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2. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2

Author

Dorschel, Boris, Hehemann, Laura, Viquerat, Sacha, Warnke, Fynn, Dreutter, Simon, Tenberge, Yvonne Schulze, Accettella, Daniela, An, Lu, Barrios, Felipe, Bazhenova, Evgenia, Black, Jenny, Bohoyo, Fernando, Davey, Craig, De Santis, Laura, Dotti, Carlota Escutia, Fremand, Alice C, Fretwell, Peter T, Gales, Jenny A, Gao, Jinyao, Gasperini, Luca, Greenbaum, Jamin S, Jencks, Jennifer Henderson, Hogan, Kelly, Hong, Jong Kuk, Jakobsson, Martin, Jensen, Laura, Kool, Johnathan, Larin, Sergei, Larter, Robert D, Leitchenkov, German, Loubrieu, Benoît, Mackay, Kevin, Mayer, Larry, Millan, Romain, Morlighem, Mathieu, Navidad, Francisco, Nitsche, Frank O, Nogi, Yoshifumi, Pertuisot, Cécile, Post, Alexandra L, Pritchard, Hamish D, Purser, Autun, Rebesco, Michele, Rignot, Eric, Roberts, Jason L, Rovere, Marzia, Ryzhov, Ivan, Sauli, Chiara, Schmitt, Thierry, Silvano, Alessandro, Smith, Jodie, Snaith, Helen, Tate, Alex J, Tinto, Kirsty, Vandenbossche, Philippe, Weatherall, Pauline, Wintersteller, Paul, Yang, Chunguo, Zhang, Tao, and Arndt, Jan Erik

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Life Below Water
Abstract

The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and biodiversity. Since 2013, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) has represented the most comprehensive compilation of bathymetry for the Southern Ocean south of 60°S. Recently, the IBCSO Project has combined its efforts with the Nippon Foundation - GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project supporting the goal of mapping the world's oceans by 2030. New datasets initiated a second version of IBCSO (IBCSO v2). This version extends to 50°S (covering approximately 2.4 times the area of seafloor of the previous version) including the gateways of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic circumpolar frontal systems. Due to increased (multibeam) data coverage, IBCSO v2 significantly improves the overall representation of the Southern Ocean seafloor and resolves many submarine landforms in more detail. This makes IBCSO v2 the most authoritative seafloor map of the area south of 50°S.

