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Author(s): Álvaro Menéndez-Aller [sup.1] [sup.2] , Marcelino Cuesta [sup.2] , Álvaro Postigo [sup.2] , Covadonga González-Nuevo [sup.2] , Jaime García-Fernández [sup.2] , Eduardo García-Cueto [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Health Research [...], Acceptance and Commitment Therapy states that Experiential Avoidance contributes to the development of psychological issues. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II measures Experiential Avoidance. The objective of the current study is to perform a validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II in the general Spanish population. A sample of 964 participants from all over Spain was used (M = 43.43 years; SD = 15.27). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined according to Classical Test Theory. In addition, assessments were made of participants' personality, Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety, and Depression, and the influence of sex and age on Experiential Avoidance was examined. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II is a unidimensional instrument, with excellent reliability ([alpha] = .93) and adequate evidence of validity. Differences were observed based on sex, with women scoring higher, and based on age, with lower scores in the older age groups. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II is a valid, reliable instrument for use in the general Spanish population.

Author(s): Álvaro Postigo [sup.1] , Eduardo García-Cueto [sup.1] , José Muñiz [sup.2] , Covadonga González-Nuevo [sup.1] , Marcelino Cuesta [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10863.3c, 0000 0001 2164 6351, Department of [...], The analysis of sociodemographic variables such as age and sex has demonstrated their importance in entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, it is important to study the role these variables play in entrepreneurial personality. The aim of this research was to examine measurement invariance of the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality (BEPE), and to study the differences in entrepreneurial personality as a function of sex, age, and being self-employed or not. The sample comprised 1170 participants (>30 years old: 76.1%; women: 60%; self-employed: 13%). We analyzed various levels of measurement invariance: configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance. The BEPE showed measurement invariance with respect to age, sex and type of employment at all of the invariance levels. We also found differences in entrepreneurial personality as a function of these sociodemographic variables.

It is well evidenced that Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are important mental health determinants, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3) is widely used globally to assess EMS, and has yet to be validated in the Arabic language. The aim of the current study was to validate the Arabic version of the YSQ-S3 in Arabic-speaking young adults from Lebanon. This cross-sectional study was carried out between September and December 2020. A total of 1175 participants was recruited through convenience sampling. The data was collected through an online questionnaire containing the following sections: sociodemographic information about the participants, Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form Version 3 (YSQ-S3), the Lebanese Anxiety Scale (LAS-10), the Beirut Distress Scale (BDS-10) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a reasonable fit to the 5-domain structure of the questionnaire. All scores showed high McDonald's omega values (0.91–0.97). Additionally, all maladaptive domains were significantly and positively correlated with more depression, anxiety and stress, attesting for their concurrent validity. Finally, analyses supported the measurement invariance of the Arabic YSQ-S3, with no difference found between men and women in all domains. The results of the current study suggest that the YSQ-S3 is a valid instrument to assess EMS among the Arabic-speaking population. The validation of the Arabic version of the YSQ-S3 should facilitate the evaluation of EMS for clinicians in their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have questioned whether grit should be conceptualized and measured as a global (i.e., domain‐general) or domain‐specific construct. Although evidence is beginning to appear that grit in educational and sport contexts may be measured as domain‐specific, it has not yet been explored in the organizational context. The objective of this research was to study the psychometric properties of grit as domain‐specific for subsequently analyzing if such domain‐specific grit (labor grit) improves the predictive validity of different organizational results. A sample of 326 active workers was used (Myears = 37.52; SD = 9.85). Their grit levels in the general domain and specific domain were evaluated, as well as their main personality traits and other organizational results such as work engagement and work performance. The grit instrument as domain‐specific showed excellent reliability (ω = 0.92), and the unidimensionality of the instrument was confirmed. The results point to the fact that giving an organizational connotation to the grit items does not improve the predictability of the results. However, labor grit adds incremental validity over personality traits and work engagement to predict task and contextual performance (Δr2 = 0.13), but not to predict counterproductive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skills encompass a broad range of interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities that are crucial for establishing and maintaining relationships, managing emotions, setting and pursuing goals, and exploring new learning opportunities. To address the lack of consensus regarding terminology, definition, and assessment of SEB skills, Soto et al. developed the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI), which consists of 192 items, 32 facets, and 5 domains. The objective of the current study was to adapt the BESSI to Spanish (referred to as BESSI-Sp) and enhance the overall understanding of the BESSI framework. A sample of 303 people was employed with a mean age of 30.35 years (SD = 14.73), ranging from 18 to 85 years. The results indicate that the BESSI-Sp demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Its facet- and domain-level structure aligns with the theoretical expectations and closely resembles the English-language source version. The