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Mirages of contours had characterised biblical scholarship on the texts of the New Testament in modern time across the globe. This had led assailant in form of cynics who, out of sheer ignorance, question the inerrancy as well as the authority of the text of the scriptures of the New Testament. Whatever happened to the texts of the scriptures; and to what extent had certain biblical scholars delved in to resolving the puzzle had become a case in point to ponder across strata of academic enquiry. This paper investigates these quests with special emphasis on two astute New Testament scholars like Westcott and Hort, probing into their resonance in biblical as well as textual criticism in New Testament Scholarship. The study through socio-scientific criticism driven by socio-historical antecedents surrounding West-Hort’s Text of Greek New testament their contribution in biblical scholarship examined and presents the positional truth behind what biblical scholars do. The study deciphers that i) biblical scholarship is beyond what is assumed by lay readers of the New Testament; ii) that approaches to biblical scholarship is scientific with the employment of textual/ critical apparatus unlike the natural , behavioural , social and physical sciences. iii) that the New Testament as a core branch of biblical studies is a very interesting field in religious studies, as well as biblical scholarship meant for great minds; and iv) that Westcott and Hort in their ingenuity had not done it all given emerging postmodern challenges. This piece of treatise would definitely sound as apogee for critical resonance to students of New Testament as well as biblical studies as a discipline.

This article is about the postmodern literary techniques. Postmodernist do not restrict their selves on one topic and one technique. Rakh is a famous Urdu novel written by a prominent novelist Mustansir Hussain Tarar. Various postmodern techniques have been used in the novel. The use of these techniques in Rakh is discussed in this article. Firstly, introduction of these techniques is given, then the uses of the techniques used in the novel are also discussed in this research article. Post-modernists maximize the number of techniques in their works while the classics used a few techniques only. Faction, Magicalrealism, Pastiche, Intertextuality, Irony, Fragmentation, Metafiction, Paranoia and Time detortion are mostly used techniques in post-modern fiction. All these techniques are also used in the novel. The application of above mentioned techniques in Rakh are analyzed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined six philosophical paradigms, namely positivism, interpretivism, post-positivism, pragmatism, post modernism and critical realism. The paradigms serve as the bases for knowledge management research and practice. Basing on a critical review of literature and drawing from tacit insights, the paper reveals that positivist managers and researchers tend to focus on explicit knowledge while paying little attention to tacit knowledge. In the same vein, interpretivists focus on tacit knowledge while ignoring explicit knowledge. Even when the post-positivist ontology provides useful insights, many managers and researchers may lack adequate skills to apply such insights in theory and practice. Pragmatism focuses on actions that possess instrumental value, yet there is a tendency to focus on personal value rather than organisational value. Postmodernism highlights the central nature of power structures and power struggle all of which tend to affect knowledge management practices. Critical realism prioritises tacit knowledge as the main source of competitiveness, yet tacit knowledge is insufficient on its own. The paper contributes to the understanding and debate of knowledge management research and practice.

The aim of this study is to understand how the frequency of attendance at outdoor exercise gyms by elderly people shapes their consumption practices and reinvents their daily lives. As a theoretical support, we adopted an interdisciplinary approach between postmodernism and consumer culture studies using Michel de Certeau’s theory of everyday practices. Data for this qualitative study was collected through participant observation and interviews with elderly people who attended an outdoor exercise gym. Analysis followed the concept of interpretative research for organizing and categorizing information. The frequency of attendance at outdoor exercise gyms was shown to be a starting point for the reinvention of the daily life of elderly people. This reinvention of everyday life comes from new consumption practices that emerge by means of a new dynamic in their lives. Finally, we present a new possibility of theoretical investigation in consumer studies related to consumption practices.

