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This paper provides a comprehensive review of truck appointment scheduling models and algorithms that support truck appointment systems (TASs) at container terminals. TASs have become essential tools for minimizing congestion, reducing wait times, and improving operational efficiency at the port and maritime industry. This review systematically categorizes and evaluates existing models and optimization algorithms, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and applicability in various operational contexts. We explore deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid models, as well as exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic algorithms. By synthesizing the latest advancements and identifying research gaps, this paper offers valuable insights for academics and practitioners aiming to enhance TAS efficiency and effectiveness. Future research directions and potential improvements in model formulation are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid technological changes and globalized supply chains, intelligent and adaptable logistics systems are crucial, particularly at seaports. Container terminals face increasing volumes and demands, leading to potential truck congestion and long queues. Automation offers a solution by optimizing port performance and adapting to dynamic conditions, though port digitalization is complex due to diverse stakeholders and information flows. This work is part of the digital transformation of the Port of Sines - Portugal, specifically in the Smart Gate concept context. For this purpose, the Port of Sines Administration, together with other partners, has established the prerequisite of a pre-gate, which is currently being analysed from the point of view of its processes, the technologies to be included and the information models to be supported. This work aims to dynamically analyse the pre-gate model by testing different scenarios to propose improvements to the inherent processes using simulation. The study culminated in a discrete-event simulation model with Anylogic software to predict pre-gate behaviour and foresee potential issues. By testing various scenarios and evaluating their effects on key performance indicators, this model supports the continuous improvement of pre-gate processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent logistical systems are crucial for adapting to technological advancements and global supply chains, particularly at seaports. Automation can maximize port efficiency and adapt to changing circumstances, but port digitalisation is challenging due to the various parties and information flows involved. The port of Sines in Portugal is undergoing a digital transformation, specifically about the Smart Gate concept. The port administration and partners have developed a pre-gate, which is being examined for operations, technologies, and information models. This work uses simulation to analyse the pre-gate model dynamically. The discrete-event simulation model, using Anylogic software (version 8.9.0), forecasts possible problems and predicts pre-gate behaviour, facilitating ongoing enhancement of pre-gate procedures. The considered scenarios vary in two factors: the processing time at the bottleneck process and the number of active lanes at the same point. Four of the twenty tested alternatives were identified as balanced. Results allow drawing conclusions on the number of lanes to be open to prevent congestion, particularly when processing times increase. The study highlights the benefits of simulating complex systems to improve operations. Future work could involve adjusting parameters, incorporating advanced optimisation techniques, and expanding evaluated metrics. The ultimate goal is to develop a reliable digital twin for the port. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, offshore wind power has become increasingly relevant as a key alternative for contributing to the global economy's decarbonization. Also, the accelerated technological development of the offshore wind turbine influences the increase in size and weight of its main components. This requires an appropriate port infrastructure to support the installation, operation, and maintenance and future decommissioning of offshore wind farms, and especially to serve as an area for manufacturing these components, addressing logistical challenges associated with land transport. This research aims to identify the factors that characterize a suitable port to support the offshore wind industry, also bringing the new green port industry concept. A systematic literature review was conducted via analyses of 126 documents, and a survey procedure was applied to validate the proposed model. As a result, a characterization model was proposed that includes 71 factors classified into 6 dimensions: physical characteristics, port layout, connectivity, port operation, port–farm performance optimization, and governance for sustainability, which is the main novelty of this study. The results contribute to the advancement of the offshore wind energy sector and can provide significant benefits for regional development and local communities with offshore wind potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of sustainable port operations in two countries, utilizing econometric models, including the stochastic frontier and Cobb–Douglas models, to examine critical elements such as the number of empty containers and vessel traffic. These factors, driven by globalization, significantly impact the environmental and social dynamics within port operations. By integrating these models, this study assesses efficiency and sustainability, addressing methodological gaps in existing research, particularly in the quantification and generalization of CO2 emissions. Findings indicate that, despite differences in port management and operations, CO2 levels can be estimated using operational variables without the need for complete CO2 traceability throughout the logistics chain. This study concludes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating international environmental standards into port operations and recommends the use of econometric models as tools for assessing and managing port sustainability effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the current automated guided vehicle (AGV) charging strategy at automated terminals, which is not fully coordinated with the distributed power supply, a joint optimization method of AGV logistics scheduling and orderly charging is proposed. First, the synergetic relationship between AGV logistics scheduling and charging scheduling is analyzed, and a joint optimization framework is built. Then, a method to calculate the distance traveled by AGVs while considering the segregation requirements of trucks inside and outside the terminal is proposed. Afterwards, for the AGV charging module, the judgment conditions of AGV charging status and the pile selection method are defined. Furthermore, to minimize the cost of purchasing electricity at the terminal, a joint optimization model of logistics scheduling and orderly charging is constructed by considering time-of-use tariff, distributed power feed-in tariff, power balance constraint, state of charge constraint at the termination moment, upper and lower bound constraints of decision variables, and logistics scheduling constraint. Finally, a fast solution method based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, of which the effectiveness and economic efficiency are verified by an actual case of a terminal.

