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This study aims to evaluate the impact of port activity on local employment in Spain. To do so, we have used a novel panel data at the functional urban areas (FUAs) level, considering cities' functional and economic extent based on daily people's movements. We have estimated a set of equations related to the port throughput-employment relationship for 2010-2020. Several estimation techniques are applied to different employment equation specifications to check the robustness of the results to the methodology employed. Additionally, three different samples have been used to assess whether the results significantly change when non-port FUAs are considered. Our results are robust to the different specifications, finding that employment elasticity to port activity ranges between 0.005 and 0.008. We find that industrial employment is more sensitive to changes in the volume of port operations than total or service employment. Finally, the analysis shows that the results significantly change when non-port FUAs are not considered in the analysis.

Actualmente, el 80% de los bienes comercializados son transportados por mar. Así como, el 40% del comercio intraeuropeo. Sin embargo, en marzo de 2020 este sector colapsó repentinamente, causando grandes distorsiones en el panorama productivo mundial. Por ello, el objeto de este estudio es identificar y valorar aquellos factores económicos y propios de la industria, que afectan al sector de transporte marítimo. Para llevar a cabo un estudio de panel se han tomado como referencia 23 países europeos (22 estados miembros de la UE y Reino Unido). Los resultados sugieren que el desarrollo económico, tanto de los países occidentales como de las economías en desarrollo, así como las mejoras de productividad contribuyen a aumentar el volumen de bienes gestionado por los puertos europeos. El aumento de la flota mundial, siempre y cuando se adapten las instalaciones portuarias y se aumenten el resto de los factores productivos implicados proporcionalmente, muestra signo positivo. Finalmente, el precio del petróleo conlleva efectos contractivos dada la falta de bienes sustitutivos. Así mismo, se espera que la conectividad de los puertos y la concentración de comercio fomenten la actividad de este sector, pero, esto no puede ser afirmado estadísticamente. Nowadays, 80% of traded goods are shipped by sea. In Europe, around 40% of goods traded among EU members, are seaborne. However, in March 2020 this sector was abruptly stopped causing important disturbances in global supply schemes. For this reason, this paper aims to identify and assess those economic and industry-related factors which shape the shipping industry and eventually, transportation costs. To conduct panel data analysis, 23 European countries (22 EU state members and the UK) have been taken as reference. Results suggest that western and developing economies’ growth, as well as productivity gains contributes to enlarge maritime transportation of goods. Also, global fleet growth affects positively port activity as long as, port facilities can accommodate larger ships and other production factors are proportionally enlarged. Finally, oil prices entail a contracting effect due to the lack of available substitutes. Other aspects like port connectiveness and trade concentration are expected to foster trade although, it cannot be statistically asserted. Graduado o Graduada Internacional en Administración y Dirección de Empresas / Graduado o Graduada Internacional en Economía por la Universidad Pública de Navarra Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritzan Nazioarteko Graduatua / Ekonomian Nazioarteko Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoan

