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2. Colchicine in Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease in Relation to Prior Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Nidorf, S.M., Xu, X.F., Ireland, M.A., Latchem, D., Whelan, A., Hendriks, R., Salkani, P., Tan, I.W., Thompson, A.G., Morton, A.M., Hockings, B.E., Thompson, P.L., King, B., Cornel, J.H., Bakker-Lohmeijer, H., Mosterd, A., Bunschoten, P., The, S.H.K., van der Kooi, S., Lenderink, T., Lardinois, R.G.J.L., Hoogslag, P.A.M., de Vos, A., Jerzewski, A., Jansen, S., Nierop, P.R., van der Knaap, M., Swart, H.P., Kingma, R., Schaap, J., Blom, L.B., Kuijper, A.F.M., Bayraktar-Verver, E., van Hessen, M.W.J., Engelen, W.C.T.C., van Eck, J.W.M., van der Ven-Elzebroek, N., van Hal, J.M.C., Drost, I.M.J., den Hartog, F.R., van Wijk, D., van Beek, E., van der Horst, C., Bartels, G.L., Hendriks, M., de Nooijer, C., Welten, C., Ronner, E., Dijkshoorn, A., Prins, F.J., Rutten, R.N.A., Beele, D.P.W., Hendriks, I., van der Sluis, A., Badings, E.A., Westendorp, I.C.D., Melein, A., Römer, Tj.J., Bruines, P., van de Wal, R., Leenders - van Lieshout, I., Hemels, M.E.W., Meinen-Werner, K., de Groot, M.R., Post, G., Mulder, M.W.C., Stuij, S., van Nes, E., Luyten, P., Plomp, J., Veldmeijer, S.V., Asselman, M.J., Scholtus, P.A., Opstal, Tjerk S.J., Fiolet, Aernoud T.L., van Broekhoven, Amber, Mosterd, Arend, Eikelboom, John W., Nidorf, Stefan M., Thompson, Peter L., Duyvendak, Michiel, van Eck, J.W. Martijn, van Beek, Eugène A., den Hartog, Frank, Budgeon, Charley A., Bax, Willem A., Tijssen, Jan G.P., El Messaoudi, Saloua, and Cornel, Jan H.

Published
2021
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3. Differential Calculi of Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt type on Universal Enveloping Algebras

Author

Martini, R., Post, G. F., and Kersten, P. H. M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Quantum Algebra
Abstract

Differential calculi of Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt type on universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras g are defined. This definition turns out to be independent of the basis chosen in g. The role of automorphisms of g is explained. It is proved that no differential calculus of Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt type exists on semi-simple Lie algebras. Examples are given, namely gl_n, Abelian Lie algebras, the Heisenberg algebra, the Witt and the Virasoro algebra. Completely treated are the 2-dimensional solvable Lie algebra, and the 3-dimensional Heisenberg algebra., Comment: 11 pages, latex, no figures. \goth replaced by \frak

Published
1995

5. The value of student attendance at face-to-face classes, as part of a blended learning experience

Author

Charlotte Clark and Post, G.

Abstract

eLearning can create more flexibility for students; more efficiently utilise infrastructure; and can provide high-quality learning at scale. We have investigated perceived value and learning gains associated with online (eLearning) and face-to-face (f2f) components of a blended learning experience. We hypothesised that individual student preference for eLearning and f2f learning would be variable but that participation in f2f learning opportunities would enhance student learning. Using a design-based research approach, we have evaluated blended learning with interactive eLearning materials, and a collaborative, active f2f class. We have combined qualitative evaluation survey data and quantitative f2f attendance data and student grades. Students overwhelmingly value active learning, both within eLearning materials and f2f classes. Final marks positively correlate with the number of f2f classes students attend. Analysis of a subset of intended learning outcomes (ILOs) shows that students who access the eLearning materials independently and students who attend the f2f class perform equally-well in ILO-related assessment tasks; however, students are more likely to choose an assessment task directly-related to a class they have attended. We suggest that attendance at f2f classes as part of a blended learning experience is beneficial however students can sufficiently obtain selected ILOs from engaging eLearning materials.