Port logistics is a highly human-centered, complex and flexible business process. Existing research on process mining has the problem of automatically discovering low quality process models, and lacks support for systematic root cause analysis of process deviations, which results in a weak ability to analyze process deviations in ports. To address this issue, this paper proposed a process mining method framework for root cause analysis of process deviation in port logistics. The method was based on event logs for port logistics activity statistics, used Split Miner and Inductive Miner to discover the actual process model, used the alignment method to identify the process deviation, combined the classification decision tree and Sankey diagram to conduct root cause analysis on process deviations. Through the practical application in a large port logistics pick-up process, the results show that the method can discover more details of the actual execution process to provide support for the root cause analysis of process deviation, and carry out a systematic root cause analysis of process deviation. The method strengthens the capability of analyzing process deviations in port logistics, which in turn reduces the risk of port logistics management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (1006-2467) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a metaheuristic approach for solving an optimization problem that arises at container terminals where straddle carriers (SCs) transport containers between the stacking areas and the seaside. In such container terminals, operational efficiency depends mainly on SC routing. SCs routes should consider the order in which containers are unloaded and loaded at the quay cranes (QCs), taking into account the limited capacity of the buffer area of each QC where containers are temporarily stored after being handled by a QC or an SC. Besides the precedence relations (i.e., container sequences) and buffer capacities, the solution framework considers safety constraints. Efficient routing of SCs directly contributes to minimizing the idle time of QCs, thereby improving their overall productivity and minimizing the turnaround time of vessels, which is the objective of the problem. Specifically, we present two different variants of the Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm. Each variant is initialized in both a greedy and a random manner. These algorithms address the problem by incorporating four LS operators commonly utilized in vehicle routing problems. We perform a comparative analysis of the results of these four approaches against each other and against solutions generated by an exact solver. Our numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms perform better than the used solver, especially for bigger instances. A comparison with the results from the literature is also given and shows that the proposed VNS-based approach provides competitive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a decision support strategy using in synergy Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models with the Cost–Benefit Analysis (CBA), to support investments for improving efficiency and turnover of logistic systems such as ports. The system of interest is described using the Unified Modelling Language, and then it is modelled, simulated, and validated in a simulation environment. The outputs of the DES are used in the formulas of the CBA to make decisions not only based on the logistic performance indicators but also on the costs and environmental benefits. The proposed approach is applied to a case study describing the port of Bari, in southern Italy. The results highlight how the facility processes are affected by some internal variables, like traffic congestions and trucks managing policies. DES is used to evaluate and test some new policies and scenarios, considering different inbound trucks arrival, increasing equipment and human resources. Using the outputs of the simulations, the investment priorities are evaluated by the CBA support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is the logistics of goods delivery by ports. This study presents a methodology designed to improve the efficiency of goods delivery logistics at the Bejaia port (Algeria). It prioritizes the optimization of empty container allocation to the ZEP zone, taking into account the geographical accessibility of the Tixter area, aiming to reduce the high costs linked with goods transportation. At the core of this strategy lies the use of simulation techniques to optimize truck fleets, ensuring maximum utilization rates and effective management of delivery operations by the Bejaia Mediterranean Terminal (BMT) for its clients. Addressing this challenge, the study offers an exhaustive analysis, integrating truck assignment models and accessibility assessments of logistic zones. The results highlight the paramount significance of optimal resource allocation and synchronized client coordination for achieving streamlined goods delivery. It becomes apparent that employing these methodologies can yield substantial productivity improvements, emphasizing their pivotal role in strengthening the port’s logistical infrastructure. Via rigorous analysis and insights derived from data, this study elucidates avenues towards achieving operational excellence within the logistical infrastructure of the port. By harnessing innovative strategies to confront persistent challenges, such