The article characterizes the current state and problematic aspects of public administration of maritime and related port activities in Ukraine. The urgency of the issue is due to the ongoing crisis in the legal and administrative regulation of these areas. The aim of the article is to establish optimal models and tools for constructing a new system of public administration of the maritime industry, taking into account international standards and best practices. The methodological basis of the research is formed by a system of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific research (historical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction and forecasting). The article draws special attention to the fact that the declared revival and maintenance of the status of Ukraine as a maritime state, the development of its maritime trade and naval potential can not occur only due to situational changes in response to crisis events or to accelerate the decision of problems which have not been resolved for decades. Here, a different, systemic approach to both legal regulation and the practice of implementing the adopted legal norms should be introduced, a new approach to public administration of the entire industry. The author classifies measures to overcome the port crisis in Ukraine into financial, infrastructural and operational ones. It is proposed to repurpose the legal regulation and law enforcement practices to support public sector entities and seafarers-citizens of Ukraine, as well as to simplify formalities in the ports of Ukraine. The relevance of the concepts of anthropocentrism, service state and “good governance”, taking into account risk management systems at all levels for the modernization of public administration of maritime and port activities in Ukraine, is emphasized. The priority is to analyze the steps taken and systematically update the current maritime and port legislation using a “package” approach to its development. This approach enables to ensure that the interests of most maritime and port stakeholders and the state are taken into account and balanced., В статье охарактеризованы современное состояние и проблемные аспекты публичного администрирования морской и связанной с ней портовой деятельности в Украине. Актуальность рассмотренной тематики обусловлена продолжающимся кризисом в пра- вовом и управленческом обеспечении этих сфер. Задание статьи состоит в поиске оптимальных моделей и инструментов построения новой системы публичного администрирования морской отрасли с учетом мировых стандартов и лучших практик. В статье обращено внимание на то, что задекларированное возрождение и поддержание звания Украины как морской державы, развитие ее морского торгового и военно-морского потенциала не может происходить только благодаря ситуационным изменениям по резуль- татам реагирования на кризисные события или для ускоренного разрешения проблем, которые не решались десятилетиями. Здесь должен быть внедрен другой, системный, подход как к правовому регулированию, так и к практике реализации уже принятых правовых норм – новый подход к публичному администрированию всей отрасли. Автором классифицированы меры по преодолению портового кризиса в Украине: финансовые, инфраструктурные и эксплуатационные. Предложена переориентация правового регулирования и практики правоприменения на поддержку субъектов хозяйствования государственного сектора и моряков-граждан Украины, а также упрощение формальностей в портах Украины. Подчеркнута актуальность концепций человекоцентризма, сервисного государства и «good governance» с учетом систем управления рисками на всех уровнях для модернизации публичного администрирования морской и портовой деятельности в Украине. В качестве первоочередной задачи определен анализ уже предпринятых шагов, системное обновление действующего морского и портового законодательства с применением «пакетного» подхода к его разработке. Именно благодаря такому подходу будет возможным обеспечить учет и баланс интересов большинства заинтересованных субъектов морской и портовой деятельности, а также государства., У статті охарактеризовано сучасний стан та проблемні аспекти публічного адміністрування морської та пов’язаної з нею портової діяльності в Україні. Актуальність порушеної тематики обумовлено триваючою кризою у правовому та управлінському забезпеченні цих сфер. Завданням статті є пошук оптимальних моделей та інструментів побудови нової системи публічного адміністрування морської галузі з урахуванням світових стандартів та кращих практик. У статті звернуто увагу на те, що задеклароване відродження та підтримання звання України як морської держави, розбудова її морського торговельного та військово-морського потенціалу не може відбуватися лише завдяки ситуаційним змінам за результатами реагування на кризові події або з метою пришвидшеного розв’язання проблем, які не вирішувалися десятиліттями. Тут має бути запроваджений інший, системний, підхід як до правового регулювання, так й до практики реалізації прийнятих правових норм – новий підхід до публічного адміністрування усієї галузі. Автором класифіковано заходи з подолання портової кризи в Україні: фінансові, інфраструктурні та експлуатаційні. Запропоновано здійснити переорієнтацію правового регулювання та практики правозастосування на підтримку суб’єктів господарювання державного сектору та моряків-громадян України, а також спрощення формальностей у портах України. Підкреслено актуальність концепцій людиноцентризму, сервісної держави та «good governance» з урахуванням систем управління ризиками на усіх рівнях для модернізації публічного адміністрування морської та портової діяльності в Україні. Першочерговим завданням визначено аналіз здійснених кроків, системне оновлення діючого морського та портового законодавства із застосуванням «пакетного» підходу до його розробки. Саме завдяки такому підходу можливо забезпечити врахування та баланс інтересів більшості зацікавлених суб’єктів морської і портової діяльності та держави.

Historically, the maritime industry in Ukraine, which previously was subordinated to the Ministry of Transport of Ukraine and whose successor is the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, was complex of different organizations (shipping companies, ports, ship-repairing and shipbuilding factories and other related and auxiliary enterprises). They had their own organizational structures, goals and tasks and in some way interacted with each other. Such organization was aimed, first of all, at achieving target production indicators formed by the state authorities. In fact, such structure of maritime industry can be regarded as vertically integrated. When the issue of increasing the economic efficiency of the main component of the maritime industry (of the ports) was raised, the main efforts were aimed at minimizing the costs of their functioning. This led to the creation of horizontally integrated (in whole or in part) companies in the maritime industry. The driving factor for their implementation should be the transformation of organizational and economic mechanisms of regulation of the port’s activity from the point of view of a clearly defined anti-crisis character. Therefore, the goal of the study was to develop and justify the feasibility of using a model that will determine the effectiveness of the strategy of investment into the development of the organizational and economic mechanism of regulation of the port activity. The calculations of determining the best variant of an investment project under different external conditions are presented. In calculations based on certain criteria (appropriate levels of capitalization and effective dividend policies), we took into account the factors related to the expectations of the crisis in Ukraine, Ukraine’s unpreparedness to enter the new technological phase, the loss of scientific and technical personnel, inflationary phenomena and instability of the national and world currencies. In addition, within the framework of the developed model, the authors propose an algorithm that makes it possible to select the characteristics and determine the parameters of optimization of the organizational and economic mechanism of regulation of the port activity under the conditions of long-term continuation of the crisis situation.