Published
2022

7. List of contributors

Author

Abernethy, C., primary, Acoba, T., additional, Alvarez, Belinda, additional, Amado Filho, Gilberto M., additional, Amblas, D., additional, Angeletti, Lorenzo, additional, Archer, S.K., additional, Aschoff, John, additional, Auster, Peter J., additional, Avena, Paloma P., additional, Babb, Ivar, additional, Bahia, Ricardo, additional, Baker, Elaine K., additional, Baker, Matthew, additional, Bakkeplass, Kjell, additional, Båmstedt, Ulf, additional, Barrie, J. Vaughn, additional, Barymova, A.A., additional, Bastos, Alex C., additional, Bell, Trevor, additional, Ben, Radford, additional, Boni, Geandré C., additional, Boswarva, K.L., additional, Brandão, Simone Nunes, additional, Brizzolara, Jennifer L., additional, Brown, Craig J., additional, Brown, Tanya M, additional, Budanov, Leonid, additional, Buhl-Mortensen, Lene, additional, Buhl-Mortensen, Pål, additional, Burgos, Julian M., additional, Burke, L.A., additional, Calvert, Jay, additional, Canals, M., additional, Carpenter, Mallory, additional, Carroll, Andrew, additional, Chadi, Deena, additional, Church, Ian, additional, Clark, Malcolm R., additional, Coffin, Millard F., additional, Collin, Antoine, additional, Conlon, Suzanne, additional, Conroy, Christian W., additional, Conway, Kim W., additional, Curtis, Brittany, additional, da Silva, André Giskard Aquino, additional, da Silva, Carla Maria Menegola, additional, da Silva, João Paulo Ferreira, additional, Davies, P., additional, De Lauro, M., additional, de Oliveira, Renato Guimarães, additional, de Oliveira Batista, Diêgo, additional, Desnos, Yves-Louis, additional, Devillers, Rodolphe, additional, Di Stefano, Floriana, additional, Di Stefano, Massimo, additional, Dijkstra, J.A., additional, Dohner, Stephanie M., additional, Domack, Eugene W., additional, Dominguez, José M.L., additional, Dominguez, José Maria Landim, additional, Dove, D., additional, Dunham, A., additional, d’Acremont, Elia, additional, D’Angelo, Silvana, additional, Edinger, Evan, additional, Eichler, P.B., additional, Eichler, Patrícia Pinheiro Beck, additional, Esposito, E., additional, Farias, Carlos, additional, Farrell, Eugene, additional, Fernandez, Rodrigo, additional, Fernández-Salas, Luis M., additional, Ferreira, Beatrice P., additional, Ferreira, Lucas C., additional, Fiorentino, Andrea, additional, Foglini, Federica, additional, Fontes, Vanessa C., additional, Foulsham, E., additional, Fox, C., additional, Fox, Jodi M., additional, Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio, additional, Gábor, Lukáš, additional, Gallardo-Núñez, Marina, additional, Galparsoro, Ibon, additional, Galvez, Daphnie, additional, Gardner, Jonathan, additional, Garmendia, Joxe Mikel, additional, Geange, Shane, additional, Glasby, Chris, additional, Glenner, Henrik, additional, Gomes, M.P., additional, Gomes, Moab Praxedes, additional, Gontz, Allen M., additional, González-Dávila, Melchor, additional, González-Porto, Marcos, additional, Gràcia, Eulàlia, additional, Grande, Valentina, additional, Grasty, Sarah E., additional, Gray, John W., additional, Greene, H. Gary, additional, Grinyó, Jordi, additional, Grüss, A., additional, Guinan, J., additional, Günther, Carmen-Pia, additional, Hanslow, D., additional, Harris, Peter T., additional, Hass, H. Christian, additional, Häussermann, V., additional, Hill, Nicole, additional, Howe, J.A., additional, Howell, Kerry, additional, Ilich, Alex R., additional, Ingleton, T., additional, Isachenko, A.I., additional, Jamieson, Alan J., additional, Jordan, A., additional, Joshi, Siddhi, additional, Kaskela, Anu, additional, Kirchhoff, Stephane, additional, Koetz, Benjamin, additional, Kokorin, A.I., additional, Kotilainen, Aarno, additional, Kozlovskiy, V.V., additional, Kruss, Aleksandra, additional, Kuhn, Thomas, additional, Kung, R., additional, Lacharité, Myriam, additional, Laferriere, Alix, additional, Lafosse, Manfred, additional, Lamarche, Geoffroy, additional, Lapointe, Abby, additional, Laporte, Jean, additional, Lavoie, Caroline, additional, Leahy, Y., additional, Lecours, Vincent, additional, Leite, Marcos Daniel A., additional, Leite, Tatiana Silva, additional, Lemos, Ivan Cardoso, additional, Lettieri, Maria Teresa, additional, Leventer, Amy, additional, Linklater, M., additional, Lo Iacono, Claudio, additional, Longo, G.O., additional, López-González, Nieves, additional, Lozano, Pablo, additional, Lucieer, Vanessa, additional, Lyons, David, additional, Madricardo, Fantina, additional, Maida, Mauro, additional, Malik, M., additional, Martel, André, additional, Martinez Arbizu, Pedro, additional, Martin-Lauzer, François-Régis, additional, Masetti, G., additional, Mata, Dulce, additional, Mayer, Larry Alan, additional, McGonigle, Chris, additional, Mello, K., additional, Melo, Lizandra C., additional, Mikhaylyukova, P.G., additional, Miller, Douglas C., additional, Mokievsky, V.O., additional, Montereale-Gavazzi, Giacomo, additional, Moraes, Fernando C., additional, Moura, Rodrigo L., additional, Muaves, Lara Cristina, additional, Muñoz, Araceli, additional, Murawski, Steven A., additional, Muxika, Iñigo, additional, Naar, David F., additional, Narayanaswamy, B.E., additional, Nascimento Silva, L.L., additional, Neevin, Igor, additional, Neilson, J., additional, Nichol, Scott, additional, Nilsson, Martin, additional, Normandeau, Alexandre, additional, Nunes, Alina S., additional, Obando, R., additional, Óðinsson, Davíð Þór, additional, Ólafsdóttir, Steinunn H., additional, Oliveira, Natacha, additional, Orlova, Marina, additional, O’Brien, P.E., additional, O’Dowd, Leonie, additional, O’Sullivan, D., additional, Pallentin, Arne, additional, Palomino, Desirée, additional, Papenmeier, Svenja, additional, Penna, Shannon, additional, Perea, Hector, additional, Pesch, Roland, additional, Picard, Kim, additional, Pierdomenico, Martina, additional, Post, Alexandra L., additional, Prampolini, Mariacristina, additional, Propp, Claudia, additional, Przeslawski, Rachel, additional, Quaresma, Valéria S., additional, Rabaute, Alain, additional, Rayo, X., additional, Rebouças, Renata C., additional, Repkina, T.Yu., additional, Riddle, M.J., additional, Rodríguez, José Germán, additional, Romero, J., additional, Ross, R., additional, Rovira, D., additional, Rowden, Ashley A., additional, Rueda, José L., additional, Rühlemann, Carsten, additional, Russo, Giovanni Fulvio, additional, Ryabchuk, Daria, additional, Rybalko, A.E., additional, Sacchetti, F., additional, Sameoto, Jessica A., additional, Sánchez-Guillamón, Olga, additional, Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena, additional, Schuchardt, Bastian, additional, Secchin, Nélio, additional, Sergeev, Alexander, additional, Shabalyn, N.V., additional, Shapiro, Aurélie, additional, Shaw, J., additional, Sigovini, Marco, additional, Smith, J., additional, Smith, J.R., additional, Smith, Stephen J., additional, Sotomayor-Garcia, Ana, additional, Sowers, D., additional, Stefaniak, Lauren M., additional, Stewart, Heather A., additional, Stockwell, Caitlin L., additional, Sukhacheva, Leontina, additional, Tappin, David R., additional, Taviani, Marco, additional, Teixeira, Luisa, additional, Terekhina, Ya.E., additional, Todd, Brian J., additional, Tokarev, M.Yu., additional, Toso, Carlotta, additional, Trembanis, Arthur C., additional, Uhlenkott, Katja, additional, Urra, Javier, additional, Varas, Diego, additional, Vázquez, Juan T., additional, Viana, Marina Gomes, additional, Vieira, Laura S., additional, Vila, Yolanda, additional, Vink, Annemiek, additional, Violante, C., additional, Violante, Crescenzo, additional, Viscasillas, Lourdes, additional, Vital, H., additional, Vital, Helenice, additional, Watling, Les, additional, Watson, Sally J., additional, Weijerman, M., additional, Whittaker, Joanne, additional, Ylla, J., additional, Zajac, Roman N., additional, Zeiler, Manfred, additional, and Zhamoida, Vladimir, additional

