Search

Your search keyword '"Possingham H"' showing total 282 results
Start Over Author "Possingham H"
282 results on '"Possingham H"'

1. Author Correction: Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J. E. M.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J. E. M.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The use of stochastic dynamic programming in optimal landscape reconstruction for metapopulations

Author

Westphal, M I, Pickett, M, Getz, Wayne M, and Possingham, H P

Subjects
Australia, conservation, decision theory, metapopulation, optimal landscape reconstruction, Southern Emu-wren, Stipiturus malachurus intermedius, stochastic dynamic programming, threatened species
Abstract

A decision theory framework can be a powerful technique to derive optimal management decisions for endangered species. We built a spatially realistic stochastic metapopulation model for the Mount Lofty Ranges Southern Emu-wren (Stipiturus malachurus intermedius), a critically endangered Australian bird. Using diserete-time Markov,chains to describe the dynamics of a metapopulation and stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) to find optimal solutions, we evaluated the following different management decisions: enlarging existing patches, linking patches via corridors, and creating a new patch. This is the first application of SDP to optimal landscape reconstruction and one of the few times that landscape reconstruction dynamics have been integrated with population dynamics. SDP is a powerful tool that has advantages over standard Monte Carlo simulation methods because it can give the exact optimal strategy for every landscape configuration (combination of patch areas and presence of corridors) and pattern of metapopulation occupancy, as well as a trajectory of strategies. It is useful when a sequence of management actions can be performed over a given time horizon, as is the case for many endangered species recovery programs, where only fixed amounts of resources are available in each time step. However, it is generally limited by computational constraints to rather small networks of patches. The model shows that optimal metapopulation, management decisions depend greatly on the current state of the metapopulation,. and there is no strategy that is universally the best. The extinction probability over 30 yr for the optimal state-dependent management actions is 50-80% better than no management, whereas the best fixed state-independent sets of strategies are only 30% better than no management. This highlights the advantages of using a decision theory tool to investigate conservation strategies for metapopulations. It is clear from these results that the sequence of management actions is critical, and this can only be effectively derived from stochastic dynamic programming. The model illustrates the underlying difficulty in determining simple rules of thumb for the sequence of management actions for a metapopulation. This use of a decision theory framework extends the capacity of population viability analysis (PVA) to manage threatened species.

Published
2003

11. Data from: Prioritizing global land protection for population persistence can double the efficiency of habitat protection for reducing mammal extinction risk

Author

Wolff, N., Visconti, P., Kujala, H., Santini, L., Hilbers, J., Possingham, H., Oakleaf, J., Kennedy, C., Kiesecker, J., Fargione, J., Game, E., Wolff, N., Visconti, P., Kujala, H., Santini, L., Hilbers, J., Possingham, H., Oakleaf, J., Kennedy, C., Kiesecker, J., Fargione, J., and Game, E.

Abstract

Halting the alarming rate of species extinction, driven primarily by habitat destruction, motivated the international community to adopt (2022) the Global Biodiversity Framework and it’s 23 targets aimed at reversing habitat and species loss. Due to urgency and resource constraints, a key challenge is meeting targets effectively and efficiently. Here we conduct a global prioritization linking 70,492 unique population maps and life history characteristics for 861 threatened terrestrial mammal species. Incorporating individual population data boosted viability for 84% more populations compared to using a more typical approach that uses species distributions alone, nearly doubling the security of long-term species persistence. We map and rank global mammal persistence priority areas and assess how well the current protected areas (PA) system captures these important regions. Our results will provide conservation actors a more direct and quantifiable linkage between conservation action and extinction risk than has previously been possible at a global scale.

Published
2023

14. Challenges to the Future Conservation of the Antarctic

Author

Chown, S. L., Lee, J. E., Hughes, K. A., Barnes, J., Barrett, P. J., Bergstrom, D. M., Convey, P., Cowan, D. A., Crosbie, K., Dyer, G., Frenot, Y., Grant, S. M., Herr, D., Kennicutt, M. C., Lamers, M., Murray, A., Possingham, H. P., Reid, K., Riddle, M. J., Ryan, P. G., Sanson, L., Shaw, J. D., Sparrow, M. D., Summerhayes, C., Terauds, A., and Wall, D. H.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Conserving biodiversity in production landscapes

Author

Wilson, K. A., Meijaard, E., Drummond, S., Grantham, H. S., Boitani, L., Catullo, G., Christie, L., Dennis, R., Dutton, I., Falcucci, A., Maiorano, L., Possingham, H. P., Rondinini, C., Turner, W. R., Venter, O., and Watts, M.