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Languages & Literature / Magallat Gami'at Al-Anbar Li-Lugat Wa-al-Adabl is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to understand how the frequency of attendance at outdoor exercise gyms by elderly people shapes their consumption practices and reinvents their daily lives. As a theoretical support, we adopted an interdisciplinary approach between postmodernism and consumer culture studies using Michel de Certeau's theory of everyday practices. Data for this qualitative study was collected through participant observation and interviews with elderly people who attended an outdoor exercise gym. Analysis followed the concept of interpretative research for organizing and categorizing information. The frequency of attendance at outdoor exercise gyms was shown to be a starting point for the reinvention of the daily life of elderly people. This reinvention of everyday life comes from new consumption practices that emerge by means of a new dynamic in their lives. Finally, we present a new possibility of theoretical investigation in consumer studies related to consumption practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

He draws attention to the way that the consensus politics of the post-Second World War period ended with the triumph of neoliberalism, notably through the reigns of Margaret Thatcher in the UK and Ronald Reagan in the US which represented a reassertion of the power of capital in the global political economy. When this sort of meta-theory is located within the political system of liberal democracy it tends also to validate, within its perspective, that very system of liberal democracy within which it finds itself at home. Developments in the 1960s of Black Power in the US and to a lesser extent in the UK, along with Black Consciousness in South Africa, failed entirely to register either with the psychoanalytic or the group analytic discourse. We have to consider our own social unconscious: that is our social unconscious as Europeans, as group analysts and thereby members of a predominantly white European discourse, and as participants and believers in something called "democracy" as it has been defined by "liberal democracy". [Extracted from the article]

Extant research findings confirm the conjecture that Muslims in Malaysia in general are very concerned with the surge of globalization, fearing that Islamic values stand to be diluted with non-Islamic influences as a result of this. However, a more careful analysis suggests that globalization is merely a by-product of a more dominant notion and philosophy known as post-modernism. This indicates that postmodernism is the hub of globalization through which its ideologies and cultures are formed. It is also worth noting that post-modernism has also given birth to the latest model of secularism. Therefore, post-modernism, whether in the form of globalization or current version of secularism, is Islam's great enemy as it brings about values, beliefs and lifestyles that completely contradict Islamic teachings. As such, in the context of Muslims in Malaysia today, despite the proliferation of teachings of Islamic values at various levels, both formally and informally, there is still a clear indication that many are still trapped within the ideals of post-modernism. This manifests in the form of serious moral crime, strong beliefs in liberalism and religious pluralism, liberal ethics that champion feminism and homosexuality as well as the lack of respect towards traditional authority. This suggests that Islamic education in Malaysia in its current form is not able to counter the threats of post-modern thinking. Therefore, a new approach in teaching Islamic values must be sought, and in this context, presented from the viewpoint and approaches of sufism and sufi’s order.