Published
2022

6. Joachimsthal: Familie en firma 1823-1945

Author

Wallet, B., Joachimsthal, T., Post, G., and ASH (FGw)

Abstract

Joachimsthal was een van de bekenste Joodse boekhandels, uitgevers en drukkers van Amsterdam, gevestigd in het hart van de Jodenbuurt. In dit boek wordt voor het eerst het verhaal van Joachimsthal gebracht, met daarbij oog voor de familie achter het bedrijf en voor de vernieuwende, vaak verrassende productie. Wat was het geheim van Joachimsthal? Hoe kon dit bedrijf, in 1823 gestart door Duits-Joodse immigranten, zo snel zo’n centrale plaats krijgen in Joods Nederland en hoe verwierven ze in 1891 de voornaamste plek in de Joodse publieke sfeer? Het boek bevat meer dan 20 verdiepende vensters waarin de cultuurhistorische betekenis van het bedrijf wordt beschreven. Daarin is onder meer aandacht voor vroomheid en mystiek, gebedenboeken en politieke pamfletten, Joodse Oranjeliefde en antifascisme, vormgeving en kunst, Joodse communicatie netwerken en verhouding tot de niet-joodse samenleving, zionisme en antizionisme.

Published
2023

8. Les échelles anticholinergiques : usage en psychiatrie et mise à jour de l’échelle d’imprégnation anticholinergique

Author

Javelot, H., primary, Meyer, G., additional, Becker, G., additional, Post, G., additional, Runge, V., additional, Pospieszynski, P., additional, Schneiderlin, T., additional, Armand-Branger, S., additional, Michel, B., additional, Weiner, L., additional, Faria, C.G.F., additional, Drapier, D., additional, Fakra, E., additional, Fossati, P., additional, Haffen, E., additional, Yrondi, A., additional, and Hingray, C., additional

Published
2022
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12. Rad52 mediates class-switch DNA recombination to IgD

Author

Zhou H, Xu Y, Post G, Paolo Casali, and Hong Zan

Subjects
Ku70, biology, DNA repair, RAD52, Synapsis, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Immunoglobulin D, Cell biology, law.invention, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), Transcription (biology), law, biology.protein, Recombinant DNA, Homologous recombination
Abstract

While the biology of IgD begins to be better understood, the mechanism of expression of this phylogenetically old and highly conserved Ig remains unknown. In B cells, IgD is expressed together with IgM as transmembrane receptor for antigen through alternative splicing of long primaryVHDJH-Cμ-s-m-Cδ-s-mRNAs, which also underpin secreted (s)IgD. IgD is also expressed through class switch DNA recombination (CSR), as initiated by AID-mediated double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) in Sμ and σδ, and resolution of such DSBs by a still unknown mechanism. This synapses Sμ with σδ region DSB resected ends leading to insertion of extensive S-S junction microhomologies, unlike Ku70/Ku86-dependent NHEJ which resolves DSB blunt ends in CSR to IgG, IgA and IgE with little or no microhomologies. Our previous demonstration of a novel role of Rad52 in a Ku70/Ku86-independent “short-range” microhomology-mediated synapsis of intra-Sμ region DSBs led us to hypothesize that this homologous recombination DNA annealing factor is also involved in short-range microhomology-mediated alternative endjoining (A-EJ) recombination of Sμ with σδ. We found that induction of IgD CSR by selected stimuli downregulated Zfp318 (the suppressor ofCμ-s-mtranscription termination), promoted Rad52 phosphorylation and Rad52 recruitment to Sμ and σδ, leading to Sμ-σδ recombination with extensive microhomologies,VHDJH-Cδstranscription and sustained IgD secretion. Rad52 ablation in mouseRad52−/−B cells aborted IgD CSRin vitroandin vivoand dampened the specific IgD antibody response to OVA. Further, Rad52 knockdown in human B cells virtually abrogated IgD CSR. Finally, Rad52 phosphorylation was associated with high levels of IgD CSR and anti-nuclear IgD autoantibodies in lupus-prone mice and lupus patients. Thus, Rad52 effects CSR to IgD through microhomology-mediated A-EJ and in concert with Zfp318 modulation. This is a previously unrecognized, critical and dedicated role of Rad52 in mammalian DNA repair that provides a mechanistic underpinning to CSR A-EJ.