Published
2010

20. One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity

Author

Sutherland, W. J., Adams, W. M., Aronson, R. B., Aveling, R., Blackburn, T. M., Broad, S., Ceballos, G., Côté, I. M., Cowling, R. M., Fonseca, G. A. B. Da, Dinerstein, E., Ferraro, P. J., Fleishman, E., Gascon, C., Hunter, M., Hutton, J., Kareiva, P., Kuria, A., MacDonald, D. W., MacKinnon, K., Madgwick, F. J., Mascia, M. B., McNeely, J., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Moon, S., Morley, C. G., Nelson, S., Osborn, D., Pai, M., Parsons, E. C. M., Peck, L. S., Possingham, H., Prior, S. V., Pullin, A. S., Rands, M. R. W., Ranganathan, J., Redford, K. H., Rodriguez, J. P., Seymour, F., Sobel, J., Sodhi, N. S., Stott, A., Vance-Borland, K., and Watkinson, A. R.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. An objective-based prioritization approach to support trophic complexity through ecological restoration species mixes

Author

Ladouceur, Emma, McGowan, J., Huber, P., Possingham, H., Scridel, D., van Klink, R., Poschlod, P., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Bonomi, C., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Ladouceur, Emma, McGowan, J., Huber, P., Possingham, H., Scridel, D., van Klink, R., Poschlod, P., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Bonomi, C., and Jiménez-Alfaro, B.

Abstract

Reassembling ecological communities and rebuilding habitats through active restoration treatments require curating the selection of plant species to use in seeding and planting mixes. Ideally, these mixes should be assembled based on attributes that support ecosystem function and services, promote plant and animal species interactions and ecological networks in restoration while balancing project constraints. Despite these critical considerations, it is common for species mixes to be selected opportunistically. Reframing the selection of seed mixes for restoration around ecological objectives is essential for success but accessible methods and tools are needed to support this effort.We developed a framework to optimize species seed mixes based on prioritizing plant species attributes to best support different objectives for ecosystem functions, services and trophic relationships such as pollination, seed dispersal and herbivory. We compared results to approaches where plant species are selected to represent plant taxonomic richness, dominant species and at random. We tested our framework in European alpine grasslands by identifying 176 plant species characteristic of the species pool, and identified 163 associated attributes affiliated to trophic relationships, ecosystem functions and services.In all cases, trophic relationships, ecosystem functions and services can be captured more efficiently through objective-based prioritization using the functional identity of plant species. Solutions (plant species lists) can be compared quantitatively, in terms of costs, species or objectives. We confirm that a random draw of plant species from the regional plant species pool cannot be assumed to support other trophic groups and ecosystem functions and services.Synthesis and Applications. Our framework is presented as a proof-of-concept to help restoration practitioners better apply quantitative decision support to plant species selection to efficiently meet ecological restor

Published
2021

31. Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., Watson, J. E. M., Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J. E. M.

Abstract

Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by the degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) has high landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa, and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally designated protected areas. Of the forest inside protected areas, only 56% has high landscape-level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally.

Published
2021

33. Only 40% of the world’s forests are in good health

Author

Grantham, H.S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K., Beyer, H., Shuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J., Robinson, J., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W.F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J.E.M.

Abstract

Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remains poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on direct and indirect forest pressures and lost forest connectivity, we generate the first globally-consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by degree of anthropogenic modification, which we term ‘forest health’. Globally, only 17.4 million km 2 of forest (40.5%) can be considered in high health (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally-designated protected areas. Of all the world’s forests found within protected areas, only 56% can be considered in high health. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest health are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at restoring the health of forests globally.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits, and economic implications: Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Author

Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J.E.M., Balmford, A., Beau, J.A., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carasco, R., Cheung, W., Christensen, V., Clements, A., Coll, M., Di Marco, M., Deguignet, M., Dinerstein, E., Ellis, E., Eppink, F., Ervin, J., Escobedo, A., Fa, J., Fernandes-Llamazares, A., Fernando, S., Fujimori, S., Fulton, B., Garnett, S., Gerber, J., Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, T., Hahn, N., Halpern, B., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heikinheimo, V., Heneghan, R., Henry, E., Humpenoder, F., Jonas, H., Jones, K., Joppa, L., Joshi, A.R., Jung, M., Kingston, N., Klein, C., Krisztin, T., Lam, V., Leclere, D., Lindsey, P., Locke, H., Lovejoy, T.E., Madgwick, P., Malhi, Y., Malmer, P., Maron, M., Mayorga, J., van Meijl, H., Miller, D., Molnar, Z., Mueller, N., Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, R., Nakamura, K., Nepal, P., Noss, R.F., O’Leary, B., Olson, D., Palcios Abrantes, J., Paxton, M., Popp, A., Possingham, H., Prestemon, J., Reside, A., Robinson, C., Robinson, J., Sala, E., Scherrer, K., Spalding, M., Spenceley, A., Steenbeck, J., Stehfest, E., Strassborg, B., Sumaila, R., Swinnerton, K., Sze, J., Tittensor, D., Toivonen, T., Toledo, A., Negret Torres, P., van Zeist, W.-J., Vause, J., Venter, O., Vilela, T., Visconti, P., Vynne, C., Watson, R., Watson, J., Wikramanayake, E., Williams, B., Wintle, B., Woodley, S., Wu, W., Zander, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.P., and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Abstract

The World Economic Forum (WEF) and Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have both identified biodiversity loss as one of the main threats to global economic prosperity. In particular, this high-level warning specifies that any further loss of natural habitats and biodiversity will cause extensive and costly flooding, climate change, disease emergence and ill health, clean water shortages, loss of crop pollination, decline in productivity, and numerous other risks. All of these negative outcomes are the consequence of degrading the natural infrastructure that supports human economic activity and wellbeing. One of the main policy instruments to slow the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of nature is the creation of protected or conservation areas (simple examples being a Nature Reserve or Marine Reserve). Currently, ~16% of the land and 7.4% of the ocean is in areas designated or proposed for protection (although only 2.5% of the ocean is in highly/fully protected areas). This level of protection is widely acknowledged as being inadequate to achieve biodiversity protection goals. One of the headline proposals for the 15th meeting of the Conference of Parties to the CBD, and Action Target 2 of the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, is to increase the area covered by protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) to 30% of the planet by 2030, including both land and water protection.

Published
2020

35. Advancing Coral Reef Governance into the Anthropocene

Author

Morrison, TH, Adger, N, Barnett, J, Brown, K, Possingham, H, Hughes, T, Morrison, TH, Adger, N, Barnett, J, Brown, K, Possingham, H, and Hughes, T

Abstract

The unprecedented global heatwave of 2014–2017 was a defining event for many ecosystems. Widespread degradation caused by coral bleaching, for example, highlighted the vulnerability of hundreds of millions of people dependent on reefs for their livelihoods, well-being, and food security. Scientists and policy makers are now reassessing long-held assumptions about coping with anthropogenic climate change, particularly the assumption that strong local institutions can maintain ecological and social resilience through ecosystem-based management, adaptation, and restoration. Governance is struggling to address the new normal as ecosystem assemblages transform to novel configurations. A central challenge for policy makers in the Anthropocene is navigating environmental crises and coping with societal insecurity and change. Ecosystem governance needs a new paradigm to embrace rapid change and shape future trajectories. In this Perspective, we focus on coral reefs as vanguards for governance transformation. We explain the spatial, temporal, and political dynamics of reefs as they respond to climate change and outline a new governance paradigm applicable to all ecosystems.