as optimizing truck fleets and strategically allocating resources, the research anticipates a profound transformation in the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of goods delivery operations. Ultimately, the integration of these methodologies holds the potential to propel the port of Bejaia towards enduring success and a competitive edge in the ever-evolving landscape of global trade. Through extensive efforts, this strategy can be extended to other national and international ports operating under similar conditions, as it provides valuable information and methodologies to optimize logistics and transportation operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of sustainable port operations in two countries, utilizing econometric models, including the stochastic frontier and Cobb–Douglas models, to examine critical elements such as the number of empty containers and vessel traffic. These factors, driven by globalization, significantly impact the environmental and social dynamics within port operations. By integrating these models, this study assesses efficiency and sustainability, addressing methodological gaps in existing research, particularly in the quantification and generalization of CO2 emissions. Findings indicate that, despite differences in port management and operations, CO2 levels can be estimated using operational variables without the need for complete CO2 traceability throughout the logistics chain. This study concludes by emphasizing the importance of incorporating international environmental standards into port operations and recommends the use of econometric models as tools for assessing and managing port sustainability effectively.

Blockchain technology supports business processes, and several streams of research are developing on its applications in supply chain management. This paper concerns the logistics activities that take place in a port, where a variety of actors operate, interacting through an exchange of mainly paper-based documents. The most important of these is the bill of lading; a legal document defining the terms of agreement between the seller and the buyer. The bill of lading is essential to enable the flow of freight in the port of destination, from the unloading of cargo to its destination. A correct bill of lading lifecycle allows smooth terminal operations, avoiding delays and slowdowns in freight handling. Research on the impact of using blockchain technology to manage the flow of information in a port is scant and mostly theoretical. This paper analyzes the issues regarding the transmission of a bill of lading and assesses the pursuant impact of blockchain technology on the internal operations of a container terminal. The impact of blockchain technology on the bill of lading lifecycle affects crucial issues of terminal management like the enhancement of trust among parties, security and visibility. Blockchain technology-based bills of lading, compared to electronic bills of lading, enhance privacy, security, trustworthiness and flexibility. Our research methodology is based on a discrete event simulation model, built on a real-life case of the port of Livorno, Italy, where three main areas are considered: berths, ship-to-shore cranes, and container storage yards. Simulation results show that blockchain technology reduces the average container lead time in the terminal—i.e., the time from berthing to loading on rail/truck for onward transport—by 3 to 4%, reducing the maximum container dwell-time at the yard by up to 30%, thus increasing, as a consequence, the utilization rate of the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to identify and assess the vulnerability of the port logistics system itself, this paper further improves the methodology on the basis of previous studies by using the Deterministic Experimentation and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods to study the correlation between the vulnerability factors of the port logistics system, and the best-worst method (BWM) to identify the key vulnerability points of the system. The results of the study showed that in terms of the correlation between the factors, port consolidation capacity and average arrival time are the most direct factors affecting the vulnerability of the port logistics system, and the strength of government regulation and coordination and the level of port management are important indirect factors affecting the vulnerability of the port logistics system. This paper also found that port loading and unloading facilities and natural disasters are the main vulnerabilities affecting the port logistics system itself. Port enterprises should focus on reducing the vulnerability of the system by strengthening the above aspects. The model constructed in this paper can also be applied to future research on the resilience and sustainability of port logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the transformation of logistics dynamics due to the global pandemic, the attention directed toward the effects of the Arctic shipping route on Shanghai Port has intensified. This study thoroughly investigates the incorporation of the Arctic shipping route into Shanghai Port logistics, with a dedicated focus on sustainability implications in the post-pandemic era. Leveraging both gravity models and stochastic frontier gravity models, we meticulously analyze the multifaceted opportunities and challenges stemming from this integration, highlighting