Published
2021

15. Colchicine in Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease in Relation to Prior Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Opstal, Tjerk S.J., primary, Fiolet, Aernoud T.L., additional, van Broekhoven, Amber, additional, Mosterd, Arend, additional, Eikelboom, John W., additional, Nidorf, Stefan M., additional, Thompson, Peter L., additional, Duyvendak, Michiel, additional, van Eck, J.W. Martijn, additional, van Beek, Eugène A., additional, den Hartog, Frank, additional, Budgeon, Charley A., additional, Bax, Willem A., additional, Tijssen, Jan G.P., additional, El Messaoudi, Saloua, additional, Cornel, Jan H., additional, Nidorf, S.M., additional, Xu, X.F., additional, Ireland, M.A., additional, Latchem, D., additional, Whelan, A., additional, Hendriks, R., additional, Salkani, P., additional, Tan, I.W., additional, Thompson, A.G., additional, Morton, A.M., additional, Hockings, B.E., additional, Thompson, P.L., additional, King, B., additional, Cornel, J.H., additional, Bakker-Lohmeijer, H., additional, Mosterd, A., additional, Bunschoten, P., additional, The, S.H.K., additional, van der Kooi, S., additional, Lenderink, T., additional, Lardinois, R.G.J.L., additional, Hoogslag, P.A.M., additional, de Vos, A., additional, Jerzewski, A., additional, Jansen, S., additional, Nierop, P.R., additional, van der Knaap, M., additional, Swart, H.P., additional, Kingma, R., additional, Schaap, J., additional, Blom, L.B., additional, Kuijper, A.F.M., additional, Bayraktar-Verver, E., additional, van Hessen, M.W.J., additional, Engelen, W.C.T.C., additional, van Eck, J.W.M., additional, van der Ven-Elzebroek, N., additional, van Hal, J.M.C., additional, Drost, I.M.J., additional, den Hartog, F.R., additional, van Wijk, D., additional, van Beek, E., additional, van der Horst, C., additional, Bartels, G.L., additional, Hendriks, M., additional, de Nooijer, C., additional, Welten, C., additional, Ronner, E., additional, Dijkshoorn, A., additional, Prins, F.J., additional, Rutten, R.N.A., additional, Beele, D.P.W., additional, Hendriks, I., additional, van der Sluis, A., additional, Badings, E.A., additional, Westendorp, I.C.D., additional, Melein, A., additional, Römer, Tj.J., additional, Bruines, P., additional, van de Wal, R., additional, Leenders - van Lieshout, I., additional, Hemels, M.E.W., additional, Meinen-Werner, K., additional, de Groot, M.R., additional, Post, G., additional, Mulder, M.W.C., additional, Stuij, S., additional, van Nes, E., additional, Luyten, P., additional, Plomp, J., additional, Veldmeijer, S.V., additional, Asselman, M.J., additional, and Scholtus, P.A., additional

Published
2021
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16. Preparation and synchronous participation improve student performance in a blended learning experience

Author

Clark, CEJ, Post, G, Clark, CEJ, and Post, G

Abstract

Blended learning can create flexibility for students, more efficiently utilise infrastructure, and can provide high-quality learning at scale. We investigated perceived value and learning gains associated with asynchronous eLearning and synchronous face-to-face (f2f) components of a blended learning experience. We hypothesised that individual student preference for eLearning and f2f learning would be variable, but that participation in f2f classes would enhance student learning. Using a design-based research approach, we have evaluated two iterations of a blended learning experience, combining qualitative survey data and quantitative attendance data and student grades. Students overwhelmingly valued active learning, both within eLearning materials and f2f classes. Final marks positively correlated with the number of f2f classes students attended. Analysis of a subset of intended learning outcomes (ILOs) showed that students who accessed eLearning independently and students who attended f2f classes performed equally-well in ILO-related assessment tasks, however, students were more likely to choose an assessment task directly-related to a class they attended. In addition, completion of required eLearning prior to f2f class attendance significantly enhanced student performance in related assessment tasks. We suggest that f2f attendance as part of blended learning is beneficial, however students can obtain selected ILOs from engaging eLearning materials. Implications for practice or policy: Instructors will gain insight into aspects of blended active learning that students value. We present evidence that supports the benefits to students of completion of pre-eLearning prior to participation in synchronous f2f classes.