This paper entitled "postmodernism in international relations" examines the epistemological and ontological development of the theory taking into consideration that the term has already constituted an international relations discourse after the second world war in Europe and that recognition and injection of the theory into international relations was done in 1980. The evolution and emergence of postmodernism as a social theory will be discussed, basic assumptions, contributions and criticisms of the postmodernism will be discussed and analyzed. Related academic books and journals on postmodernism will be used as a reference in gathering literature to analyses the concept in a broader meaning. The paper argued that postmodernism in international relations is a radical departure or break away from modernism way of thinking to postmodernism characterized by the new and complex articulation of world conditions and issues within the context of interpretative and internationalized informed by postmodern preoccupations of new philosophy and ideas based on the relative objective reality of human conditions. The paper concluded that postmodernism is a reaction from modernity to post modernity for their inability and failure to interpret world events based on objective reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native American literature is the oldest literary tradition on the American continent and the last one to be recognized by the mainstream American academia. It is only in literature Native American cultures survive. NativeAmerican novelists have been dealing with the contemporary tribal reality representing it in art and literature. Leslie Marmon Silko's use of traditional Laguna Pueblo stories makes it a tool for cultural transmission and reclamation. Thereby, she distinguishes the Native American culture, from the "other." Postmodernism celebrates the idea of the coexistence of diverse cultures in the world. These characteristics with the post-modern techniques used by Silko makes her novel postmodern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haruki Murakami is one of the greatest exponents of magical realism in the contemporary literary world. He weaves stories of common people and presents these stories through the prism of magic realism. Their struggles become manifestations of deeper existential crisis. The solution is often to be found in the labyrinthine of fluid time and space. In Kafka on the Shore, Fifteen years old Kafka Tamura runs away from home to avoid the terrible oedipal curse put on him by his father. His story runs parallel to the story of an old man Nakata. Kafka's quest takes him into other realm, realms opened for him by Nakata and his companion Hoshino. Oshima, a transgender receptionist at a private library, acts as saarathi- the guide for Kafka. Kafka's journey into the labyrinthine of the forest to find his answers ends with his decision to come back to the world he had left behind. One aspect of Kafka's journey is the age old struggle between free will and fate. In the background of this search for finding meaning in life, there is critique against war and violence. Kafka's anger, void, insecurities along with fragmented narrative and emphasis on memories make this a typical postmodernist novel. This paper begins with a brief synopsis of the novel, an introduction of the major characters. The first section focuses on the theme of war and inherent violence. Second section discusses magic realism in the novel. The last section deals with the concept of reality seen through the Vedantic view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Greater support is required in health promotion for practitioners to adopt critical approaches to their practice. Despite recognition of the role that critical reflection can play in supporting critical practice, it is underdeveloped in health promotion. This pilot study aimed to explore the use of critical reflection with health promotion practitioners. Critical postmodernism provided the theoretical perspective and critical reflection methodology guided the study. The data collection method involved the application of a critical reflection model via in-depth semi-structured interviews with two health promotion practitioners who were recruited using purposive sampling. Critical postmodernism and critical health promotion values and principles were the thematic frameworks used to analyse the data. Four types of assumptions were identified across both participants’ narratives: binary opposites and dichotomous thinking; identity and othering; professionalism; and power. Two key themes that evidenced these assumptions were conceptualising power as a commodity, and identity in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context. Both traditional and critical health promotion practice approaches were evident in participants’ practice. The process of engaging in critical reflection resulted in positive outcomes for the practitioners, including the identification of new, more critical ways of practising. Critical reflection provides a process for developing critical health promotion practice. The designation of critical reflection as a core health promotion competency may enhance the development of critical health promotion. Further research is needed to develop and test a critical reflection model incorporating the values and principles of health promotion with a larger sample of practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Research Institute / Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Arastirmalari Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extant research findings confirm the conjecture that Muslims in Malaysia in general are very concerned with the surge of globalization, fearing that Islamic values stand to be diluted with non-Islamic influences as a result of this. However, a more careful analysis suggests that globalization is merely a by-product of a more dominant notion and philosophy known as post-modernism. This indicates that postmodernism is the hub of globalization through which its ideologies and cultures are formed. It is also worth noting that post-modernism has also given birth to the latest model of secularism. Therefore, post-modernism, whether in the form of globalization or current version of secularism, is Islam's great enemy as it brings about values, beliefs and lifestyles that completely contradict Islamic teachings. As such, in the context of Muslims in Malaysia today, despite the proliferation of teachings of Islamic values at various levels, both formally and informally, there is still a clear indication that many are still trapped within the ideals of post-modernism. This manifests in the form of serious moral crime, strong beliefs in liberalism and religious pluralism, liberal ethics that champion feminism and homosexuality as well as the lack of respect towards traditional authority. This suggests that Islamic education in Malaysia in its current form is not able to counter the threats of post-modern thinking. Therefore, a new approach in teaching Islamic values must be sought, and in this context, presented from the viewpoint and approaches of sufism and sufi's order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at shedding light on the concept of postmodernism, and its implications in the TESOL. Postmodern philosophy as a prevalent concept and a hot buzzword in philosophy, science, and art is believed to have influenced the TESOL theoretically in some ways. The elements of postmodernism including: constructivism, subjectivism, relativism, localism, and pragmatism are found to have been applied in the TESOL to the concept of the demise of the methods, more focus on styles, strategies, and multiple intelligences, chaos/complexity theory and critical theories. But in practice, in developing countries the TESOL still lives in the modern era.