Published
2020
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8. Melting of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Beryllium Isotope and Grain Size of Marine Sediment Records

Author

Huang, Zihan, primary, Behrens, Bethany, additional, Miyairi, Yosuke, additional, Aze, Takahiro, additional, Obrochta, Stephen P., additional, Takemura, Takato, additional, Kondo, Reisuke, additional, Post, Alexandra L, additional, Armand, Leanne, additional, O'Brien, Philip, additional, Leventer, Amy, additional, and Yokoyama, Yusuke, additional

Published
2023
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10. The Antarctic Seafloor Annotated Imagery Database

Author

Jansen, Jan, primary, Shelamoff, Victor, additional, Gros, Charley, additional, Windsor, Thomas, additional, Hill, Nicole A., additional, Barnes, David K., additional, Bowden, David A., additional, Gutt, Julian, additional, Bax, Narissa, additional, Downey, Rachel, additional, Eléaume, Marc, additional, Post, Alexandra L., additional, Griffiths, Huw, additional, Linse, Katrin, additional, Piepenburg, Dieter, additional, Purser, Autun, additional, Smith, Craig R., additional, Ziegler, Amanda F., additional, and Johnson, Craig R., additional

Published
2023
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11. Early sea ice decline off East Antarctica at the last glacial–interglacial climate transition

Author

Sadatzki, Henrik, Opdyke, Bradley, Menviel, Laurie, Leventer, Amy, Hope, Janet M., Brocks, Jochen J., Fallon, Stewart, Post, Alexandra L., O’brien, Philip E., Grant, Katharine, Armand, Leanne, Sadatzki, Henrik, Opdyke, Bradley, Menviel, Laurie, Leventer, Amy, Hope, Janet M., Brocks, Jochen J., Fallon, Stewart, Post, Alexandra L., O’brien, Philip E., Grant, Katharine, and Armand, Leanne

Abstract

Antarctic climate warming and atmospheric CO 2 rise during the last deglaciation may be attributed in part to sea ice reduction in the Southern Ocean. Yet, glacial–interglacial Antarctic sea ice dynamics and underlying mechanisms are poorly constrained, as robust sea ice proxy evidence is sparse. Here, we present a molecular biomarker-based sea ice record that resolves the spring/summer sea ice variability off East Antarctica during the past 40 thousand years (ka). Our results indicate that substantial sea ice reduction culminated rapidly and contemporaneously with upwelling of carbon-enriched waters in the Southern Ocean at the onset of the last deglaciation but began at least ~2 ka earlier probably driven by an increasing local integrated summer insolation. Our findings suggest that sea ice reduction and associated feedbacks facilitated stratification breakup and outgassing of CO 2 in the Southern Ocean and warming in Antarctica but may also have played a leading role in initializing these deglacial processes in the Southern Hemisphere.

Published
2023
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12. A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

Author

Bentley, Michael J., Ó Cofaigh, Colm, Anderson, John B., Conway, Howard, Davies, Bethan, Graham, Alastair G.C., Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Hodgson, Dominic A., Jamieson, Stewart S.R., Larter, Robert D., Mackintosh, Andrew, Smith, James A., Verleyen, Elie, Ackert, Robert P., Bart, Philip J., Berg, Sonja, Brunstein, Daniel, Canals, Miquel, Colhoun, Eric A., Crosta, Xavier, Dickens, William A., Domack, Eugene, Dowdeswell, Julian A., Dunbar, Robert, Ehrmann, Werner, Evans, Jeffrey, Favier, Vincent, Fink, David, Fogwill, Christopher J., Glasser, Neil F., Gohl, Karsten, Golledge, Nicholas R., Goodwin, Ian, Gore, Damian B., Greenwood, Sarah L., Hall, Brenda L., Hall, Kevin, Hedding, David W., Hein, Andrew S., Hocking, Emma P., Jakobsson, Martin, Johnson, Joanne S., Jomelli, Vincent, Jones, R. Selwyn, Klages, Johann P., Kristoffersen, Yngve, Kuhn, Gerhard, Leventer, Amy, Licht, Kathy, Lilly, Katherine, Lindow, Julia, Livingstone, Stephen J., Massé, Guillaume, McGlone, Matt S., McKay, Robert M., Melles, Martin, Miura, Hideki, Mulvaney, Robert, Nel, Werner, Nitsche, Frank O., O'Brien, Philip E., Post, Alexandra L., Roberts, Stephen J., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patricia M., Simms, Alexander R., Spiegel, Cornelia, Stolldorf, Travis D., Sugden, David E., van der Putten, Nathalie, van Ommen, Tas, Verfaillie, Deborah, Vyverman, Wim, Wagner, Bernd, White, Duanne A., Witus, Alexandra E., and Zwartz, Dan

Published
2014
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13. Retreat history of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum

Author

Mackintosh, Andrew N., Verleyen, Elie, O'Brien, Philip E., White, Duanne A., Jones, R. Selwyn, McKay, Robert, Dunbar, Robert, Gore, Damian B., Fink, David, Post, Alexandra L., Miura, Hideki, Leventer, Amy, Goodwin, Ian, Hodgson, Dominic A., Lilly, Katherine, Crosta, Xavier, Golledge, Nicholas R., Wagner, Bernd, Berg, Sonja, van Ommen, Tas, Zwartz, Dan, Roberts, Stephen J., Vyverman, Wim, and Masse, Guillaume

Published
2014
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14. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2)

Author

Dorschel, Boris, Hehemann, Laura, Viquerat, Sacha, Warnke, Fynn, Dreutter, Simon, Tenberge, Yvonne Schulze, Accetella, Daniela, An, Lu, Barrios, Felipe, Bazhenova, Evgenia, Black, Jenny, Bohoyo, Fernando, Davey, Craig, De Santis, Laura, Dotti, Carlota Escutia, Fremand, Alice C., Fretwell, Peter T., Gales, Jenny A., Gao, Jinyao, Gasperini, Luca, Greenbaum, Jamin S., Henderson Jencks, Jennifer, Hogan, Kelly, Hong, Jong Kuk, Jakobsson, Martin, Jensen, Laura, Kool, Johnathan, Larin, Sergei, Larter, Robert D., Leitchenkov, German, Loubrieu, Benoît, Mackay, Kevin, Mayer, Larry, Millan, Romain, Morlighem, Mathieu, Navidad, Francisco, Nitsche, Frank O., Nogi, Yoshifumi, Pertuisot, Cécile, Post, Alexandra L., Pritchard, Hamish D., Purser, Autun, Rebesco, Michele, Rignot, Eric, Roberts, Jason L., Rovere, Marzia, Ryzhov, Ivan, Sauli, Chiara, Schmitt, Thierry, Silvano, Alessandro, Smith, Jodie, Snaith, Helen, Tate, Alex J., Tinto, Kirsty, Vandenbossche, Philippe, Weatherall, Pauline, Wintersteller, Paul, Yang, Chunguo, Zhang, Tao, and Arndt, Jan Erik

Abstract

The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and biodiversity. Since 2013, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) has represented the most comprehensive compilation of bathymetry for the Southern Ocean south of 60°S. Recently, the IBCSO Project has combined its efforts with the Nippon Foundation – GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project supporting the goal of mapping the world’s oceans by 2030. New datasets initiated a second version of IBCSO (IBCSO v2). This version extends to 50°S (covering approximately 2.4 times the area of seafloor of the previous version) including the gateways of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic circumpolar frontal systems. Due to increased (multibeam) data coverage, IBCSO v2 significantly improves the overall representation of the Southern Ocean seafloor and resolves many submarine landforms in more detail. This makes IBCSO v2 the most authoritative seafloor map of the area south of 50°S.

Published
2022

16. Responses of Southern Ocean Seafloor Habitats and Communities to Global and Local Drivers of Change

Author

Brasier, Madeleine J., primary, Barnes, David, additional, Bax, Narissa, additional, Brandt, Angelika, additional, Christianson, Anne B., additional, Constable, Andrew J., additional, Downey, Rachel, additional, Figuerola, Blanca, additional, Griffiths, Huw, additional, Gutt, Julian, additional, Lockhart, Susanne, additional, Morley, Simon A., additional, Post, Alexandra L., additional, Van de Putte, Anton, additional, Saeedi, Hanieh, additional, Stark, Jonathan S., additional, Sumner, Michael, additional, and Waller, Catherine L., additional

Published
2021
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17. Responses of Southern Ocean seafloor habitats and communities to global and local drivers of change

Author

Brasier, Madeleine J., Barnes, David, Bax, Narissa, Brandt, Angelika, Christianson, Anne B., Constable, Andrew J., Downey, Rachel, Figuerola, Blanca, Griffiths, Huw, Gutt, Julian, Lockhart, Susanne, Morley, Simon A., Post, Alexandra L., Van de Putte, Anton, Saeedi, Hanieh, Stark, Jonathan S., Sumner, Michael, Waller, Catherine L., Brasier, Madeleine J., Barnes, David, Bax, Narissa, Brandt, Angelika, Christianson, Anne B., Constable, Andrew J., Downey, Rachel, Figuerola, Blanca, Griffiths, Huw, Gutt, Julian, Lockhart, Susanne, Morley, Simon A., Post, Alexandra L., Van de Putte, Anton, Saeedi, Hanieh, Stark, Jonathan S., Sumner, Michael, and Waller, Catherine L.