Published
2021

17. Clinical utility of quantifying hepatitis B surface antigen in African patients with chronic hepatitis B

Author

Post, G, Howell, J, Sow, A, Ndow, G, Chemin, I, Lo, G, Cessay, A, Cohen, D, Njie, R, Toure, S, Diop, M, Sombie, R, Nana, J, Leroy, V, Lacombe, K, Bojang, L, Tacke, F, Toure-Kane, C, Ka, M, Mendy, M, Mboup, S, Thursz, M, Shimakawa, Y, Ingiliz, P, Lemoine, M, Post, G, Howell, J, Sow, A, Ndow, G, Chemin, I, Lo, G, Cessay, A, Cohen, D, Njie, R, Toure, S, Diop, M, Sombie, R, Nana, J, Leroy, V, Lacombe, K, Bojang, L, Tacke, F, Toure-Kane, C, Ka, M, Mendy, M, Mboup, S, Thursz, M, Shimakawa, Y, Ingiliz, P, and Lemoine, M

Abstract

The clinical utility of quantifying hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels in African subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been poorly documented. From a multicentre cohort of 944 HBV-infected African patients, we aimed to assess whether qHBsAg alone can accurately identify i) those in a HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection phase at low risk of liver disease progression and ii) those in need of antiviral therapy according to the 2017 EASL guidelines. We analysed 770 HBV mono-infected treatment-naïve patients, mainly males (61%) from West Africa (92%), median age 35 years (IQR: 30-44), median HBV DNA: 95.6 IU/ml (10.0-1,300.0), median qHBsAg 5,498 IU/ml (1,171-13,000) and HBeAg-pos 38 (5%). A total of 464/770 (60.2%) patients were classified as HBeAg-negative chronic infection (median age 36 years (31-46), median ALT 23 IU/l (18-28), median HBV-DNA 33.5 IU/ml (3.8-154.1), median LSM 4.8 kPa (4.1-5.8)) and qHBsAg levels had poor accuracy to identify these subjects with an AUROC at 0.58 (95%CI: 0.54-0.62), sensitivity 55.0% and specificity 55.6%; 118/770 (15.3%) patients were eligible for treatment according to the 2017 EASL criteria. qHBsAg correlated poorly with HBV DNA and had poor accuracy to select patients for antiviral therapy with an AUROC at 0.54 (0.49-0.60), sensitivity 46.6% and specificity 46.9%. In African treatment-naïve HBV-infected subjects, the clinical utility of qHBsAg to identify subjects in HBeAg-negative infection phase or subjects eligible for antiviral therapy seems futile. Whether qHBsAg levels can be used as a predictor of long-term liver complications in Africa needs to be further investigated.

Published
2021

19. Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: Results of a consensus meeting via the Internet

Author

Argenziano, Giuseppe, Soyer, H.Peter, Chimenti, Sergio, Talamini, Renato, Corona, Rosamaria, Sera, Francesco, Binder, Michael, Cerroni, Lorenzo, De Rosa, Gaetano, Ferrara, Gerardo, Hofmann-Wellenhof, Rainer, Landthaler, Michael, Menzies, Scott W., Pehamberger, Hubert, Piccolo, Domenico, Rabinovitz, Harold S., Schiffner, Roman, Staibano, Stefania, Stolz, Wilhelm, Bartenjev, Igor, Blum, Andreas, Braun, Ralph, Cabo, Horacio, Carli, Paolo, De Giorgi, Vincenzo, Fleming, Matthew G., Grichnik, James M., Grin, Caron M., Halpern, Allan C., Johr, Robert, Katz, Brian, Kenet, Robert O., Kittler, Harald, Kreusch, Jürgen, Malvehy, Josep, Mazzocchetti, Giampiero, Oliviero, Margaret, Özdemir, Fezal, Peris, Ketty, Perotti, Roberto, Perusquia, Ana, Pizzichetta, Maria Antonietta, Puig, Susana, Rao, Babar, Rubegni, Pietro, Saida, Toshiaki, Scalvenzi, Massimiliano, Seidenari, Stefania, Stanganelli, Ignazio, Tanaka, Masaru, Westerhoff, Karin, Wolf, Ingrid H., Braun-Falco, Otto, Kerl, Helmut, Nishikawa, Takeji, Wolff, Klaus, and Kopf, Alfred W.