This paper reviews modification in curriculum in post modernism,era emphasizing The post modern philosophy, and the curriculum arising from this viewpoint. The results suggest that modification either in the curriculum or in the administration, or school-oriented programs and shared programs might not be able to produce essential and effective changes, if they are issued only from post modernist thought. Many of such modification and the ones, which have been passed from modernism to post modernism, can not respond to the real needs of the learners. Post modernism its self reflective theorizing might be able to challenge with the current curriculum, and with its emphasis on variable disciplines and using new technologies might be able to respond to the needs of learners in our time.

In this article, with reference to the comparison of the two contradictory features of the characters of the post- modern stories, attempts have been made to find the root of this contradiction in a social context. In post- mod- ern stories , the characters are unruly and nosey (based on the terminology of story writing ). These characters have authority over their own fates as well as events of the story, and at times change the story line despite the author’s desire. However, this contradicts with the other features of these characters, such as their lack of identity or multiple identities. The article concludes that such inconsistency is the result of the conflicts between post-modernity and post- modernism. The characters rebellion is a reflec- tion of today’s human desire to fight against the lack of identity which is imposed by post-modernity. Ironically, this struggle is caused by word- made characters that along with the world of story form the reality.

Following the architectural guidelines of the socialist countries, the architecture of North Korea has been formally classified either as architecture of socialist realism or of socialist modernism, with the particularity of the two formal systems coexisting over the years in response to the official ideological discourse. Studies of socialist architecture have rarely included postmodernism until the fall of the Berlin Wall, identifying the appearance of the neo-historicist or technologically inspired forms with the restoration of capitalism, as an opposition to reduced forms (colours and materials) of socialist modernism. In this sense, the architecture of North Korea produced after 1989 -- i.e. since the construction related with the 13th World Festival of Youth and Students in Pyongyang -- remains in a kind of conceptual limbo: still maintaining the socialist character as well as carefully chosen historicist references according to the prescriptions of the Juche theory. Postmodernism appears in Western architecture starting from the 1970s, claiming historical references and the expression of relationship between the building and its physical and social context. However, the use of these references is rational and depends on a specific narrative; therefore the theorist Robert Venturi introduces concepts like "irony" or "double meaning" in the analyses of architectural works (Venturi et al 1972). The connecting line between socialist realism (as defined by Boris Groys, 1992) and postmodernism refers to this rational and industrial use of traditional forms, traced by Romanian historian and theorist of architecture Augustin Ioan (1999) and more recently by Rem Koolhaas in one of his lectures on Russian architecture (2014). The article investigates the post-modern nature of North Korean architecture of the last twenty-five years and relates it to similar examples from Russia, China, and the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan where the newly built capital cities have followed the representative trend of Pyongyang.

With the transition from modernism to postmodernism, identity as a concept has started to become redefined in sociology literature. The aim of this study is to show that postmodernism and symbolic interactionism are fused together to delineate both the scene as well as an actor's identity. In that way, the interaction of a social structure with a culture that won't be completely ignored, and, with the opinion that the categorized roles can skillfully be shaped and diversified by actors, it is possible to refrain from a pure determinism. But the transformation to enter different roles lacks meaning. Individuals pay more attention to their appearance more than who they are in order to be accepted by each group. In this manner, a metaphysical shell game begins. In the following study, the "Social Appearance Anxiety" was used as an indicator of this game. And to determine who is willing to play the game, cultural parameters were utilized. This study was based on the analysis of the data collected through two questionnaires given to 181 students studying at Hitit University. The INDCOL questionnaire [Singelis et al., 1995] measuring cultural values and "Social Appearance Anxiety" scale developed by [Hart, 2008] were used in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]