the pivotal roles of economic growth and geographical proximity. The empirical analysis, spanning the years 2010 to 2021, provides compelling evidence of the Arctic shipping route's positive effects on the logistical operations of Shanghai Port. The analysis highlights its potential to substantially enhance trade volumes, streamline logistical efficiency, and broaden transit options. Additionally, our assessment of the post-pandemic challenges and opportunities faced by Shanghai Port underscores its adaptability and resilience in the constantly shifting trade milieu. Overall, this study makes significant contributions by offering a comprehensive perspective on the complex interplay between economic, geographical, and external factors. The insights provided here serve as invaluable guidance for policymakers, trade analysts, and businesses that are navigating the intricacies of the contemporary global trade environment. Our findings aim to foster sustainable and resilient trade relationships, facilitating the development of port logistics in the post-pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global economic integration has accelerated frequency of trade between different countries and promoted logistics industry to quickly become another development highland. Facts have proved that logistics has been separated from production and circulation as an independent link, driven by existing technology and demand, and with its characteristics and needs of the times, logistics has formed a strong professional field. At the same time, it can also independently undertake corresponding brokerage business activities in trade exchanges. To better understand the role of port and logistics in trade, it is particularly necessary to study port logistics informatization. Considering efficiency of input and output, more attention should be paid to performance evaluation of port logistics informatization construction. Based on analysis of port logistics informatization development, evaluation index system and DEA evaluation model which can represent performance of port logistics informatization were constructed. 17 listed ports in China were taken as examples for empirical study, and suggestions for development of port logistics informatization are put forward. Results show that among 17 ports, only Tangshan port, Shenzhen port, Yantian port and Chongqing port have a technical efficiency value of 1, while the other 13 ports have a certain degree of redundancy in technical efficiency value of information input, indicating that development and construction of port logistics informatization has a very important impact on port logistics income. Efficiency value of average annual net profit indicates that the port has redundant investment in information construction, which means that construction of port logistics informatization can not only blindly pay attention to informatization input, and that shortage of informatization output will be affected by other factors to a certain extent. The more investment in informatization construction is not the better, and different ports are affected by different types of factors. Therefore, it is necessary to combine actual development status of ports and to apply right medicine to avoid insufficiency or redundancy of port input, to realize optimal investment strategy for informatization construction of port logistics. Through this study, it is expected to achieve the purpose of systematically sorting out, concluding and expanding relevant theories of port logistics informatization construction, clarifying management problems that need to be solved, indicating methods for promotion of informatization construction, and providing new ideas and reference basis for reform, transformation and upgrading of port enterprises.

With increasingly mature global supply chain network with ports as the core, competition among ports has gradually turned to the ability and efficiency of resource integration. However, there is a lack of relevant studies on how to scientifically evaluate the resource integration performance of port enterprises. To comprehensively evaluate the actual effect of port enterprises in process of resource integration, a performance evaluation system of port enterprises resource integration covering 19 secondary indicators from the four dimensions of financial integration, operational efficiency, technological innovation, and realized benefit was built, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to determine weights of various indicators and port enterprises in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong and Guangdong provinces of China were taken as samples, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) was used to evaluate its resource integration performance. Results show that technological innovation is the primary performance indicator, followed by financial integration indicators, and the impact of realization efficiency and operational efficiency indicators is relatively weak. Resource integration performances of port enterprises in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, and Guangdong are generally good. Evaluation results of sample ports reflect the actual integration of ports, and the model can effectively evaluate the performance of port enterprise resource integration. Conclusions obtained from this study provide theoretical support for the scientific performance evaluation of port enterprise resource integration.