Published
2003
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25. Assessing esport candidacy for critical thinking education

Author

Post, G, Birt, J, Post, G, and Birt, J

Abstract

Critical thinking in education is mainstream with ever increasing industry support for soft skills and capacity for graduates to solve problems, plan strategy, make decisions and communicate creatively. However, teaching and assessing critical thinking is resource intensive especially when scaling to large remote or online classes. Often, the solutions are bespoke, custom outcomes for a single classroom that are expensive to scale. Commercial computer games and esports may offer a solution. In this paper we aim to define critical thinking in education and how this relates to skills in esports, including decision making, problem solving, making a game plan, developing strategy and communication. To achieve this, we propose a conceptual framework to assess effectiveness of esports in teaching critical thinking using an adapted digital game-based learning framework and the learning goals of critical thinking. We support the framework with an esport case example of Rocket League with a lesson plan.

Published
2020

36. A large-scale North American study of fungal isolates from nails: The frequency of onychomycosis, fungal distribution, and antifungal susceptibility patterns

Author

Ghannoum, M.A., Hajjeh, R.A., Scher, R., Konnikov, N., Gupta, A.K., Summerbell, R., Sullivan, S., Daniel, R., Krusinski, P., Fleckman, P., Rich, P., Odom, R., Aly, R., Pariser, D., Zaiac, M., Rebell, G., Lesher, J., Gerlach, B., Ponce-de-Leon <ce:sup loc='post">b</ce:sup>, G.F., Ghannoum <ce:sup loc='post">a</ce:sup>, A., Warner, J., Isham, N., and Elewski, B.

Published
2000
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38. Identificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hiperhidrosis primaria localizada

Author

Hornberger<ce:sup loc='post">a, b</ce:sup>, John, Grimes<ce:sup loc='post">a</ce:sup>, Kevin, Naumann<ce:sup loc='post">c</ce:sup>, Markus, Glaser<ce:sup loc='post">d</ce:sup>, Dee Anna, Lowe<ce:sup loc='post">e</ce:sup>, Nicholas J, Naver<ce:sup loc='post">f</ce:sup>, Hans, Ahn<ce:sup loc='post">g</ce:sup>, Samuel, and Stolman<ce:sup loc='post">h</ce:sup>, Lewis P

Published
2005
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40. Academic Skills for Interdisciplinary Studies

Author

van der Gaast, K., Koenders, L., Post, G., and Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies

Abstract

What’s a theoretical framework for? How do you effectively present your data in a figure? What’s the secret to a good presentation? As an interdisciplinary student, you delve into theories and research methods from a whole range of disciplines. Academic skills are the tools that you can use to take in, develop, integrate and question knowledge. This guide provides specific instructions, tips and examples to help students develop these skills, both during and after their studies. As academic education focuses on research, the empirical cycle forms a key theme of the book, including when discussing the following skills: - Searching for, critically reading and analysing scholarly texts - Formulating research questions - Making concepts measurable, qualitatively and quantitatively - Organizing literature and data - Analysing and formulating an argument - Academic writing - Collaborating - Reflecting - Presenting

Published
2019

41. Academische vaardigheden voor interdisciplinaire studies

Author

van der Gaast, K., Koenders, L., Post, G., and Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies

Abstract

Waarvoor dient een theoretisch kader? Hoe geef je een grafiek goed weer? Waar moet je aan denken bij een presentatie? Als interdisciplinaire student duik je in de theorieën en onderzoeksmethoden van uiteenlopende disciplines. Academische vaardigheden zijn de gereedschappen die je tijdens en na je universitaire studie kunt inzetten om kennis op te nemen, te ontwikkelen, te integreren en ter discussie te stellen. Dit handboek biedt concrete instructies, tips en voorbeelden om studenten tijdens hun studie en daarna te ondersteunen bij het ontwikkelen van die vaardigheden. Aangezien onderzoek centraal staat in academische vorming, dient de empirische cyclus als rode draad van het boek om onder andere de volgende vaardigheden te bespreken: -Zoeken, kritisch lezen en ontleden van wetenschappelijke teksten -Onderzoeksvraag opstellen -Concepten kwalitatief of kwantitatief meetbaar maken -Ordenen van literatuur en data -Analyseren en opstellen van een argumentatie -Wetenschappelijk schrijven -Samenwerken -Reflecteren -Presenteren

Published
2019

42. Relative validity of 16-year recall of calcium intake by a dairy questionnaire in young Dutch adults

Author

Welten, Desiree C., Kemper, Han C.G., Post, G. Bertheke, and Staveren, Wija A. Van

