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The study was carried out on 12 American Staffordshire Terriers (AST) each of 60 days' gestation. A morphological analysis of the extra-ocular muscles was performed. The location of the rectus and oblique muscles and the retractor bulbi muscle is described. The length and breadth of these muscles as well as of their tendons, the distance between the final insertions of the tendons and the corneal limbus and the line of insertions is also given.

Localisation of the diaphorase activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH-d), acting as a marker of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), was studied in the thymus of the rat, mouse and rabbit. The NADPH-d-active cells observed in the rat thymus were irregular in shape with numerous projections and were located on the boundary between the cortex and the medulla. The NADPH-d--active cells in the thymus of the mouse were located predominantly in the medulla. They varied in coloration and their shape was oval, round, or irregular. NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were located perivascularly. The rabbit thymus displayed a lightly stained cortex, whereas the medulla was seen as a rounded complex of intensively stained cells, without sharp demarcation between them. In the rat thymus, the NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were not evident, whereas NADPH-d-positive nerve fibres were seen in the perivascular topography of the mouse and the rabbit thymus. These results suggest that NO may participate in the regulation of the thymic function in the species. In summary, the present results reveal the distribution of NADPH-diaphorase-d-positive structures in the rat, mouse and rabbit thymus.

The aim of our experiment was to establish the morphological changes occurring in the cervical part of sympathetic trunk of the pig during its fetal development. The experiment was conducted on 38 swine fetuses, divided into three developmental groups. The investigated section in 6-11-week-old fetuses usually consisted of 3 ganglia. In the oldest age group only 2 ganglia appeared--the middle cervical ganglion was usually not observed. The statistical parameters referring to the cranial cervical ganglion (standard deviation, coefficient of variation) increase with the age of the fetus, suggesting that the greater part of the development occurs at the end of gestation. The investigated ganglion was negatively allometric in relation to body length during the whole of gestation. The most frequent arrangements of the cervicothoracic ganglia noted in the fetuses investigated were: [GCca + GTh1 + GTh2] on the left side of the body, and [GCca + (GTh1 + GTh2)] on the right.

The experiment was conducted on 36 swine fetuses divided into the three developmental groups described by Marrable (1971). In the postdiaphragmatic part, 10 to 20 primary ganglia were found in the sympathetic trunk. They had fused with the secondary structures, and hence the sympathetic trunks studied finally consisted of 6-16 ganglia. It is remarkable that the higher number of primary ganglia did not correspond with the higher number of secondary ones. The variation in the number of secondary ganglia was mainly connected with the interganglionic fusion occurring in the section studied. The standard variation in the length of the sympathetic ganglia increased considerably with the age of the fetuses as well as the analogous coefficient of variation. The analysis of the statistical parameters referring to the ganglia of the investigated section of the sympathetic trunk investigated indicated the growth of its developmental dynamics, which did not occur until the terminal period of gestation.

The aim of the experiment was to establish, on the basis of morphometric and statistic analysis, the changes occurring in the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk of the pig during its prenatal period. The experiment was conducted on 36 swine fetuses divided into three age groups. The standard variation (s) and the coefficient of variation (CV%) of the length of sympathetic components were calculated. The rates of standard variation increased with the age of the fetuses and it was found that the most dynamic development of the elements examined took place during the terminal period of gestation. Also the coefficient of correlation of the length of those elements investigated with the length of the fetuses was calculated. The part of the sympathetic trunk in question was found to be negatively allometric in relation to the body length during the whole of gestation. A gradual emergence of an increasing domination of the right side of the body, in relation either to the ganglia or to the interganglionic branches was observed. There was no perceptible influence of sex on the rate of development of the part of the sympathetic trunk studied. Also an emergence of an increasing domination of the fetuses originating from the left uterine horn at the end of gestation was noted.

This contribution presents the results of morphological studies regarding the nervus accessorius and the ganglion distale nervi vagi of the sheep during the prenatal period. Special attention was paid to the roots of the brain and spinal medulla, which are implicated in the formation of the nervus accessorius, and the region of the spinal medulla in embryos at different stages of development. We investigated the relationship between the above nerve and the ganglion distale nervi vagi. The morphology of this ganglion was also investigated, and its external structure is described.

The goal of this study was the investigation into the vagus nerve structure in the ruminant stomach, and a description of the participation of this nerve in the stimulation of the atrial lymph nodes of the rumen and dorsal abomasal lymph nodes. This survey was carried out on 30 sheep fetuses, whose ages are designated according to Zietzschmann and Krölling (1955). The fetuses came from the third to fifth months of pregnancy. Observations and general morphological nature may be summarized as follows: 1. to the wall of the rumen reach atrial branches coming from both vagus trunks plus a dorsal ruminal branch, and a right ruminal branch coming from the dorsal vagus trunk, 2. the reticulum receives reticular branches, coming from both vagal trunks, 3. the omasum is innervated by omasal branches of the dorsal vagus trunk plus an omasoabomasal branch coming from the ventral vagus trunk, 4. to the wall of the abomasum reach the reticulo-abomasal and pyloric branches coming from the ventral vagus trunk plus a branch to the major abomasal curvature and a visceral abomasal branch coming from the dorsal vagus trunk, 5. arterial lymph nodes of the rumen receive innervation from the reticulo-abomasal branch or the pyloric branch, both leaving from the ventral vagus trunk, 6. dorsal abdominal lymph nodes innervated by nerve branches coming from a parietal abomasal branch, coming also from the ventral vagus trunk.