The article is a continuation of regular research on project management based on efficient transportation. The purpose of the work is to improve the efficiency of management decision-making in the implementation of projects in transport logistics through the use of automated planning and analysis systems. The object of study is the process of forming organizational support for project management in transport logistics using automated planning and analysis systems for project efficiency. The subject of the study is the practical tools for organizational support of project management in transport logistics using automated systems for planning and analyzing project performance. Methods. In the course of the study, a systematic approach was implemented, general scientific methods were used, including logical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, and modeling. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the fundamental provisions of project management, management efficiency theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on project management at the micro, meso, and macro levels. Given the purpose of the work, several tasks were set and solved, in particular, the applied imperatives of resource and budget planning were outlined on the example of a logistics center based on the Odesa seaport and the project implementation was monitored in Microsoft Project. In terms of resource and budget planning, the expediency of using the method and indicators of the volume utilized is proved. The actual progress of the project against the planned indicators is analyzed. A new project was created using the Microsoft Project software and data entry method. In terms of monitoring, conclusions were drawn on the course of events in the project implementation and the status of implementation by individual types of work was clearly shown. All this made it possible to achieve concrete results. In terms of resource and budget planning, it was determined to what extent there is a deviation from the planned project implementation timeframe. In terms of monitoring, the need to optimize staffing, budget, and time parameters was identified. The essence of this optimization boils down to the decision to attract additional labor resources with the corresponding cost of work per hour. This made it possible to get rid of the conflict and obtain positive dynamics in the project implementation, as evidenced by the date of its completion, which remained unchanged after the resources were equalized. The need to continue the study and focus on project risk management is outlined.

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific development can be extracted from published literature through its footprints. The information visualisation software, CiteSpace, was used to study relevant data in the field of port logistics from 2000 to 2020 in the Web of Science database, including literature, keywords, co-cited literature, etc., to generate visual knowledge mapping. The number of publications has increased annually, and the growth rate has accelerated since 2015. The country with the largest number of papers is China, followed by the United States and South Korea. China's Shanghai Maritime University has the most published literature. The productive author (with the most published papers so far) is Jasmine Siu Lee Lam. Keywords, such as modelg, management, systems, performance, transport, supply chain, and optimization are the most frequently used. Research hotspots mainly focused on simulation, transportation, location, ports-hinterland, supply chain management, service, allocation, policy, integration, and so on. Finally, we highlighted the potential directions for future research to aid readers and other researchers and provide them with some references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main channel of global cargo transportation, the coordinated development of the logistics and hinterland economy of coastal ports is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of countries (regions). The improvement in port logistics' performance lays the foundation for the smooth transportation of goods. The improvement in coastal port infrastructure facilities will also effectively reduce the resource loss and carbon emissions generated in the process of cargo handling and turnover. Aiming at researching the coordinated development of coastal port logistics and the hinterland economy, this paper constructs the index system of Shenzhen port logistics and Shenzhen's economic development, selects the relevant data from 1996 to 2020, uses the grey correlation model to analyze the internal correlation between Shenzhen port logistics and Shenzhen's economic development, constructs the system order degree model and the coupling coordination model, explores their coordinated development degree and collaborative trend, and further selects the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test to verify the development relationship between the two, and puts forward relevant suggestions to promote the sustainable development of port logistics and the hinterland economy. The empirical results show that there is a high correlation between Shenzhen port logistics and Shenzhen's economic development, the degree of coordinated development is increasing year by year, and there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the two, which has the characteristics of mutual promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In Industry 4.0 era, many existing port logistics systems are inconsistent, old and ineffective and it restricts the effective operations of port logistics. The study aims to understand the issues faced by the players/actors of port logistics in the Industry 4.0 era for emerging economies and to develop a conceptual framework for managing the port logistics issues associated with it and by providing their possible solutions. Design/methodology/approach: The study is divided into two parts, first part deals with identifying the major port logistics issues in Industry 4.0 era for emerging economies. It is achieved by conducting a semi-structured interview during the field visit to one of the major container handling ports in India. Second, the study adopts Soft System Methodology (SSM) to understand the issues and challenges faced by various actors of port logistics in the Industry 4.0 era and uses CATWOE analysis to identify the root causes. Findings: Issues related to loading/unloading, transit, storage (warehouse), customs clearance, regulatory authorities, port management unit and inland transport connection providers are considered in the study and using SSM a final implementable model has been