Subjects
Calcium in the body -- Research, Dairy products -- Physiological aspects, Young adults -- Food and nutrition, Dutch -- Food and nutrition, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Assessing past calcium intake in studies of osteoporosis is of major importance because calcium intake during young adulthood is thought to influence bone mass in later life. However, uncertainty exists about the accuracy of retrospectively reported calcium intake. We therefore evaluated whether a dairy questionnaire estimating calcium intake only from dairy products is a valid method to assess the retrospectively reported calcium intake of 29-year old Dutch males and females 8 and 16 y previously. This was examined in 166 subjects by comparing their original calcium intake reported in 1977 and 1985 by a cross-check dietary history method, with their 1977 and 1985 calcium intake values recalled in 1993 by the dairy questionnaire. The overestimation of the retrospectively reported calcium intake compared with the original intake (11-33%) suggests that the dairy questionnaire is a relatively poor tool to assess the absolute calcium intake of young adults 8 and 16 y ago. Based on the agreement statistics, the dairy questionnaire is a reasonably valid instrument to rank subjects according to their retrospective calcium intake. However, the reporting of the retrospective calcium intake appears to have been influenced by the current calcium intakes reported at the age of 29 y. Nevertheless, the retrospective calcium intake appears to be a better indicator of the original intake than the current intake because the subjects markedly increased their calcium intake over the 16-y period. INDEXING KEY WORDS: calcium intake, dairy questionnaire, relative validity, retrospective study, humans

Published
1996

43. Skin test evaluation of genetically engineered hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1: Results obtained with a mix of two recombinant Bet v 1 fragments and recombinant Bet v 1 trimer in a Swedish population before the birch pollen season

Author

van Hage-Hamsten, Marianne, Kronqvist, Marianne, Zetterström, Olle, Johansson, Eva, Niederberger, Verena, Vrtala, Susanne, Grönlund, Hans, Grönneberg, Reidar, and Valenta, Rudolf

Published
1999
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45. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood

Author

Williams, Hywel, Robertson, Colin, Stewart, Alistair, Aït-Khaled, Nadia, Anabwani, Gabriel, Anderson, Ross, Asher, Innes, Beasley, Richard, Björkstén, Bengt, Burr, Michael, Clayton, Tadd, Crane, Julian, Ellwood, Philippa, Keil, Ulrich, Lai, Chris, Mallol, Javier, Martinez, Fernando, Mitchell, Edwin, Montefort, Stephen, Pearce, Neil, Shah, Jayant, Sibbald, Bonnie, Strachan, David, von Mutius, Erika, and Weiland, Stephan K.

Published
1999
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47. A meta-analysis of the effect of calcium intake on bone mass in young and middle aged females and males

Author

Welten, Desiree C., Kemper, Han C.G., Post, G. Bertheke, and Van Straveren, Wija A.

Subjects
Meta-analysis -- Usage, Calcium -- Health aspects, Bones -- Physiological aspects, Adults -- Food and nutrition, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Evidence of a direct relationship between dietary calcium and bone mass in young adults is inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the existing literature concerning this relation in premenopausal women and adult men between the ages of 18 and 50. A computer-aided search of published papers from 1966 through 1994 was conducted. The quality of each study was assessed by examining the study design. The results of the well-designed studies were combined to obtain quantitative conclusions. A total of 33 eligible studies were identified in the literature, representing 27 cross-sectional studies, two longitudinal and four intervention studies. The results of the cross-sectional studies in premenopausal females showed a significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.13, 95%-confidence interval = 0.09-0.16) as well as partial correlation coefficient (partial r = 0.08, 95%-confidence interval = 0.05-0.12), both weighted by sample size. The intervention studies found that calcium supplementation of [approximately] 1000 mg/d in premenopausal women can prevent the loss of 1% of bone/y at all bone sites except in the ulna. In conclusion, the studies published to date seem to offer overall evidence that calcium intake is positively associated with bone mass in premenopausal females. This association is fairly consistent across the different study designs and is strengthened by the fact that the results are based only on studies with a high methodological quality. In males, too few studies (only three) were published to draw firm conclusions. INDEXING KEY WORDS: * calcium intake * bone mass * premenopausal females * adult males * meta-analysis

Published
1995

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