Abstract

Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced data sharing. However, seafloor habitats and their communities exhibit high spatial variability and heterogeneity that challenges the way in which we assess the state of the Southern Ocean benthos on larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich in diversity compared with deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) and provides habitat for commercial fish species. In this paper, we focus on the seafloor habitats of the Antarctic shelf, which are vulnerable to drivers of change including increasing ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, ocean acidification, fishing pressures, pollution and non-indigenous species. Some of the most vulnerable areas include the West Antarctic Peninsula, which is experiencing rapid regional warming and increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands and tourist destinations where human activities and environmental conditions increase the potential for the establishment of non-indigenous species and active fishing areas around South Georgia, Heard and MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable species include those in areas of regional warming with low thermal tolerance, calcifying species susceptible to increasing ocean acidity as well as slow-growing habitat-forming species that can be damaged by fishing gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, and coral species. Management regimes can protect seafloor habitats and key species from fishing activities; some areas will need more protection than others, accounting for specific traits that make species vulnerable, slow growing and long-lived species, restricted locations with optimum physiological conditions and available food, and restricted distributions of rare species. Ecosystem-based management practices and long-term, highly protected areas may be the most effective tool

Published
2021

18. Breaking all the rules: The first recorded hard substrate sessile benthic community far beneath an Antarctic ice shelf

Author

Griffiths, Huw J., Anker, Paul, Linse, Katrin, Maxwell, Jamie, Post, Alexandra L., Stevens, Craig, Tulaczyk, Slawek, Smith, James A., Griffiths, Huw J., Anker, Paul, Linse, Katrin, Maxwell, Jamie, Post, Alexandra L., Stevens, Craig, Tulaczyk, Slawek, and Smith, James A.

Abstract

The seafloor beneath floating ice shelves accounts roughly a third of the Antarctic’s 5 million km2 of continental shelf. Prior to this study, our knowledge of these habitats and the life they support was restricted to what has been observed from eight boreholes drilled for geological and glaciological studies. The established theory of sub-ice shelf biogeography is that both functional and taxonomic diversities decrease along a nutrient gradient with distance from the ice shelf front, resulting in a depauperate fauna, dominated by mobile scavengers and predators toward the grounding line. Mobile macro-benthic life and mega-benthic life have been observed as far as 700 km under an ice shelf. New observations from two boreholes in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf challenge the idea that sessile organisms reduce in prevalence the further under the ice you go. The discovery of an established community consisting of only sessile, probably filter feeding, organisms (sponges and other taxa) on a boulder 260 km from the ice front raises significant questions, especially when the local currents suggest that this community is somewhere between 625 km and 1500 km in the direction of water flow from the nearest region of photosynthesis. This new evidence requires us to rethink our ideas with regard to the diversity of community types found under ice shelves, the key factors which control their distribution and their vulnerability to environmental change and ice shelf collapse.

Published
2021

19. Responses of Southern Ocean Seafloor Habitats and Communities to Global and Local Drivers of Change

Author

Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (Australia), Australian Government, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Belgian Science Policy Office, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Brasier, Madeleine J., Barnes, David K.A., Bax, Narissa, Brandt, Angelika, Christianson, Anne B., Constable, Andrew John, Downey, Rachel, Figuerola, Blanca, Griffiths, Huw J., Gutt, Julian, Lockhart, Susanne, Morley, Simon A., Post, Alexandra L., Van de Putte, Anton, Saeedi, Hanieh, Stark, Jonathan S., Sumner, Michael, Waller, Catherine Louise, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (Australia), Australian Government, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Belgian Science Policy Office, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Brasier, Madeleine J., Barnes, David K.A., Bax, Narissa, Brandt, Angelika, Christianson, Anne B., Constable, Andrew John, Downey, Rachel, Figuerola, Blanca, Griffiths, Huw J., Gutt, Julian, Lockhart, Susanne, Morley, Simon A., Post, Alexandra L., Van de Putte, Anton, Saeedi, Hanieh, Stark, Jonathan S., Sumner, Michael, and Waller, Catherine Louise

Abstract

Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced data sharing. However, seafloor habitats and their communities exhibit high spatial variability and heterogeneity that challenges the way in which we assess the state of the Southern Ocean benthos on larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich in diversity compared with deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) and provides habitat for commercial fish species. In this paper, we focus on the seafloor habitats of the Antarctic shelf, which are vulnerable to drivers of change including increasing ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, ocean acidification, fishing pressures, pollution and non-indigenous species. Some of the most vulnerable areas include the West Antarctic Peninsula, which is experiencing rapid regional warming and increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands and tourist destinations where human activities and environmental conditions increase the potential for the establishment of non-indigenous species and active fishing areas around South Georgia, Heard and MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable species include those in areas of regional warming with low thermal tolerance, calcifying species susceptible to increasing ocean acidity as well as slow-growing habitat-forming species that can be damaged by fishing gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, and coral species. Management regimes can protect seafloor habitats and key species from fishing activities; some areas will need more protection than others, accounting for specific traits that make species vulnerable, slow growing and long-lived species, restricted locations with optimum physiological conditions and available food, and restricted distributions of rare species. Ecosystem-based management practices and long-term, highly protected areas may be the most effective tool

Published
2021

25. Continental slope and rise geomorphology seaward of the Totten Glacier, East Antarctica (112°E-122°E)

Author

Australian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), López-Quiros, Adrián [0000-0002-7522-2834], O'Brien, P. E., Post, Alexandra L., Edwards, S., Martín, T., Caburlotto, Andrea, Donda, F., Leitchenkov, G., Romeo, R., Duffy, Megan, Evangelinos, Dimitris, Holdert, L., Leventer, A., López-Quirós, Adrián, Opdyke, B. N., Armand, L.K., Australian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), López-Quiros, Adrián [0000-0002-7522-2834], O'Brien, P. E., Post, Alexandra L., Edwards, S., Martín, T., Caburlotto, Andrea, Donda, F., Leitchenkov, G., Romeo, R., Duffy, Megan, Evangelinos, Dimitris, Holdert, L., Leventer, A., López-Quirós, Adrián, Opdyke, B. N., and Armand, L.K.

