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20. Morphology, morphometry and probability mapping of the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus: an in vivo MRI analysis

Author

Tomaiuolo, F., Macdonald, J. D., Caramanos, Z., Posner, G., Chiavaras, M., Evans, A. C., and Petrides, M.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Brain Mapping, Sex Characteristics, Image Processing, Individuality, Prefrontal Cortex, Probability Theory, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Computer-Assisted
Abstract

The pars opercularis occupies the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Electrical stimulation or damage of this region interferes with language production. The present study investigated the morphology and morphometry of the pars opercularis in 108 normal adult human cerebral hemispheres by means of magnetic resonance imaging. The brain images were transformed into a standardized proportional steoreotaxic space (i.e. that of Talairach and Tournoux) in order to minimize interindividual brain size variability. There was considerable variability in the shape and location of the pars opercularis across brains and between cerebral hemispheres. There was no significant difference or correlation between left and right hemisphere grey matter volumes. There was also no significant difference between sex and side of asymmetry of the pars opercularis. A probability map of the pars opercularis was constructed by averaging its location and extent in each individual normalized brain into Talairach space to aid in localization of activity changes in functional neuroimaging studies.

Published
1999

22. Elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA-125 in a patient with multivisceral tuberculosis

Author

Mansour, M., Linden, E. R., Colby, S., Posner, G., and Marsh, F.

Subjects
Leiomyoma, Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal, CA-125 Antigen, Uterine Neoplasms, Antitubercular Agents, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Research Article, Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Abstract

A case of a middle-aged African-American woman with weight loss, ascites, a bilateral pleural effusion with no infiltrate, and a clinical diagnosis of a metastatic gynecological tumor is presented. Her carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA-125 levels were elevated (400 micrograms/L and 331 micrograms/L, respectively). She underwent an exploratory laparotomy and a dilation & curettage for biopsies and cultures. Pathological examination showed Langhans' type giant cells on peritoneal biopsy. An endometrial curette biopsy showed granulomatous endometritis and acid-fast bacilli. Cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient presented with a fibroid tumor that could have contributed to her elevated CA-125 level, but after antituberculous treatment was started and tumor markers were repeated after 1 year, the CEA level decreased to 1.2 micrograms/L and CA-125 to 9 micrograms/L without surgical resection of the tumor. A review of the literature revealed only three cases in which patients had elevated CA-125 in multivisceral tuberculosis. No cases were reported in which both CEA and CA-125 levels were elevated in multivisceral tuberculosis. Possible causes of elevated CEA and CA-125 levels are discussed.

Published
1997

23. Psychological burden in the era of Haart : Impact of selenium therapy

Author

Shor-Posner, G., Lecusay, Robert, Miguez, M. J., Moreno-Black, G., Zhang, G. Y., Rodriguez, N., Burbano, X., Baum, M., Wilkie, F., Shor-Posner, G., Lecusay, Robert, Miguez, M. J., Moreno-Black, G., Zhang, G. Y., Rodriguez, N., Burbano, X., Baum, M., and Wilkie, F.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the impact of nutritional (selenium) chemoprevention on levels of psychological burden (anxiety, depression, and mood state) in HIV/AIDS. Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled selenium therapy (200 mug/day) trial was conducted in HIV+ drug users from 1998-2000. Psychosocial measures (STAI-State and Trait anxiety, BDI-depression, and POMS- mood state), clinical status (CD4 cell count, viral load), and plasma selenium levels were determined at baseline and compared with measurements obtained at the 12-month evaluation in 63 participants (32 men, 31 women). Results: The majority of the study participants reported elevated levels of both State (68%) and Trait (70%) anxiety. Approximately 25% reported overall mood distress (POMS > 60) and moderate depression (BDI > 20). Psychological burden was not influenced by current drug use, antiretroviral treatment, or viral load. At the 12-month evaluation, participants who received selenium reported increased vigor (p = 0.004) and had less anxiety (State, p = 0.05 and Trait, p = 0.02), compared to the placebo-treated individuals. No apparent selenium-related affect on depression or distress was observed. The risk for state anxiety was almost four times higher, and nearly nine times greater for trait anxiety in the placebo-treated group, controlling for antiretroviral therapy, CD4 cell decline (> 50 cells) and years of education. Conclusions: Selenium therapy may be a beneficial treatment to decrease anxiety in HIV+ drug users who exhibit a high prevalence of psychological burden.

Published
2003
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