Published
2020

36. Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications

Author

Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Asner, G., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J., Balmford, A., Austin Beau, J., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carrasco, R., Cheung, W., Christensen, V., Clements, A., Coll, M., di Marco, M., Deguignet, M., Dinerstein, E., Ellis, E., Eppink, F., Ervin, J., Escobedo, A., Fa, J., Fernandes-Llamazares, A., Fernando, S., Fujimori, S., Fulton, B., Garnett, S., Gerber, J., Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, T., Hahn, N., Halpern, B., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heikinheimo, V., Heneghan, R., Henry, E., Humpenoder, F., Jonas, H., Jones, K., Joppa, L., Joshi, A., Jung, M., Kingston, N., Klein, C., Krisztin, T., Lam, V., Leclere, D., Lindsey, P., Locke, H., Lovejoy, T., Madgwick, P., Malhi, Y., Malmer, P., Maron, M., Mayorga, J., van Meijl, H., Miller, D., Molnar, Z., Mueller, N., Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, R., Nakamura, K., Nepal, P., Noss, R., O’Leary, B., Olson, D., Palcios Abrantes, J., Paxton, M., Popp, A., Possingham, H., Prestemon, J., Reside, A., Robinson, C., Robinson, J., Sala, E., Scherrer, K., Spalding, M., Spenceley, A., Steenbeck, J., Stehfest, E., Strassborg, B., Sumaila, R., Swinnerton, K., Sze, J., Tittensor, D., Toivonen, T., Toledo, A., Negret Torres, P., Van Zeist, W., Vause, J., Venter, O., Vilela, T., Visconti, P., Vynne, C., Watson, R., Watson, J., Wikramanayake, E., Williams, B., Wintle, B., Woodley, S., Wu, W., Zander, K., Zhang, Y., Waldron, A., Adams, V., Allan, J., Arnell, A., Asner, G., Atkinson, S., Baccini, A., Baillie, J., Balmford, A., Austin Beau, J., Brander, L., Brondizio, E., Bruner, A., Burgess, N., Burkart, K., Butchart, S., Button, R., Carrasco, R., Cheung, W., Christensen, V., Clements, A., Coll, M., di Marco, M., Deguignet, M., Dinerstein, E., Ellis, E., Eppink, F., Ervin, J., Escobedo, A., Fa, J., Fernandes-Llamazares, A., Fernando, S., Fujimori, S., Fulton, B., Garnett, S., Gerber, J., Gill, D., Gopalakrishna, T., Hahn, N., Halpern, B., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heikinheimo, V., Heneghan, R., Henry, E., Humpenoder, F., Jonas, H., Jones, K., Joppa, L., Joshi, A., Jung, M., Kingston, N., Klein, C., Krisztin, T., Lam, V., Leclere, D., Lindsey, P., Locke, H., Lovejoy, T., Madgwick, P., Malhi, Y., Malmer, P., Maron, M., Mayorga, J., van Meijl, H., Miller, D., Molnar, Z., Mueller, N., Mukherjee, N., Naidoo, R., Nakamura, K., Nepal, P., Noss, R., O’Leary, B., Olson, D., Palcios Abrantes, J., Paxton, M., Popp, A., Possingham, H., Prestemon, J., Reside, A., Robinson, C., Robinson, J., Sala, E., Scherrer, K., Spalding, M., Spenceley, A., Steenbeck, J., Stehfest, E., Strassborg, B., Sumaila, R., Swinnerton, K., Sze, J., Tittensor, D., Toivonen, T., Toledo, A., Negret Torres, P., Van Zeist, W., Vause, J., Venter, O., Vilela, T., Visconti, P., Vynne, C., Watson, R., Watson, J., Wikramanayake, E., Williams, B., Wintle, B., Woodley, S., Wu, W., Zander, K., and Zhang, Y.

Abstract

Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Published
2020

37. Global shortfalls in extinction risk assessments for endemic flora

Author

Gallagher, R. V., primary, Allen, S., additional, Rivers, M. C., additional, Allen, A. P., additional, Butt, N., additional, Keith, D., additional, Auld, T. D., additional, Enquist, B. J., additional, Wright, I. J., additional, Possingham, H. P., additional, Espinosa-Ruiz, S., additional, Dimitrova, N., additional, Mifsud, J. C. O., additional, and Adams, V. M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Modification of forests by people means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H.S., primary, Duncan, A., additional, Evans, T. D., additional, Jones, K., additional, Beyer, H., additional, Schuster, R., additional, Walston, J., additional, Ray, J., additional, Robinson, J., additional, Callow, M., additional, Clements, T., additional, Costa, H.M., additional, DeGemmis, A., additional, Elsen, P.R., additional, Ervin, J., additional, Franco, P., additional, Goldman, E., additional, Goetz, S., additional, Hansen, A., additional, Hofsvang, E., additional, Jantz, P., additional, Jupiter, S., additional, Kang, A., additional, Langhammer, P., additional, Laurance, W.F., additional, Lieberman, S., additional, Linkie, M., additional, Malhi, Y., additional, Maxwell, S., additional, Mendez, M., additional, Mittermeier, R., additional, Murray, N., additional, Possingham, H., additional, Radachowsky, J., additional, Samper, C., additional, Silverman, J., additional, Shapiro, A., additional, Strassburg, B., additional, Stevens, T., additional, Stokes, E., additional, Taylor, R., additional, Tear, T., additional, Tizard, R., additional, Venter, O., additional, Visconti, P., additional, Wang, S., additional, and Watson, J.E.M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Aligning evidence generation and use across health, development, and environment