Time series analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery made available by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) is described. Advantage is taken of a recent modification of a sequential complex Wishart-based algorithm which is applicable to the dual polarization intensity data archived on the GEE. Both the algorithm and a software interface to the GEE Python API for convenient data exploration and analysis are presented; the latter can be run from a platform independent Docker container and the source code is available on GitHub. Application examples are given involving the monitoring of anthropogenic activity (shipping, uranium mining, deforestation) and disaster assessment (flash floods). These highlight the advantages of the good temporal resolution resulting from cloud cover independence, short revisit times and near real time data availability.

El presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolla a la luz de los postulados teóricos de Saskia Sassen, como una de las principales exponentes respecto de las dinámicas de territorialización de las fuerzas de la globalización económica en localizaciones y realidades específicas. En conjunto con dichos postulados, las teorías subsidiarias de la gobernanza y los efectos derrame de los extractivismos, juegan un papel trascendental para analizar las condiciones dicotómicas de relevancia económica y pobreza social en el municipio de Buenaventura, a partir de la existencia de la infraestructura portuaria en su territorio. La realidad social que vive el municipio de Buenaventura es la resultante de la interacción de distintas circunstancias y actores, por tal motivo su explicación resulta en la complejidad de la trasposición de distintas escalas entre las que se cuentan la cultura, la historia, la economía, la geografía, la política, la violencia, entre otras. Por tal motivo, el presente trabajo constituye una aproximación al entendimiento de la interacción entre dos de las múltiples circunstancias anotadas: la existencia y desarrollo de la actividad portuaria, y las propuestas de desarrollo económico del territorio a partir de la apertura económica del país en la década de 1990. Para llevar a cabo dicho objetivo, se aplicó la metodología del análisis de contenido documental, mediante la selección de acervos textuales institucionales formales que permitiesen establecer las direcciones que tomaron las variables en relación durante el periodo de estudio. El trabajo permite inferir que el cambio en las directrices nacionales sobre los modelos de gobernanza portuaria han influido notablemente en las condiciones de vida de los habitantes del municipio de Buenaventura, esto a través de la territorialización de dichas medidas por parte de la entidad territorial municipal con sus propuestas de desarrollo local, las cuales surgen a partir de la aplicación de los instrumentos de planeación como los planes de desarrollo municipal y los planes de ordenamiento territorial. La investigación se constituye en un primer avance en la interpretación de las interrelaciones entre dos de los aspectos más relevantes en el municipio (la actividad portuaria y la pobreza persistente), sin embargo, se debe aclarar que no constituye una explicación definitiva, por el contrario, resulta ser una puerta de entrada para la postura crítica frente a la determinación de trayectorias de desarrollo para Buenaventura más allá de la dependencia de la existencia del puerto, la indagación sobre el desarrollo de las Sociedades portuaria y su relación con los territorios donde operan, y la propuesta de salidas a las precarias y persistentes condiciones de vida de las comunidades bonaverenses. This research project is based on the theoretical postulates from Saskia Sassen (one of the most important representatives of the dynamics of territorialisation of the forces of economic globalization in specific locations and realities). In conjunction with these postulates, the subsidiary theories on governance and the effects produced from the extractivism, both play a remarkable role to analyze the dichotomous conditions between economic significance and social poverty for the municipality of Buenaventura based on the existence of a port infrastructure in its territory. The social reality of the municipality of Buenaventura is the result of different interactions of circumstances and scenarios, therefore, its interpretation results in the complexity of transposition of different scales between culture, history, economics, geography, politics, and violence, among others. For this reason, this project intends to help better comprehend the interaction between two of the multiple circumstances already mentioned: the existence and the development of the port activity and the economical development proposals of the territory from the economic opening of the country in the 1990s. To achieve this objective, the methodology of the analysis of documentary content was applied during the selection of formal institutional textual collections that allowed the establishment of the directions taken by the variables during the period of study. The project allows us to infer that the changes in the national directives on models of port governance have significantly influenced the living conditions of the population in the municipality of Buenaventura. These changes are the result of the territorialisation of those directives adopted by the municipal entity with its proposals for local development, which arise from the application of planning instruments like municipal and territorial development plans. This research is a first step forward in the interpretation of the interrelations between two of the most relevant aspects in the municipality (the port activity and the persistent poverty). It is not a definitive explanation, but rather a gateway for a critical approach against the determination of development trajectories for Buenaventura beyond the dependence on the existence of the port, the inquiry about the development of the Port Societies and their relationship with the territories where they operate, and the proposal towards solutions to the poor and persistent living conditions of the Buenaventura communities. Magister en Planeación Para el Desarrollo http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Maestría