facets exhibit high reliability (mean ω =.89), and the scores demonstrate adequate stability after 3 to 4 weeks (mean rICC =.77). The BESSI-Sp also displays evidence of convergent validity and integrates well with the Big Five framework, providing incremental validity for various outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for the assessment of SEB skills and future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traits of the dark triad (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) capture the individual differences in the aversive personality. The dark triad has shown significant relations with behaviors that affect people's lives. One of the best-known instruments to assess the dark triad is the Dirty Dozen. However, controversy continues over the use of one general dark triad score or, conversely, three different scores. This study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Dirty Dozen across eight global regions. There were 11,477 participants in 49 countries grouped into eight regions. Different factor structures were studied using confirmatory factor analyses. Both the three-dimensional models and the bifactor models (symmetrical or traditional and non-symmetrical or bifactor-[S – 1]) showed a good fit to the data. The bifactor-(S – 1) models (with psychopathy or Machiavellianism as the reference factors) show adequate fit to the data, supported by the coherence of the factorial loadings and the bifactor indices. Regarding measurement invariance for both models, configural, metric, and scalar invariance were satisfied. The results indicate that it is not clear whether a psychopathy or Machiavellianism reference factor predominates in the Dirty Dozen. For both models, templates are provided to obtain standardized scores for applied researchers in the eight studied world regions until future studies offer a greater amount of validity evidence for this instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite problematic internet use being especially high among adolescents, there are no screening instruments in Spain specifically for adolescents that would facilitate early detection of this problem. The main goal of this study was to validate the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) in the adolescent Spanish population as well as to analyze the discriminative capacity of CIUS based on sociodemographic characteristics, grade point average, and other addictive behaviors. Data were obtained from the ESTUDES, a representative survey of addictive behaviors of Spanish adolescents. The sample consisted of a total of 34,308 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years old (M age = 15.70; SD = 1.19; 51.7% females). Results indicated that the CIUS fit a unidimensional structure, exhibited measurement invariance with respect to sex and age, and demonstrated excellent reliability (ω =.94). Past-month tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use, as well as past-year gambling and gaming, were related to CIUS scores. A standardized screening instrument that provides valid, reliable information on young people's use of the Internet in Spain is a critical requirement for successful early detection and intervention in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When one-way ANOVA is statistically significant, a multiple comparison problem arises, hence post-hoc tests are needed to elucidate between which groups significant differences are found. Different post-hoc tests have been proposed for each situation regarding heteroscedasticity and sample size groups. This study aims to compare the Type I error (α) rate of 10 post-hoc tests in four different conditions based on heteroscedasticity and balance between-group sample size. A Montecarlo simulation study was carried out on a total of 28 data sets, with 10,000 resamples in each, distributed through four conditions. One-way ANOVA tests and post-hoc tests were conducted to estimate the α rate at a 95% confidence level. The percentage of times the null hypothesis was falsely refused is used to compare the tests. Three out of four conditions demonstrated considerable variability among sample sizes. However, the best post-hoc test in the second condition (heteroscedastic and balance group) did not depend on simple size. In some cases, inappropriate post-hoc tests were more accurate. Homoscedasticity and balance between-group sample size should be considered for appropriate post-hoc test selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim and Objectives: To evaluate changes in compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), compassion satisfaction (CS) and fear of COVID‐19 among Spanish nurses by comparing two assessment points: before and after the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign. Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has produced a great impact in healthcare worker's professional quality of life, especially among nurses. CF, BO and fear of COVID‐19 decisively affect the care provided by nurses and put them at risk for mental health problems, so longitudinal studies are essential. Design: A repeated cross‐sectional design was carried out with a time‐lapse of 12 months. Methods: A total of 439 registered nurses in December 2020 and 410 in December 2021 participated in this study through an online survey. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. Occupational and sociodemographic variables were also analysed. This article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of observational studies. Results: The fear of COVID‐19 has not been reduced among nurses. The levels of BO remain stable and continue to be high in half of the professionals. CF has been reduced with a small effect size (d = 0.30), while CS has also decreased (d = 0.30). Positive correlations were found in both assessment points between fear of COVID‐19 and BO (r =.44, p ≤.001; r =.41, p ≤.001) and also between fear of COVID and CF (r =.57, p ≤.001; r =.50, p ≤.001). Negative correlations between fear and CS were also found (r = −.16, p =.001; r = −.22, p ≤.001). Relevance to Clinical Practice: Programmes to reduce fear of COVID‐19, BO and CF are needed to improve mental health and to prevent psychological distress among nurses, as well as to increase CS and preserve the productivity and quality of nursing care. Patient or Public Contribution: The nurses collaborated by participating in the present study anonymously and disinterestedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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