Abstract

The continental slope and rise seaward of the Totten Glacier and the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica features continental margin depositional systems with high sediment input and consistent along-slope current activity. Understanding their genesis is a necessary step in interpreting the paleoenvironmental records they contain. Geomorphic mapping using a systematic multibeam survey shows variations in the roles of downslope and along slope sediment transport influenced by broad-scale topography and oceanography. The study area contains two areas with distinct geomorphology. Canyons in the eastern part of the area have concave thalwegs, are linked to the shelf edge and upper slope and show signs of erosion and deposition along their beds suggesting cycles of activity controlled by climate cycles. Ridges between these canyons are asymmetric with crests close to the west bank of adjacent canyons and are mostly formed by westward advection of fine sediment lofted from turbidity currents and deposition of hemipelagic sediment. They can be thought of as giant levee deposits. The ridges in the western part of the area have more gently sloping eastern flanks and rise to shallower depths than those in the east. The major canyon in the western part of the area is unusual in having a convex thalweg; it is likely fed predominantly by mass movement from the flanks of the adjacent ridges with less sediment input from the shelf edge. The western ridges formed by accretion of suspended sediment moving along the margin as a broad plume in response to local oceanography supplemented with detritus originating from the Totten Glacier. This contrasts with interpretations of similar ridges described from other parts of Antarctica which emphasise sediment input from canyons immediately up-current. The overall geomorphology of the Sabrina Coast slope is part of a continuum of mixed contourite-turbidite systems identified on glaciated margins