Se evaluó la composición, abundancia y diversidad de la comunidad zooplanctónica en tres áreas portuarias del Pacifico colombiano (Buenaventura, Tumaco y Bahía Solano) y su relación con variables ambientales y de tráfico marítimo, con el fin de establecer asociaciones entre especies potencialmente introducidas con la magnitud de la actividad portuaria. Se realizaron dos muestreos (septiembre-octubre 2016, y junio-julio 2017), durante los cuales 108 muestras de zooplancton fueron colectadas con arrastres superficiales (con red de 130 µm) en 3 zonas portuarias y 3 zonas de referencia. Adicionalmente, se midieron diferentes variables fisicoquímicas en la superficie, como salinidad, temperatura, clorofila-a, nutrientes, transparencia, oxígeno disuelto y saturación de oxígeno. En total se identificaron 128 taxa, correspondientes a 44 familias y 9 phyla, de los cuales 3 son posiblemente nuevas especies de copépodos para la ciencia Acartia ns moana, Bestiolina ns sarae y Parvocalanus ns sp y 35 son nuevos reportes para el Pacífico colombiano, 23 especies catalogadas como “criptogénicas” y 12 como “no-nativas”. El phylum Arthropoda (77%) fue el de mayor riqueza de taxa para las tres áreas, específicamente con los órdenes Calanoida, Poecilostomatoida y Harpacticoida. Le siguieron en orden de importancia el phylum Annelida (7%) y Ciliophora (5%), mientras que los menos abundantes y frecuentes fueron Cnidaria, Echinodermata y Foraminifera (

Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2019-01-16T12:36:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaGalvão.pdf: 2491090 bytes, checksum: 584f83129ca2cb3af80a8659d4634ce3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-16T12:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaGalvão.pdf: 2491090 bytes, checksum: 584f83129ca2cb3af80a8659d4634ce3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-22 Ballast water in several countries has caused damage to the marine environment, health and the economy. With this research approach is the potential environmental risks posed by this type of product dumped in coastal environmental system, with the object of investigation the transition relation between land and sea, characterized as an environment susceptible to several factors of risk by the water discharged from ships is danger to the environment, in that it could jeopardize the fauna and native aquatic flora where water is poured and will interfere with the development of marine species, in addition to transport of endemic diseases. In light of the significant increase in the movement of ships in the bay of São Marcos and the port system of the city of Sao Luis - MA, the concern is necessary and providential, given the significant local biodiversity, and taking into account the interdependence between trade countries is of paramount importance to analyze this problem, noting international treaties and agreements so as to minimize environmental damage and civil society. The overall objective of the study was to demonstrate that this threat is constant in our seas and oceans, seeing the effectiveness of checks on ballast water management in the local context, national and international. The methodological research support includes the study: hypothetical-deductive, with a qualitative approach, including exploratory and descriptive research, through interviews maritime authority, document and literature review. The control and mitigating the effects of ballast water are dependent on the effectiveness of legislative applicability of law, in particular international environmental law in line with the port activity, as a legal instrument for protection of the coastal environment. A água de lastro em diversos países tem ocasionado danos ao ambiente marinho, à saúde e a economia. Com a presente pesquisa aborda-se os riscos ambientais potenciais representados por esse tipo de produto despejado no sistema ambiental costeiro, tendo como objeto de investigação a relação de transição entre terra e mar, caracterizada como um ambiente suscetível a diversos fatores de riscos, pois a água descartada pelos navios representa perigo ao ambiente, na medida em que pode colocar em risco a fauna e a flora aquática nativa onde á água é despejada e interferir no desenvolvimento das espécies marinhas, além do transporte de doenças endêmicas. Em face do significativo aumento do movimento de navios na baía de São Marcos e no sistema portuário da cidade de São Luís-MA, a preocupação é necessária e providencial, tendo em vista a expressiva biodiversidade local, e, levando em consideração a interdependência comercial entre países é de suma relevância a análise de tal problemática, observando tratados e acordos internacionais que procuram minimizar os danos causados ao ambiente e à sociedade civil. O objetivo geral do estudo foi demonstrar que tal ameaça se torna constante nos nossos mares e oceanos, vislumbrando a efetividade da fiscalização do gerenciamento da água de lastro no contexto local, nacional e internacional. O suporte metodológico da pesquisa compreende o estudo: hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa, compreendendo pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, mediante entrevista a autoridade marítima, análise documental e bibliográfica. O controle e a mitigação dos efeitos da água de lastro são dependentes da eficácia da aplicabilidade legislativa do Direito, especialmente o Direito Ambiental Internacional em consonância com a atividade portuária, como instrumento jurídico para proteção do ambiente costeiro.

