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The study aimed to search for mutations in the ATP7B gene using massively parallel sequencing in patients with Wilson disease in the Tomsk region. For 42 patients with suspected Wilson's disease (aged from 1 to 33 years) was performed molecular genetic analysis. Enrichment of the interest genome regions was carried out by the long-range PCR. DNA libraries with ligated adapters were constructed with Nextera DNA Flex (Illumina, USA) kit. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina, USA). As a result of this work, we identified 9 pathogenic genetic variants. All variants were previously described in the literature and were found in patients with Wilson's disease. Five missense mutations, one splice site mutation, and 3 frameshift mutations were identified. In patients with Wilson's disease in the Tomsk region, the most common variant was c.3207C>A, this variant is the most common both in the Russian Federation and in other European populations. Also, a pathogenic variant c.3036dupC was found, which is probably endemic to the Russian Federation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. The copper accumulation in the viscera appears due to the functional impairment of copper-transporting ATPase, which is encoded by the ATP7B gene. In this study, PBMCs of a patient with two ATP7B mutations were reprogrammed. The first mutation is a missense mutation p.H1069Q, which is the most frequent mutation in the human population. At the same time, the second one is a frameshift mutation p.Lys1013fs. The generated iPSC line had a normal karyotype, maintained the original genotype, expressed pluripotency markers, and demonstrated the ability to differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The "Mendelian code" hypothesis postulates a relationship between Mendelian (monogenic) and common pathologies. In this hypothesis, polymorphisms in the genes of Mendelian diseases may have a significant contribution to predisposition to common diseases in which the same biochemical pathways may be involved. In this review a group of genes encoding various proteins participating in the DNA repair, with a particular focus on the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC), is presented through the prism of the "Mendelian code" hypothesis. Here we discuss (1) their main functions in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (ATM, MRE11, NBN, RAD50, BRCA1, and BLM) and mismatch repair (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2, RF-C, and PCNA); (2) the mitochondrial involvement of these proteins; (3) the involvement of BASC proteins in the development of an adaptive immune response. For 13 out of 16 BASC protein encoding genes, mutations leading to monogenic diseases have already been described; for 11, there are associations with common diseases or individual biological processes. Patients with mutations in the genes of the BASC complex and patients with severe combined immunodeficiency share similar symptoms. Polymorphisms within DNA repair genes may play a role in the development of common diseases through the involvement of the immune response. The pleiotropic effects of these genes suggest their participation in the development of various conditions, both in health and pathology.