Author

Tallis, H, Kreis, K, Olander, L, Ringler, C, Ameyaw, D, Borsuk, ME, Fletschner, D, Game, E, Gilligan, DO, Jeuland, M, Kennedy, G, Masuda, YJ, Mehta, S, Miller, N, Parker, M, Pollino, C, Rajaratnam, J, Wilkie, D, Zhang, W, Ahmed, S, Ajayi, OC, Alderman, H, Arhonditsis, G, Azevedo, I, Badola, R, Bailis, R, Balvanera, P, Barbour, E, Bardini, M, Barton, DN, Baumgartner, J, Benton, TG, Bobrow, E, Bossio, D, Bostrom, A, Braimoh, A, Brondizio, E, Brown, J, Bryant, BP, Calder, RS, Chaplin-Kramer, B, Cullen, A, DeMello, N, Dickinson, KL, Ebi, KL, Eves, HE, Fanzo, J, Ferraro, PJ, Fisher, B, Frongillo, EA, Galford, G, Garrity, D, Gatere, L, Grieshop, AP, Grigg, NJ, Groves, C, Gugerty, MK, Hamm, M, Hou, X, Huang, C, Imhoff, M, Jack, D, Jones, AD, Kelsey, R, Kothari, M, Kumar, R, Lachat, C, Larsen, A, Lawrence, M, DeClerck, F, Levin, PS, Mabaya, E, Gibson, JMD, McDonald, RI, Mace, G, Maertens, R, Mangale, DI, Martino, R, Mason, S, Mehta, L, Meinzen-Dick, R, Merz, B, Msangi, S, Murray, G, Murray, KA, Naude, CE, Newlands, NK, Nkonya, E, Peterman, A, Petruney, T, Possingham, H, Puri, J, Remans, R, Remlinger, L, Ricketts, TH, Reta, B, Robinson, BE, Roe, D, Rosenthal, J, Shen, G, Ringler, C [0000-0002-8266-0488], Ameyaw, D [0000-0003-2939-0594], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Prevention, 4206 Public Health, 42 Health Sciences, 2 Zero Hunger
Abstract

© 2019 The Authors Although health, development, and environment challenges are interconnected, evidence remains fractured across sectors due to methodological and conceptual differences in research and practice. Aligned methods are needed to support Sustainable Development Goal advances and similar agendas. The Bridge Collaborative, an emergent research-practice collaboration, presents principles and recommendations that help harmonize methods for evidence generation and use. Recommendations were generated in the context of designing and evaluating evidence of impact for interventions related to five global challenges (stabilizing the global climate, making food production sustainable, decreasing air pollution and respiratory disease, improving sanitation and water security, and solving hunger and malnutrition) and serve as a starting point for further iteration and testing in a broader set of contexts and disciplines. We adopted six principles and emphasize three methodological recommendations: (1) creation of compatible results chains, (2) consideration of all relevant types of evidence, and (3) evaluation of strength of evidence using a unified rubric. We provide detailed suggestions for how these recommendations can be applied in practice, streamlining efforts to apply multi-objective approaches and/or synthesize evidence in multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary teams. These recommendations advance the necessary process of reconciling existing evidence standards in health, development, and environment, and initiate a common basis for integrated evidence generation and use in research, practice, and policy design.