Mestrado em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais (Relatório de Estágio). Este trabalho consiste na elaboração do Relatório Final de Estágio realizado como parte integrante e conclusiva do segundo ano do Mestrado de Ciências Económicas e Empresariais leccionado na Universidade dos Açores, no polo de Ponta Delgada. O estágio desenvolveu-se na empresa Portos dos Açores S.A., na ilha de São Miguel, tendo como principal objectivo a realização de uma auditoria de marketing que permitisse inventariar oportunidades a explorar no futuro pela Portos dos Açores. Para tal efectuou-se uma análise aos elementos endógenos e exógenos à organização e a determinação dos pontos mais atractivos do negócio numa óptica de cluster do mar dos Açores. Este trabalho pela sua natureza apresenta algumas limitações que poderão ser colmatadas em trabalhos futuros, que estimem, por exemplo, o potencial da cooperação e alargamento dos intervenientes no cluster do mar. ABSTRACT: This work consists on the Final Report Stage made as part of the second year of master degree in Economic and Business Sciences though at Azores University in Ponta Delgada. The stage was developed at Portos dos Açores S.A. company, on the island of São Miguel, and the main goal was to conduct a marketing audit inventory allowing opportunities to explore by Portos dos Açores S.A. For that, it was made endogenous and exogenous analysis elements to determinate the most attractive points of the business, from the perspective of Azores sea cluster. This work by its nature has some limitations that may be addressed in future work, to estimate, for example, the potential of cooperation and widening of the actors in the cluster from the sea.

Cette étude analyse les facteurs qui influencent la taille des ports situés en aval de Québec, sur la côte sud de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Elle utilise les résultats des recherches antérieures sur la géographie portuaire et mesure les corrélations entre six facteurs et la taille portuaire. L'analyse de régression multiple propose un modèle qui rend compte de plus de 90% de la variance de la taille dans le système portuaire., The study examines the factors that affect variations in port size in the region below Québec City on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. The investigation draws upon the results of earlier studies and measures the relationships between six factors and port size. Multiple regression analysis produces a model that accounts for over 90 per cent of size variation in the port System.

Este Trabajo resume los principios de la actividad portuaria balear con una breve introducción histórica, pero sobre todo incidiendo en la importancia portuaria que España tubo con sus leyes de puertos durante los siglos XIX y XX, haciendo una disección del panorama portuario actual en el que nos encontramos en las Islas, como telón de fondo a la actual crisis económica que padecemos y la sensación de que el siguiente eslabón en la cadena será la privatización de todos los puertos de gestión directa del que este ente es regulador, pasando a ser gestionados de manera indirecta el 100% de los mismos quizás en un corto espacio de tiempo por empresas privadas. Grado en Ingeniería Náutica y Transporte Marítimo