developed. This study focuses on analyzing and understanding the complete communication and organization structure of the port logistics system. The study identifies the major issues, various inefficiencies and root causes faced by various actors of port logistics during information sharing, cargo movement, the arrangement of the cargo shipments, etc. Further, the study develops a final implementable model by combining the delivery system, criteria system and Industry 4.0-enabled system. Research limitations/implications: The study enables concerned authorities like state government, central government and policymakers to have a profound understanding of the issues faced by the actors of the port logistics system. The study brings out valuable insights that help managers and stakeholders to make informed decisions for managing the port logistics issues and develop necessary policies aimed to deliver the cargoes in right place at right time. The current study also has some limitations because of sensitivity associated with concerned areas, due to its confidentiality, lack of availability of complete data and the nonsharing attitude of respondents. Further, the study was conducted only for private container shipping terminals and public container terminals were not included. Originality/value: This research analyzes the port logistics sector as a whole system through SSM to identify issues and challenges faced by various actors of port logistics for emerging economies in the Industry 4.0 era. The study develops a comprehensive and integrated framework for reducing the unpredictability of costs and time for key processes. Further, the framework creates a transparent platform and helps in bringing standardization to ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to identify and assess the vulnerability of the port logistics system itself, this paper further improves the methodology on the basis of previous studies by using the Deterministic Experimentation and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods to study the correlation between the vulnerability factors of the port logistics system, and the best-worst method (BWM) to identify the key vulnerability points of the system. The results of the study showed that in terms of the correlation between the factors, port consolidation capacity and average arrival time are the most direct factors affecting the vulnerability of the port logistics system, and the strength of government regulation and coordination and the level of port management are important indirect factors affecting the vulnerability of the port logistics system. This paper also found that port loading and unloading facilities and natural disasters are the main vulnerabilities affecting the port logistics system itself. Port enterprises should focus on reducing the vulnerability of the system by strengthening the above aspects. The model constructed in this paper can also be applied to future research on the resilience and sustainability of port logistics.

Copyright of Science Technology & Industry / Keji he Chanye is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Floating offshore wind is an emerging technology that holds considerable potential to utilise areas deeper than 60 m for sustainable energy generation. As the floating offshore wind turbine industry continues to develop and grow, the capabilities of established port facilities need to be assessed as to their ability to support the expanding construction and installation requirements. This article assesses current infrastructure requirements and projected changes to port facilities that may be required to support the floating offshore wind industry. Understanding the infrastructure needs will help to identify the port-related requirements. Floating offshore wind turbines can be installed further out to sea and in deeper waters than traditional fixed offshore wind arrays, meaning they can take advantage of stronger winds and additional sea locations. Separate ports are required for substructure construction and fit-out of the turbines and maintenance. Large areas are required, about twice the plan area of the structure, for the laydown of mooring equipment, inter array cables, turbine blades and nacelles. The capabilities of established port facilities to support floating wind farms can be assessed by evaluation of size of substructures, height of wind turbine with regards to the cranes for fitting of blades, distance to offshore site and offshore installation vessel characteristics. Spar, barge, TLP and semisubmersible types have been deployed as demonstration units. Pre commercial units have been installed off the coasts of Portugal and the east coast of Scotland. This article reviews and defines the port and shipyard requirements for floating offshore wind turbines. It will support decision-makers to guide port infrastructure investments and project developers in their site selections. There up to 15 port functions that need to be considered, for construction, assembly and support of offshore activities. These could be fulfilled by one or a combination of different ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote the construction of new development patterns of dual circulation and to accelerate the smooth flow of logistics channels, port logistics has become a new growth point for the logistics industry that accelerates the connection between domestic and foreign dual circulation. Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, as one of the main hub ports in China, is facing the key issue of how to clarify its current development status and future development direction. To scientifically measure and evaluate the status quo of the logistics development of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the development and construction of the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port logistics industry, based on the situation of new standards and new requirements for the logistics industry in the dual circulation pattern, this study firstly constructs a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system of port logistics from seven aspects, including port infrastructure, international logistics capacity, and smart logistics capacity. An integrated comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) is then proposed, and a comprehensive evaluation and longitudinal comparative analysis of the logistics level of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port are carried out. The results show that the development of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port in recent years is in line with that of many other ports due to the benefit of green logistics capacity, but it