Published
2020

28. Contributors

Author

Acosta, Juan, primary, Allee, Rebecca J., additional, Althaus, Franziska, additional, Alvarez, German, additional, Amblas, David, additional, Anderson, Tara J., additional, Archambault, Philippe, additional, Armstrong, Roy A., additional, Bäck, Saara, additional, Baker, Elaine K., additional, Baptist, Martin, additional, Barrett, Neville, additional, Barrie, J. Vaughn, additional, Bartolomé, Rafael, additional, Bashmachnikov, Igor, additional, Bates, Richard, additional, Battershill, Chris, additional, Bax, Nicholas J., additional, Beaman, Robin J., additional, Beaudoin, Yannick C., additional, Bell, Trevor, additional, Bøe, Reidulv, additional, Borja, Ángel, additional, Bowden, David A., additional, Henriques, Andreia Braga, additional, Bridge, Thomas, additional, Brooke, Brendan P., additional, Buhl-Mortensen, Lene, additional, Buhl-Mortensen, Pål, additional, Busquets, Pere, additional, Calafat, Antonio, additional, Campos, Aldino S., additional, Canals, Miquel, additional, Catarino, Diana, additional, Ceri James, J.W., additional, Chiocci, Francesco L., additional, Clark, Malcolm R., additional, Cochran, Susan A., additional, Cochrane, Guy R., additional, Coggan, Roger A., additional, Coiras, Enrique, additional, Colaço, Ana, additional, Collier, Jenny S., additional, Collin, Antoine, additional, Conway, Kim W., additional, Copeland, Alison, additional, Cremer, Jenny, additional, D’Angelo, Silvana, additional, Dankers, Norbert, additional, Darbyshire, Teresa, additional, David, Andrew W., additional, Degraer, Steven, additional, De Mol, Ben, additional, De Mol, Lies, additional, De Santis, Laura, additional, Devillers, Rodolphe, additional, Díaz-del-Río, Víctor, additional, Diesing, Markus, additional, Dijkman, Elze, additional, Dolan, Margaret F.J., additional, Donda, Federica, additional, Done, Terry, additional, Doornenbal, Pieter J., additional, Dorokhov, Dmitry, additional, Dove, Dayton, additional, Du Four, Isabelle, additional, Duran, Ruth, additional, Durán-Muñoz, Pablo, additional, Edinger, Evan, additional, Elvenes, Sigrid, additional, Etherington, Lisa, additional, Ezhova, Elena, additional, Falace, Annalisa, additional, Fenner, Douglas, additional, Fernández-Salas, Luis M., additional, Fiorentino, Andrea, additional, Flemming, Robert, additional, Furey, Thomas, additional, Galparsoro, Ibon, additional, Gary Greene, H., additional, Germán Rodríguez, J., additional, Getsiv-Clemons, Julia E.R., additional, Giacomello, Eva, additional, Gibbs, Ann E., additional, Gili, Josep Maria, additional, Gonçalves, João, additional, Gordini, Emiliano, additional, Gori, Andrea, additional, Gràcia, Eulàlia, additional, Guinan, Janine, additional, Hagan, Annelise B., additional, Hamylton, Sarah, additional, Harney, Jodi, additional, Harris, Peter T., additional, Heap, Andrew D., additional, Heifetz, Jonathan, additional, Henriet, Jean-Pierre, additional, Heyman, William D., additional, Hilário, Ana, additional, Hill, Nicole, additional, Hirsch, Emily R., additional, Hodnesdal, Hanne, additional, Hogrefe, Kyle R., additional, Humber, Stuart R., additional, Huvenne, Veerle A.I., additional, Isidro, Eduardo J., additional, Johnstone, Glenn, additional, Dañobeitia, Juan Jose, additional, Kaleb, Sara, additional, Kaskela, Anu M., additional, Kloser, Rudy J., additional, Kobara, Shinichi, additional, Kocheshkova, Olga, additional, Koppers, Anthony A.P., additional, Kostylev, Vladimir E., additional, Kotilainen, Aarno T., additional, Lamarche, Geoffroy, additional, Lavoie, Caroline, additional, Leahy, Yvonne, additional, LeBlanc, Philippe, additional, Legorburu, Irati, additional, Leinikki, Jouni, additional, Lindenbaum, Charles, additional, Linklater, Michelle, additional, Lo Iacono, Claudio, additional, Long, Bernard, additional, López-González, Nieves, additional, Lucieer, Vanessa, additional, McArthur, Matthew A., additional, Mackay, Kevin, additional, Mackie, Andrew S.Y., additional, Marocco, Ruggero, additional, Martins, Ana, additional, Martorelli, Eleonora, additional, Masson, Douglas G., additional, MacKenzie, Monique, additional, Mendonça, Ana, additional, Menezes, Gui, additional, Fernández-Salas, L. Miguel, additional, Mitchell, Neil C., additional, Mleczko, Richard, additional, Moerkerke, Geert, additional, Morando, Angela, additional, Morato, Telmo, additional, Mountjoy, Joshu, additional, Muñoz, Araceli, additional, Murillo, F. Javier, additional, Muxika, Iñigo, additional, Naar, David F., additional, Nichol, Scott L., additional, Nodder, Scott D., additional, Norcross, Brenda L., additional, O’Brien, Philip E., additional, Orejas, Covadonga, additional, Pallentin, Arne, additional, Pascual, Marta, additional, Pattenden, Abigail D.C., additional, Pearce, Bryony, additional, Picard, Kim, additional, Pinho, Mário R., additional, Pinnion, Jennifer, additional, Pizarro, Oscar, additional, Porteiro, Filipe M., additional, Post, Alexandra L., additional, Puig, Pere, additional, Puotinen, Marji, additional, Rabaut, Marijn, additional, Rees, E.Ivor S., additional, Requena, Susana, additional, Reynolds, Jennifer R., additional, Ribó, Marta, additional, Riddle, Martin J., additional, Rintoul, Stephen R., additional, Rivera, Jesus, additional, Roberts, Jed T., additional, Robinson, Karen A., additional, Rooney, Sean C., additional, Rowden, Ashley A., additional, Rueda, José L., additional, Ryabchuk, Daria, additional, Sagar, Stephen, additional, Sanderson, William G., additional, Santos, Ricardo S., additional, Sayago-Gil, Miriam, additional, Seiler, Jan, additional, Serrano, Alberto, additional, Shotwell, S.Kalei, additional, Smith, Jodie, additional, Smith, John R., additional, Smith, Samantha, additional, Smith, Stephen J., additional, Spencer, Tom, additional, Singh, Hanumant, additional, Sivkov, Vadim, additional, Stark, Jonathan S., additional, Stewart, Ian J., additional, Stieglitz, Thomas C., additional, Tappin, David R., additional, Tempera, Fernando, additional, Thorsnes, Terje, additional, Todd, Brian J., additional, Trusel, Luke, additional, Tunis, Giorgio, additional, Tyler, Paul A., additional, Valentine, Page C., additional, van Dalfsen, Jan A., additional, van Dijk, Thaiënne A.G.P., additional, van Duin, Willem, additional, van Heteren, Sytze, additional, Van Lancker, Vera, additional, van Landeghem, Katrien J.J., additional, van Overmeeren, Ronnie A., additional, Van Rooij, David, additional, Vázquez, Juan T., additional, Verbruggen, Koen, additional, Verdier, Anne-Laure, additional, Verfaillie, Els, additional, Wakefield, W. Waldo, additional, Webster, Jody M., additional, Clift, Leslie Whaylen, additional, Whitmire, Curt E., additional, Williams, Alan, additional, Williams, Stefan, additional, Woodroffe, Colin D., additional, Wright, Dawn J., additional, Wroblewski, Joseph, additional, Wysoczanski, Richard J., additional, Yamanaka, K.Lynne, additional, Yoklavich, Mary, additional, and Zhamoida, Vladimir, additional

Published
2012
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32. Environmental setting

Author

De Broyer, Claude, Koubbi, Philippe, Griffiths, Huw, Raymond, Ben, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Van de Putte, Anton, Danis, Bruno, David, Bruno, Grant, Susie, Gutt, Julian, Held, Christoph, Hosie, Graham, Huettmann, Falk, Post, Alexandra, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Post, Alexandra L., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Fraser, Alexander D., Meiners, Klaus M., Ayers, Jennifer, Bindoff, Nathan L., Griffiths, Huw J., O'Brien, Philip E., Swadling, Kerrie M., De Broyer, Claude, Koubbi, Philippe, Griffiths, Huw, Raymond, Ben, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Van de Putte, Anton, Danis, Bruno, David, Bruno, Grant, Susie, Gutt, Julian, Held, Christoph, Hosie, Graham, Huettmann, Falk, Post, Alexandra, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Post, Alexandra L., Meijers, Andrew J.S., Fraser, Alexander D., Meiners, Klaus M., Ayers, Jennifer, Bindoff, Nathan L., Griffiths, Huw J., O'Brien, Philip E., and Swadling, Kerrie M.