Published
2019

43. Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals

Author

Betts, M.G., Wolf, C., Pfeifer, M., Banks-Leite, C., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Ribeiro, D.B., Barlow, J., Eigenbrod, F., Faria, D., Fletcher, R.J., Hadley, A.S., Hawes, J.E., Holt, R.D., Klingbeil, B., Kormann, U., Lens, L., Levi, T., Medina-Rangel, G.F., Melles, S.L., Mezger, D., Morante-Filho, J.C., Orme, C.D.L., Peres, C.A., Phalan, B.T., Pidgeon, A., Possingham, H., Ripple, W.J., Slade, E.M., Somarriba, E., Tobias, J.A., Tylianakis, J.M., Urbina-Cardona, J.N., Valente, J.J., Watling, J.I., Wells, K., Wearn, O.R., Wood, E., Young, R., Ewers, R.M., Betts, M.G., Wolf, C., Pfeifer, M., Banks-Leite, C., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Ribeiro, D.B., Barlow, J., Eigenbrod, F., Faria, D., Fletcher, R.J., Hadley, A.S., Hawes, J.E., Holt, R.D., Klingbeil, B., Kormann, U., Lens, L., Levi, T., Medina-Rangel, G.F., Melles, S.L., Mezger, D., Morante-Filho, J.C., Orme, C.D.L., Peres, C.A., Phalan, B.T., Pidgeon, A., Possingham, H., Ripple, W.J., Slade, E.M., Somarriba, E., Tobias, J.A., Tylianakis, J.M., Urbina-Cardona, J.N., Valente, J.J., Watling, J.I., Wells, K., Wearn, O.R., Wood, E., Young, R., and Ewers, R.M.

Abstract

Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide, but the effects of fragmentation (the spatial arrangement of remaining habitat) are debated. We tested the hypothesis that forest fragmentation sensitivity-affected by avoidance of habitat edges-should be driven by historical exposure to, and therefore species' evolutionary responses to disturbance. Using a database containing 73 datasets collected worldwide (encompassing 4489 animal species), we found that the proportion of fragmentation-sensitive species was nearly three times as high in regions with low rates of historical disturbance compared with regions with high rates of disturbance (i.e., fires, glaciation, hurricanes, and deforestation). These disturbances coincide with a latitudinal gradient in which sensitivity increases sixfold at low versus high latitudes. We conclude that conservation efforts to limit edges created by fragmentation will be most important in the world's tropical forests.

Published
2019

44. Aligning evidence generation and use across health, development, and environment

Author

Tallis, H., Kreis, K., Olander, L., Ringler, C., Ameyaw, D., Borsuk, M. E., Fletschner, D., Game, E., Gilligan, D. O., Jeuland, M., Kennedy, G., Masuda, Y. J., Mehta, S., Miller, N., Parker, M., Pollino, C., Rajaratnam, J., Wilkie, D., Zhang, W., Ahmed, S., Ajayi, O. C., Alderman, H., Arhonditsis, G., Azevedo, I., Badola, R., Bailis, R., Balvanera, P., Barbour, E., Bardini, M., Barton, D. N., Baumgartner, J., Benton, T. G., Bobrow, E., Bossio, D., Bostrom, A., Braimoh, A., Brondizio, E., Brown, J., Bryant, B. P., Calder, R. S., Chaplin-Kramer, B., Cullen, A., DeMello, N., Dickinson, K. L., Ebi, K. L., Eves, H. E., Fanzo, J., Ferraro, P. J., Fisher, B., Frongillo, E. A., Galford, G., Garrity, D., Gatere, L., Grieshop, A. P., Grigg, N. J., Groves, C., Gugerty, M. K., Hamm, M., Hou, X., Huang, C., Imhoff, M., Jack, D., Jones, A. D., Kelsey, R., Kothari, M., Kumar, R., Lachat, C., Larsen, A., Lawrence, M., DeClerck, F., Levin, P. S., Mabaya, E., Gibson, J. M. D., McDonald, R. I., Mace, G., Maertens, R., Mangale, D. I., Martino, R., Mason, S., Mehta, L., Meinzen-Dick, R., Merz, B., Msangi, S., Murray, G., Murray, K. A., Naude, C. E., Newlands, N. K., Nkonya, E., Peterman, A., Petruney, T., Possingham, H., Puri, J., Remans, R., Remlinger, L., Ricketts, T. H., Reta, B., Robinson, B. E., Roe, D., Rosenthal, J., Shen, G., Tallis, H., Kreis, K., Olander, L., Ringler, C., Ameyaw, D., Borsuk, M. E., Fletschner, D., Game, E., Gilligan, D. O., Jeuland, M., Kennedy, G., Masuda, Y. J., Mehta, S., Miller, N., Parker, M., Pollino, C., Rajaratnam, J., Wilkie, D., Zhang, W., Ahmed, S., Ajayi, O. C., Alderman, H., Arhonditsis, G., Azevedo, I., Badola, R., Bailis, R., Balvanera, P., Barbour, E., Bardini, M., Barton, D. N., Baumgartner, J., Benton, T. G., Bobrow, E., Bossio, D., Bostrom, A., Braimoh, A., Brondizio, E., Brown, J., Bryant, B. P., Calder, R. S., Chaplin-Kramer, B., Cullen, A., DeMello, N., Dickinson, K. L., Ebi, K. L., Eves, H. E., Fanzo, J., Ferraro, P. J., Fisher, B., Frongillo, E. A., Galford, G., Garrity, D., Gatere, L., Grieshop, A. P., Grigg, N. J., Groves, C., Gugerty, M. K., Hamm, M., Hou, X., Huang, C., Imhoff, M., Jack, D., Jones, A. D., Kelsey, R., Kothari, M., Kumar, R., Lachat, C., Larsen, A., Lawrence, M., DeClerck, F., Levin, P. S., Mabaya, E., Gibson, J. M. D., McDonald, R. I., Mace, G., Maertens, R., Mangale, D. I., Martino, R., Mason, S., Mehta, L., Meinzen-Dick, R., Merz, B., Msangi, S., Murray, G., Murray, K. A., Naude, C. E., Newlands, N. K., Nkonya, E., Peterman, A., Petruney, T., Possingham, H., Puri, J., Remans, R., Remlinger, L., Ricketts, T. H., Reta, B., Robinson, B. E., Roe, D., Rosenthal, J., and Shen, G.