A finalidade primeira desta dissertação é análise da governança ambiental global e brasileira frente ao caso concreto do Porto do Rio Grande. Para tanto, o trabalho se desenvolveu com a hipótese de que os instrumentos regulatórios de tutela ao meio ambiente presentes na política portuária brasileira possuem como escopo a sustentabilidade da atividade portuária, em conformidade com os ditames do programa de governança ambiental global na área portuária, o que pode ser verificado no Porto do Rio Grande – RS. O objetivo geral deste trabalho centrou-se na identificação das principais Convenções e Tratados internacionais e no ordenamento jurídico do Brasil, dos instrumentos utilizados como mecanismos de tutela do meio ambiente nas atividades portuárias, analisando a finalidade destes instrumentos, bem como desenvolver um estudo de caso do Porto do Rio Grande – RS. A natureza complexa do problema a ser investigado enseja em sua tratativa metodológica a aplicação do processo dedutivo, que permite conhecer aspectos particulares de um fenômeno, em especial atinentes aos aspectos ambiental, econômico e jurídicos decorrentes da atividade portuária. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação faz considerações a partir do conceito da governança ambiental global e enumera os tratados e acordos internacionais, bem como a legislação nacional que visam a proteção do meio ambiente aplicáveis ao subsetor portuário. Constitui o objeto de estudo o Porto do Rio Grande, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, considerado pela Secretaria Especial de Portos da Presidência da República como um dos portos mais ambientalmente responsáveis no contexto portuário nacional, um entre poucos com licença ambiental do IBAMA para operar, sendo destacados seus programas e projetos de gestão na área ambiental. Fundação Universidade de Caxias do Sul The first purpose of this dissertation is the analysis of global environmental governance and the case of the Brazilian port of Rio Grande. To this end, the work developed with the hypothesis that the regulatory instruments to protect the environment present in Brazilian ports policy have scoped the sustainability of port activity, in accordance with the dictates of the global environmental governance programme in the port area, which can be checked at the port of Rio Grande-RS. The overall objective of this work has focused on the identification of the main international conventions and treaties and the legal system of Brazil, of the instruments used as mechanisms to protect the environment in the port activities, analyzing the purpose of these instruments as well as develop a case study of the port of Rio Grande-RS. The complex nature of the problem to be investigated immediately in their methodological handling the deductive procedure, that allows to know particular aspects of a phenomenon, in particular with respect to environmental, economic and legal aspects of port activities. In this sense, this dissertation make considerations from the concept of global environmental governance, and enumerates the international treaties and agreements, as well as national legislation for the protection of the environment applicable to the subsector. The object of study is the port of Rio Grande, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, considered by the Special Secretariat of ports of the Presidency of the Republic as one of the most environmentally responsible ports in the context of national port, one of the few with IBAMA's environmental license to operate, being highlighted their programs and environmental management projects.

U ovom radu prikazan je utjecaj vanjskih sila na projektiranje luke kao jedan od izuzetno bitnih čimbenika pri samoj djelatnosti luke. Naime, jako je bitno detaljnije poznavanje pojedinih vanjskih sila koje utječu na projektiranje luka kako bi se što bolje odredila sigurnost broda u luci, sigurnost lučke djelatnosti te lučkih građevina i prekrcajnih postrojenja. Pod vanjskim silama podrazumjevaju se u prvom redu meteorološki i oceanografski uvjeti, vjetar, valovi, morske mijene, vidljivost, temperatura, vlažnost zraka te magla. Imajući u vidu sve te čimbenike, prilikom projektiranja luke mogu se predvidjeti svi negativni utjecaji za luku u daljnjoj budućnosti te ih na vrijeme spriječiti, a isto tako i uspješno poboljšati samu učinkovitost lučke djelatnosti., This paper shows influence of external forces on the port buildings design, as one of the very important factors in the port activities. In fact, it is very important detailed knowledge of specific external forces that influence on the port buildings design in order to better determine the safety of the ship in port, the safety of port operations, port construction and loading facilities. External forces imply primarily meteorological and oceanographic conditions, wind, waves, tide status, visibility, temperature, humidity and fog. Considering all these factors during the port buildings design all the negative impacts of the port in further future can be predicted and prevented, and also port operations efficiency can be improved.

RESUMEN: Se ha abordado el análisis e investigación en los protocolos notariales de datos sobre movimientos portuarios acaecidos en Santander durante el siglo XVIII. Se analizaron las múltiples interdependencias originadas como nacionalidades, intervinientes, tipología de embarcaciones, cargas transportadas y rutas adscritas.