Published
2014

33. Environmental drivers of benthic communities and habitat heterogeneity on an East Antarctic shelf.

Author

Post, Alexandra L., Lavoie, Caroline, Domack, Eugene W., Leventer, Amy, Shevenell, Amelia, and Fraser, Alexander D.

Subjects
BENTHIC ecology, HABITATS
Abstract

This study presents the first analysis of benthic megafauna and habitats from the Sabrina Coast shelf, encompassing a proposed Marine Protected Area. Sea bed imagery indicated an abundant benthic fauna compared to other parts of the Antarctic shelf, dominated by brittle stars, polychaete tubeworms, and a range of other sessile and mobile taxa. The distribution of taxa was related (ρ=0.592, P<0.001) to variations in water depth, latitude, substrate type and phytodetritus. High phytodetritus cover was associated with muddy/sandy sediments and abundant holothurians and amphipods, while harder substrates hosted abundant brachiopods, hard bryozoans, polychaete tubeworms, massive and encrusting sponges, and sea whips. Brittle stars, irregular urchins and anemones were ubiquitous. Variations in substrate largely reflected the distribution of dropstones, creating fine-scale habitat heterogeneity. Several taxa were found only on hard substrates, and their broad regional distribution indicated that the density of dropstones was sufficient for most sessile invertebrates to disperse across the region. The hexactinellid sponge Anoxycalyx joubini and branching hydrocorals exhibited a more restricted distribution, probably related to water depth and limited dispersal capability, respectively. Dropstones were associated with significant increases in taxa diversity, abundance and biological cover, enhancing the overall diversity and biomass of this ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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34. Estimating the biodiversity of the East Antarctic shelf and oceanic zone for ecoregionalisation: Example of the ichthyofauna of the CEAMARC (Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census) CAML surveys

Author

Koubbi, Philippe, Ozouf-costaz, Catherine, Goarant, Anne, Moteki, Masato, Hulley, Percy-alexander, Causse, Romain, Dettai, Agnes, Duhamel, Guy, Pruvost, Patrice, Tavernier, Eric, Post, Alexandra L., Beaman, Robin J., Rintoul, Stephen R., Hirawake, Toru, Hirano, Daisuke, Ishimaru, Takashi, Riddle, Martin, Hosie, Graham, Koubbi, Philippe, Ozouf-costaz, Catherine, Goarant, Anne, Moteki, Masato, Hulley, Percy-alexander, Causse, Romain, Dettai, Agnes, Duhamel, Guy, Pruvost, Patrice, Tavernier, Eric, Post, Alexandra L., Beaman, Robin J., Rintoul, Stephen R., Hirawake, Toru, Hirano, Daisuke, Ishimaru, Takashi, Riddle, Martin, and Hosie, Graham

Abstract

Ecoregions are defined in terms of community structure as a function of abiotic or even anthropogenic forcing. They are meso-scale structures defined as the potential habitat of a species or the predicted communities geographic extent. We assume that they can be more easily defined for long-lived species, such as benthos or neritic fish, in the marine environment. Uncertainties exist for the pelagic realm because of its higher variability, plus little is known about the meso- and bathypelagic zones. A changing environment and modification of habitats will probably drive new communities from plankton to fish or top predators. We need baseline studies, such as those of the Census of Antarctic Marine Life, and databases like SCAR-MarBIN as tools for integrating all of these observations. Our objective is to understand the biodiversity patterns in the Southern Ocean and how these might change through time

Published
2010
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37. Estimating the biodiversity of the East Antarctic shelf and oceanic zone for ecoregionalisation: Example of the ichthyofauna of the CEAMARC (Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census) CAML surveys

Author

Koubbi, Philippe, primary, Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine, additional, Goarant, Anne, additional, Moteki, Masato, additional, Hulley, Percy-Alexander, additional, Causse, Romain, additional, Dettai, Agnès, additional, Duhamel, Guy, additional, Pruvost, Patrice, additional, Tavernier, Eric, additional, Post, Alexandra L., additional, Beaman, Robin J., additional, Rintoul, Stephen R., additional, Hirawake, Toru, additional, Hirano, Daisuke, additional, Ishimaru, Takashi, additional, Riddle, Martin, additional, and Hosie, Graham, additional

Published
2010
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39. Physical surrogates for macrofaunal distributions and abundance in a tropical gulf

Author

Post, Alexandra L., Wassenberg, Ted J., and Passlow, Vicki

Abstract

The characterisation of benthic habitats based on their abiotic (physical and chemical) attributes remains poorly defined in the marine environment, but is becoming increasingly central in the development of marine management plans in Australia and elsewhere in the world. The current study tested this link between physical and biological datasets for the southern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. The results presented were based on a range of physical factors, including the sediment composition (grain size and carbonate content), sediment mobility, water depth and organic carbon flux, and their relationship to the distribution and diversity of benthic macrofauna was tested. The results reveal the importance of process-based indices, such as sediment mobility, in addition to other environmental factors in defining the distribution of the benthic macrofauna. The distribution of the benthic macrofauna changes gradationally across the south-eastern Gulf, associated with changes in the per cent mud and gravel, the seabed exposure and the water depth. Patterns of diversity also reveal the importance of physical processes such as sediment mobility in defining benthic habitats. The species?environment relationships observed at the small scale of the current study are consistent with broader associations observed for other organisms within the Gulf.

Published
2006
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