is seriously limited by smart logistics capabilities, and in the future, it should choose to continue to exert efforts in international logistics capabilities, green logistics capabilities, and total logistics capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ports are important hubs in logistics and supply chain systems, where the majority of the available data is still not being fully exploited. Container throughput is the amount of work done by the TEU and the ability to handle containers at a minimal cost. This capacity of container throughput is the most important part of the scale of services, which is a crucial factor in selecting port terminals. At the port container terminal, it is necessary to allocate an appropriate number of available quay cranes to the berth before container ships arrive at the port container terminal. Predicting the size of a ship is especially important for calculating the number of quay cranes that should be allocated to ships that will eventually dock at the port terminal. Machine learning techniques are flexible tools for utilizing and unlocking the value of the data. In this paper, we used neighborhood component analysis as a tool for feature selection and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for multiclass classification. The paper proposes a novel two-stage approach for estimating and predicting vessel size based on container capacity. Our proposed approach revealed seven unique features of port data, which are the essential parameters for the identification of the vessel size. We obtained the highest average classification accuracy of 97.6% with the linear support vector machine classifier. This study paves a new direction for research in port logistics incorporating machine learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the highly topical issue of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on port logistics. The impacts are reflected in all three pillars of sustainable operations and development that port logistics should pursue. The economic impact is strong and is reflected in the extremely high transport prices, the accessibility of transport, the lengthening of the supply chain, and the reduced liquidity of companies. The social aspect is very important regarding working conditions and workers' roles in ports and logistics service providers (LSPs). The dynamic changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic also have an impact on the environmental aspect. As supply chains are vulnerable, more attention is paid to the components of time, price, and reliability than greener transportation. This study highlights changes in port logistics due to the COVID-19 pandemic in logistics companies in the northern Adriatic region and covers a specific gap in the understanding of the sustainable adaptations of LSPs in their operations within port logistics. The results enrich the scientific field regarding LSPs to work processes, the digitalization of business processes, and the organization of logistics chains. The results can be used to develop new sustainable business models for port logistics and port governance, as some researchers have already called for because port logistics too often pursue the economic goals of the fastest and cheapest logistics process. At the same time, social and environmental aspects are somewhat neglected. The changes are particularly pronounced in critical situations, such as those typical of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted as part of the project about green port development with external research funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good port terminal is not only a major economic multiplier for the nation's prosperity by being a gateway for trading, but is also an attractor for other commercial infrastructure development such as banks, logistics agencies, and manufacturing and trading investments. A measurement of the efficiency of a terminal is the duration-of-stay of visiting vessels. A quick and efficient loading/unloading process can increase productivity and thus reduce the waiting time for a vessel. In this study, we address the space allocation for stacking export containers. If the storage layout and the loading plan work well together, the productivity of the terminal can be increased and the duration-of-stay needed for each visiting vessel is reduced. In this paper, we propose a hybrid storage policy combining class-dedicated and sharing strategies, and construct a stochastic programming model using the concept of recourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greater flow of containers in global supply chains requires ever-increasing productivity at port terminals. The research found in the literature has focused on optimizing specific parts of port operations but has ignored important features, such as the stack-wise organization of containers in a container ship and port yard and the effects of interconnection among the operations in both places. The objective of this paper is to show the importance of designing an integrated plan of the container relocation problem at the port yard with the stowage planning problem for loading and unloading a ship through ports. Both individual problems are NP-Complete, and exact approaches for each problem are only able to find optimal or feasible solutions for small instances. We describe a simulation-optimization methodology that combines simulation, a genetic algorithm, and a new solution representation based on rules. The test results show that the solution from the integrated plan is mutually beneficial for port yards and ship owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport is considered an essential element of the economy and one of the most important in the logistics cost of companies. Given this importance, the main objective of this work is to analyze the feasibility between investing in a trailer of its own or maintaining the outsourced service to make the transshipment of containers from Rio Grande/RS to Paraí/RS. The research methodology began with the analysis of the current situation of the company in the transport of containers, through data collection, and budgeting with suppliers for later analysis of the costs. Finally, the project's cash flow was prepared, which supports the calculations of the net present value, internal rate of return, and payback, enabling the analysis of the economic viability of the investment in the use of own transport. As a result, the investment is viable and profitable, with an Internal Rate of Return of 43%, and a simple payback of 2.74 years, considered small compared to the capital to be invested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]