När en kommersiell hamn byggs ut fordras omfattande muddringsarbete för att säkerställa ett brukligt djup för sjöfart. Då stora delar av muddermassorna ofta är förorenade av tungmetaller och miljögifter krävs särskilt omhändertagande av dessa. Traditionella omhändertagningsalternativ består av att deponera massorna på särskild avsedd plats på land eller tippa till havs, något som inte tillåts för förorenade sediment. En relativt ny metod är stabilisering/solidifiering (S/S) som innebär att muddermassorna behandlas med ett bindemedel för att sedan kunna användas som fyllnadsmaterial i exempelvis kajkonstruktioner. Dessa alternativ behöver noga vägas mot varandra med hänsyn till ekonomiska och miljömässiga aspekter. Föreliggande studie undersöker ventuella brister i de ekonomiska värderingar som genomförts inför utbyggandet av Oxelösunds hamn. Vidare genomförs en begränsad cost-benefit analys (CBA) för att värdera alternativen utifrån emissionsnivåer till luft och vatten. Resultatet visar att S/S innan nyttiggörande är det samhällsekonomiskt mest attraktiva alternativet. When a commercial port is expanding its activities there is need for dredging to secure a safe depth for water borne traffic. The sediments are to a large extent contaminated by metals and toxins which calls for certain treatment. Traditionally sediments have either been disposed of at a specific location on land or dumped at sea; the latter is however not permitted by law. A relatively new method is stabilization/solidification (S/S) which means that the sediments are treated using a solidifying agent after which it is possible to use the dredged materials as filling in construction of jetties. These alternatives need to be carefully compared with respect to economical and environmental aspects. This thesis investigates the potential shortcomings of conducted economical evaluations prior to the expansion of Oxelösund port. Further, a limited cost-benefit analysis is conducted to evaluate the alternatives with respect to emissions of contaminants to air and water. The results show that S/S before utilization of the dredged materials is the most attractive alternative from an economical point of view. STABCON

U radu se s povijesnog aspekta istražuje stanje u pomorskim djelatnostima, i to brodarstvu i lučkoj djelatnosti, na dubrovačkom području između dva svjetska rata. Kao i do dvadesetog stoljeća tako i u istraživanom razdoblju brodarstvo je bila djelatnost koja je najviše afirmirala gospodarstvo ovoga kraja. Bilo je oslonac cjelokupnoga gospodarstva tijesno povezan s razvojem bankarstva a stečeni kapital u pomorstvu ulagao se i u druge djelatnosti, poput hotelijerstva, ali i industrije i rudarstva, i to uglavnom izvan dubrovačkog područja. Po veličini, uspješnosti poslovanja i gospodarskom značaju izuzetne su rezultate bilježila dva vodeća pomorska poduzeća u tadašnjoj državi - Jugoslavenski Lloyd i Dubrovačka parobrodarska plovidba, koja je neposredno pred II. svjetski rat bila vodeće pomorsko poduzeće u državi, s plovnim parkom od 23 broda, procijenjena na 200 milijuna dinara. S druge strane, u lučkoj djelatnosti dubrovačka luka Gruž bila je glavna luka. Međutim, zbog izoliranosti od prirodnog zaleđa, sa zaobilaznom željeznicom slabog kapaciteta i bez suvremene lučke opreme, nije dosegla razinu tadašnjih modernih trgovačkih luka, pa je uoči II. svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji bila prva po ukupnom skladišnom prostoru, treća po lučkom prometu i broju prevezenih putnika, a na zadnjemu mjestu po opremljenosti., The paper analyses, from the historic point of view, the situation in the seaborne activities, i.e. shipping and port situation in the Dubrovnik region between the two world wars. Up to the 20th century, as well as in the analysed period, shipping trade was the most prosperous branch of economy of the region. It was the base of the total economy closely connected with the banking development. The profit was invested in shipping industry and also in other businesses such as hotel-keeping , industry and mining, mainly out of the Dubrovnik region. Two leading shipping companies – Yugoslav Lloyd and Ragusan Shipping Company were achieving outstanding results as to the size, successful management and economy in the then country. Ragusan Shipping Company was the leading shipping business concern just before the Second World War with its floating park of 23 vessels valued at 200 million dollars. On the other hand, the port of Gruž was the port of major importance. However, being isolated from the natural back countryside, with the railway line of insufficient capacity and the lack of port facilities, the port of Gruž was beyond the reach of the modern merchant ports of that time. So, on the eve of Second World War it was the first port regarding the total storage space in Yugoslavia, the third one concerning the port traffic and the carried passengers and the last one as to its equipment.

Se ha abordado el análisis e investigación en los protocolos notariales de datos sobre movimientos portuarios acaecidos en Santander durante el siglo XVIII. Se analizaron las múltiples interdependencias originadas como nacionalidades, intervinientes, tipología de embarcaciones, cargas transportadas y rutas adscritas