Abstract

© 2019 The Authors Although health, development, and environment challenges are interconnected, evidence remains fractured across sectors due to methodological and conceptual differences in research and practice. Aligned methods are needed to support Sustainable Development Goal advances and similar agendas. The Bridge Collaborative, an emergent research-practice collaboration, presents principles and recommendations that help harmonize methods for evidence generation and use. Recommendations were generated in the context of designing and evaluating evidence of impact for interventions related to five global challenges (stabilizing the global climate, making food production sustainable, decreasing air pollution and respiratory disease, improving sanitation and water security, and solving hunger and malnutrition) and serve as a starting point for further iteration and testing in a broader set of contexts and disciplines. We adopted six principles and emphasize three methodological recommendations: (1) creation of compatible results chains, (2) consideration of all relevant types of evidence, and (3) evaluation of strength of evidence using a unified rubric. We provide detailed suggestions for how these recommendations can be applied in practice, streamlining efforts to apply multi-objective approaches and/or synthesize evidence in multidisciplinary or transdisciplinary teams. These recommendations advance the necessary process of reconciling existing evidence standards in health, development, and environment, and initiate a common basis for integrated evidence generation and use in research, practice, and policy design.

Published
2019

46. Metrics of progress in the understanding and management of threats to Australian birds

Author

Garnett, S. T., primary, Butchart, S. H. M., additional, Baker, G. B., additional, Bayraktarov, E., additional, Buchanan, K. L., additional, Burbidge, A. A., additional, Chauvenet, A. L. M., additional, Christidis, L., additional, Ehmke, G., additional, Grace, M., additional, Hoccom, D. G., additional, Legge, S. M., additional, Leiper, I., additional, Lindenmayer, D. B., additional, Loyn, R. H., additional, Maron, M., additional, McDonald, P., additional, Menkhorst, P., additional, Possingham, H. P., additional, Radford, J., additional, Reside, A. E., additional, Watson, D. M., additional, Watson, J. E. M., additional, Wintle, B., additional, Woinarski, J. C. Z., additional, and Geyle, H. M., additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Managing consequences of climate-driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science

