the reaction. As a two-dimensional material, 1T-MoS 2 is expected to be applied for the activation of persulfates due to its abundant active sites and good electrical conductivity. Therefore, in this study, 1T-MoS 2 was synthesized by a simple and safe two-step solvothermal reaction and proposed as an emerging activator of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of IMI. It was found that 1T-MoS 2 has significantly better catalytic performance on PMS than 2H-MoS 2 and Bulk-MoS 2 , reaching. 76.4 % at pH = 3. The degradation rate of IMI reduced under alkaline conditions due to the inhibition of catalytic processes. Among the different coexisting anions, H C O 3 - had the greatest degree of interference and inhibition to the degradation process, resulting in the lowest IMI degradation rate for only 42.45 %. Quenching experiments and EPR analysis showed that S O 4 - ∙ and OH were the main reactive oxygen species in the 1T-MoS 2 /PMS process. In addition, the IMI degradation pathways analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS included dehydrogenation, electrophilic addition, heterocyclic ring breakage and intramolecular rearrangement. This study promotes the application of 1T-MoS 2 and is expected to provide a novel persulfate-based advanced oxidation process catalyzed by 1T-MoS 2 for IMI elimination in the aqueous environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenols are of much toxicological and they must be effectively removed from the wastewater from industries as well as sewage treatment. Such removal demands a special and strong composite. So, this piece of research aims to activate Potassium peroxymonosulfate (PPMS) with the large surface area of magnetite nitrogen-fixed porous carbon nanotube composites (Co/CoOx@NCNT). Increases in the graphitization degree and structural control brought about by the incorporation of reduced Graphite oxide (rGO) significantly increased the catalyst activity of Co/CoOx@NCNT. It was found that PPMS activation for phenol removal by Co/CoOx@NCNT was nearly as effective as by homogeneous Co2+, with nearly 100% removal efficiency in 10 min. Both high reusability and high recycling of Co/CoOx@NCNT were accomplished simultaneously by proving the technology of viability in practical applications. The PPMS activation mechanism in the Co/CoOx@NCNT/PPMS system was driven by the electron transmission from contaminants to PPMS through the sp2− hybrid carbon nanotubes and nitrogen system. The selectivity of the Co/CoOx@NCNT/PPMS system to remove diverse organic compounds was determined by batch experiments. Due to the insignificant impact of radicals reactive on pollutant breakdown, the ability to inhibit species (such as Cl− and natural organic materials) from a minor role was significantly decreased. These results not only shed light on the process of PPMS heterogeneous activation but also provided a framework for the balanced project of highly effective nanocarbon-based catalysts for PPMS activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triclosan (TCS) is commonly used as a biocide against bacterial and fungal infections. The overuse of TCS has resulted in its abundance in the natural environment. Sulfate radicals have been used for in-situ groundwater remediation because of their superior performance. In this study, Co–Fe/Al oxidation electrodes were prepared to investigate the effect of electrode configurations on TCS remediation using electrokinetic geooxidation (ECGO) technology coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a soil system. The Co–Fe/Al electrodes catalyzed the activity of PMS by solid-phase Co2+ to produce sulfate radicals. Four electrode configurations, named G1–G4, applying a potential gradient of 2 V/cm, were conducted for ten days in all experiments. Results showed that 14.2–66.2% of TCS remediation efficiency was observed. TCS was mainly degraded by the Co–Fe/Al electrode and sulfate radicals rather than being removed by the electroosmotic flow. The degradation efficiencies of the G4 system (66.0%) and the G2 or G3 system (36.6% or 64.4%, respectively) were much higher than that of the G1 system. (13.5%). Three regions (effective, ineffective, and enhanced) were classified to explore the effect of the electric field on TCS remediation. The arrangement of the honeycomb cells was related to the area of enhanced region in the system, in which the superior remediation performance of the TCS was found. Therefore, TCS remediation performance is highly related to the electrode configuration and honeycomb arrangement in the system. The seven-unit honeycomb system (G4) demonstrated a linear and centralized arrangement, resulting in fast migration and excellent degradation of the TCS. [Display omitted] • To evaluate electrode configurations for remediation of triclosan-contaminated soil. • The activation of PMS was effectively catalyzed by Co–Fe/Al electrode. • The degradation mechanism was dominant for the remediation of TCS. • Centralized honeycomb arrangement possessed higher remediation efficiency. • Remediation is highly related to electrode configuration and honeycomb arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel voltammetric method of local anesthetics such as lidocaine, trimecaine and mepivacaine determination has been developed. The proposed method was based on the obtaining of anesthetic N-oxides in oxidation reaction with futher reduction of reaction product. Experimental conditions affecting quantitative yield of anesthetic N-oxides such as oxidation time, oxidant concentration and temperature were studied. This assay was found to be linear (R=0.999) over a concentration range n⋅10−6-5 ⋅ 10−5 mol L−1. Calculated LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.38 and 1.14 μg mL−1 respectively. Sensitivity of presented method is comparable with that of chromatographic method. Overall, the developed method exhibited good selectivity towards components of pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of studied anesthetics in different pharmaceutical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CoMnAl mixed metal oxides (CoMnAl-MMO) were prepared and employed in heterogeneous activation of Oxone for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Typically, 10 mg L −1 of BPA could be completely degraded under the coexistence of 0.02 g L −1 of CoMnAl-MMO and 0.15 g L −1 of Oxone within 90 min at 25 °C. The degradation performance was evaluated in view of metal leaching and various effects, e.g., pH, Oxone dosage and temperature. The results indicated that the system of MMO/Oxone was suitable for the treatment of wastewater and presented favorable recycling and stability in both neutral and alkaline conditions. It was confirmed that BPA degradation catalyzed by CoMnAl-MMO followed well with the first order kinetics model and the an activation energy was calculated as 76.83 kJ mol −1 . The sulfate radicals were recognized as the main species to oxidize pollutants in the MMO/Oxone system. Particular attention was paid to the catalysis activation mechanism of peroxymonosulfate and the degradation pathway of BPA, which were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), LC–MS and GC–MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of monopersulfate (MPS) which is an active part of potassium monopersulfate triple salt that has the commercial name – Oxone. This work proposes a spectrophotometric determination of monopersulfate based on modification of the iodometric titration method. The analysis of absorption spectra was made for the concentration range from 1.35 to 13.01 ppm of MPS (with a detection and quantification limit of 0.41 and 1.35 ppm, respectively) and different pH values. The influence of several anions on the measurement was also investigated. Furthermore, the absorbance of iron and cobalt (often used as free radical initiators) proved to have no effect on the measurement of MPS concentrations. On the basis of the conducted studies, we propose 395 nm as an optimal wavelength for the determination of MPS concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virusnip™ is one of the commercial potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectants widely used in swine farms. This disinfectant is well studied and proves to be excellent in antimicrobial activity previously. However, there is no information about its efficacy under field condition. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the virucidal activity of Virusnip® against PCV2 in farm condition. Consequently, 1:200 concentration of VirusnipTM was sprayed for 15 minutes once or twice daily depending on the acclimatization period in gilts isolation units compared to the untreated group in the same building. Environmental swabs and oral fluid samples were collected and pooled to determine virucidal effectiveness of PCV2 in the environment as well as virus shedding in the oral secretion of the studied animals. Viral load in each group was quantified by a modified real-time PCR specific for ORF1 of PCV2. Result showed significant reduction in the viral load from the environment contamination and also from the oral fluid samples of the treatment group compared to the control group. This indicates that potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectant (Virusnip™) can be a disinfectant of choice used for reducing the viral contamination and viral transmission among animals under field situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]