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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are viewed as potential compounds for the treatment of bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the successful translation of AMPs into clinical applications has been impeded primarily due to their low stability in biological environments and potential toxicological concerns at higher concentrations. The covalent attachment of AMPs to a material's surface has been sought to improve their stability. However, it is still an open question what is required to best perform such an attachment and the role of the support. In this work, six different AMPs were covalently attached to a long-ranged ordered amphiphilic hydrogel, with their antibacterial efficacy evaluated and compared to their performance when free in solution. Among the tested AMPs were four different versions of synthetic end-tagged AMPs where the sequence was altered to change the cationic residue as well as to vary the degree of hydrophobicity. Two previously well-studied AMPs, Piscidin 1 and Omiganan, were also included as comparisons. The antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus remained largely consistent between free AMPs and those attached to surfaces. However, the activity pattern against Pseudomonas aeruginosa on hydrogel surfaces displayed a marked contrast to that observed in the solution. Additionally, all the AMPs showed varying degrees of hemolytic activity when in solution. This activity was entirely diminished, and all the AMPs were non-hemolytic when attached to the hydrogels.

Anatomical findings from 28 breast specimens of female corpses have shown a thin horizontal fibrous septum, originating from the pectoral fascia along the level of the fifth rib, heading toward the nipple. This fibrous septum lies in between a cranial and a caudal vascular network, and being mesentery-like, it is responsible for the supply of the nipple areola complex. The cranial vascular sheet is supplied by the thoracoacromial artery and a branch of the lateral thoracic artery, whereas the caudal sheet is supplied by perforating branches from anastomoses of intercostal arteries. The fibrous septum is also a guiding structure for the main supplying nerve of the nipple. At its borders the septum curves upward into a vertical medial and lateral ligament, which attach the breast to the sternum and the lateral edge of pectoralis minor. These ligaments also contain a regular nerve and vascular supply. In their total, the fibrous septum and its ligaments form a sling of dense connective tissue that acts as a brassiere-like suspensory system. These two structures, the fibrous sling and the vascular and nervous membranes attached to it, are consistent anatomical findings, which have not been described before. Their knowledge could be of value and relevance in clinical application.

This study reports the influence of the retroversion angle on the postoperative stability in 50 patients operated on for recurrent shoulder dislocations. Fifty-two shoulders were reviewed by radiographic and clinical examinations. Particular attention was focused on humeral head retroversion, shoulder stability, and range of motion in relation to surgical technique. The retroversion angle was significantly reduced in 30 of 47 shoulders, for which satisfactory radiographs could be achieved. Mean humeral head retroversion was 24 degrees for both dominant and nondominant shoulders. Forty-eight of 52 reexamined shoulders became stable. Four had remaining instability following a Putti-Platt procedure, with a mean retroversion angle of 18 degrees. A reduced humeral head retroversion is therefore proposed as an important factor in creating instability, and may be one explanation for failed stability after soft tissue repair. Irrespective of the type of surgical procedure (Bristow or Putti-Platt), there was a significant decrease in range of shoulder rotation in the operated shoulder compared to the contralateral stable shoulder and to reference values for normal controls. However, decreased rotation was not found to impair shoulder function, and 48 of the 50 reexamined patients generally improved after surgery.

In the rabbit, intraarterial infusion of 5 micrograms/min of terbutaline within the first two hours after moderate thermal injury prevents edema and reduces augmented lymph flow, lymphatic protein transport, and tissue fluid protein concentration. Terbutaline, however, fails to prevent edema 4 hours after thermal injury although the increase of leg volume (24%) is less than in the untreated, burned control leg (56%). A higher dose of terbutaline (15 micrograms/min) also fails to block edema 4 hours after burning and its effect on leg volume, lymph flow, and lymphatic protein concentration is similar to that of 5 micrograms/min infusion. Terbutaline does not alter the extent of tissue injury after burning as the increase in tissue fluid lactic dehydrogenase and potassium are similar with "treated" and "untreated" burns.

In 11 patients with biliary endoprosthesis, hepatobiliary scintigraphy with dimethyliminodiacetic acid (HIDA) was performed 16 times because of an increase in the serum bilirubin level. For the demonstration of dysfunction of the endoprosthesis, this method proved to have the same sensitivity as transhepatic cholangiography, which was performed as control examination. Therefore, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, a noninvasive and well-tolerated examination, can be recommended as a primary diagnostic tool in addition to ultrasonography for assessment of the drainage function of the biliary endoprosthesis.