Author

Bonebrake, TC, Brown, CJ, Bell, JD, Blanchard, JL, Chauvenet, A, Champion, C, Chen, IC, Clark, TD, Colwell, RK, Danielsen, F, Dell, AI, Donelson, JM, Evengård, B, Ferrier, S, Frusher, S, Garcia, RA, Griffis, RB, Hobday, AJ, Jarzyna, MA, Lee, E, Lenoir, J, Linnetved, H, Martin, VY, McCormack, PC, McDonald, J, McDonald-Madden, E, Mitchell, N, Mustonen, T, Pandolfi, JM, Pettorelli, N, Possingham, H, Pulsifer, P, Reynolds, M, Scheffers, BR, Sorte, CJB, Strugnell, JM, Tuanmu, MN, Twiname, S, Vergés, A, Villanueva, C, Wapstra, E, Wernberg, T, Pecl, GT, Bonebrake, TC, Brown, CJ, Bell, JD, Blanchard, JL, Chauvenet, A, Champion, C, Chen, IC, Clark, TD, Colwell, RK, Danielsen, F, Dell, AI, Donelson, JM, Evengård, B, Ferrier, S, Frusher, S, Garcia, RA, Griffis, RB, Hobday, AJ, Jarzyna, MA, Lee, E, Lenoir, J, Linnetved, H, Martin, VY, McCormack, PC, McDonald, J, McDonald-Madden, E, Mitchell, N, Mustonen, T, Pandolfi, JM, Pettorelli, N, Possingham, H, Pulsifer, P, Reynolds, M, Scheffers, BR, Sorte, CJB, Strugnell, JM, Tuanmu, MN, Twiname, S, Vergés, A, Villanueva, C, Wapstra, E, Wernberg, T, and Pecl, GT

Abstract

© 2017 Cambridge Philosophical Society Climate change is driving a pervasive global redistribution of the planet's species. Species redistribution poses new questions for the study of ecosystems, conservation science and human societies that require a coordinated and integrated approach. Here we review recent progress, key gaps and strategic directions in this nascent research area, emphasising emerging themes in species redistribution biology, the importance of understanding underlying drivers and the need to anticipate novel outcomes of changes in species ranges. We highlight that species redistribution has manifest implications across multiple temporal and spatial scales and from genes to ecosystems. Understanding range shifts from ecological, physiological, genetic and biogeographical perspectives is essential for informing changing paradigms in conservation science and for designing conservation strategies that incorporate changing population connectivity and advance adaptation to climate change. Species redistributions present challenges for human well-being, environmental management and sustainable development. By synthesising recent approaches, theories and tools, our review establishes an interdisciplinary foundation for the development of future research on species redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate how ecological, conservation and social research on species redistribution can best be achieved by working across disciplinary boundaries to develop and implement solutions to climate change challenges. Future studies should therefore integrate existing and complementary scientific frameworks while incorporating social science and human-centred approaches. Finally, we emphasise that the best science will not be useful unless more scientists engage with managers, policy makers and the public to develop responsible and socially acceptable options for the global challenges arising from species redistributions.

Published
2018

50. Bias in protected-area location and its effects on long-term aspirations of biodiversity conventions

Author

Venter, O., Magrach, A., Outram, N., Klein, C. J., Possingham, H. P., Di Marco, M., and Watson, J. E. M.

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Convención por la Diversidad Biológica, Convention on Biological Diversity, planeación sistemática de la conservación, protección residual, protected area, residual protection, systematic conservation planning, área protegida, Endangered Species, Biodiversity, Bias, Vertebrates, Animals
Abstract

To contribute to the aspirations of recent international biodiversity conventions, protected areas (PAs) must be strategically located and not simply established on economically marginal lands as they have in the past. With refined international commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity to target protected areas in places of "importance to biodiversity," perhaps they may now be. We analyzed location biases in PAs globally over historic (pre-2004) and recent periods. Specifically, we examined whether the location of protected areas are more closely associated with high concentrations of threatened vertebrate species or with areas of low agricultural opportunity costs. We found that both old and new protected areas did not target places with high concentrations of threatened vertebrate species. Instead, they appeared to be established in locations that minimize conflict with agriculturally suitable lands. This entrenchment of past trends has substantial implications for the contributions these protected areas are making to international commitments to conserve biodiversity. If protected-area growth from 2004 to 2014 had strategically targeted unrepresented threatened vertebrates,30 times more species (3086 or 2553 potential vs. 85 actual new species represented) would have been protected for the same area or the same cost as the actual expansion. With the land available for conservation declining, nations must urgently focus new protection on places that provide for the conservation outcomes outlined in international treaties.

Published
2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results