20 results on '"Porphyre V"'
Search Results
2. Multivariate analysis of management and biosecurity practices in smallholder pig farms in Madagascar
- Author
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Costard, S., Porphyre, V., Messad, S., Rakotondrahanta, S., Vidon, H., Roger, F., and Pfeiffer, D.U.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Contamination by Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria spp. of most popular chicken- and pork-sausages sold in Reunion Island
- Author
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Trimoulinard, A., primary, Beral, M., additional, Henry, I., additional, Atiana, L., additional, Porphyre, V., additional, Tessier, C., additional, Leclercq, A., additional, and Cardinale, E., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Salmonella in fattening pigs in Reunion Island: Herd prevalence and risk factors for infection
- Author
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Cardinale, E., Maeder, S., Porphyre, V., and Debin, M.
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- 2010
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5. Impacts et services environnementaux de l’élevage en régions chaudes
- Author
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BLANFORT, V., primary, DOREAU, M., additional, HUGUENIN, J., additional, LAZARD, J., additional, PORPHYRE, V., additional, SOUSSANA, J.F., additional, and TOUTAIN, B., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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6. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in pigs, Réunion Island.
- Author
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Cardinale E, Pascalis H, Temmam S, Hervé S, Saulnier A, Turpin M, Barbier N, Hoarau J, Quéguiner S, Gorin S, Foray C, Roger M, Porphyre V, André P, Thomas T, de Lamballerie X, Dellagi K, Simon G, Cardinale, Eric, and Pascalis, Hervé
- Abstract
During 2009, pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus affected humans on Réunion Island. Since then, the virus has sustained circulation among local swine herds, raising concerns about the potential for genetic evolution of the virus and possible retransmission back to humans of variants with increased virulence. Continuous surveillance of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in pigs is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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7. HPAI surveillance programme in Cambodia: Results and perspectives
- Author
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Desvaux, S., Sorn, S., Holl, D., Chavernac, D., flavie luce goutard, Thonnat, J., Porphyre, V., Ménard, C., Cardinale, E., and Roger, F.
- Subjects
L73 - Maladies des animaux - Abstract
Cambodia has faced 15 confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in different sectors of the poultry industry since January 2004. The country has very limited human and financial resources and, when the outbreak first began, the veterinary services were not equipped with the basic tools to collect accurate epidemiological information or to fight the disease. Therefore, different agencies, under the umbrella of the Food and Agriculture Organisation, are providing support to the Government to strengthen its capacity to diagnose, survey and control the avian influenza (Al) virus. Different surveillance tools are being tested, such as market monitoring and a sentinel villages' network, to offset the weakness of the national passive surveillance network. Several constraints were identified during the implementation of this programme, such as a lack of motivation among provincial staff, the limited capacity of the central team to compile and analyse the data generated, the reluctance of farmers to have their animals sampled, and weak diagnostic capacities. The sustainability of such a surveillance system once international support ends remains to be seen. Participatory epidemiology (PE) may be an appropriate complementary tool to track diseases. PE works on the principle that livestock keepers often possess detailed knowledge of animal diseases and can provide valuable diagnostics that could help in identifying AI outbreaks, particularly in remote areas.
8. Livestock environmental impacts and services in warm regions
- Author
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Blanfort, V., Doreau, M., Huguenin, J., Lazard, J., Porphyre, V., Jean-Francois Soussana, Toutain, B., UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Jean-Baptiste Coulon, Patrick Lecomte, Maryline Boval, and Jean-Marc Perez
- Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes - Abstract
National audience; Animal productions are now questioned by the society for their environmental impact. Emerging and developing countries are now concerned by this debate, especially because the increase in animal production in the next decades will take place in these countries, which are often situated in warm regions (including Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical areas). It is now admitted that livestock farming may result in environmental services, besides its productive function. The objective of this paper was to review and discuss environmental impacts and services in southern countries for ruminants, pigs and poultry farms and for aquaculture, and to propose possible solutions for an improvement of environmental performances. Degradation of soil and habitat requires looking for more sustainable production systems. Greenhouse gase emissions are significant in the tropics, especially with low productive systems where the amount per kg of milk or meat is taken as a reference. This emission is compensated for by carbon sequestration in grasslands; however there is a lack of accurate references in tropical countries. Farming change towards industrialization in many southern countries results in an increase in soil, air and water pollution. Extensive systems are less polluting, and lead sometimes to environmental services. Livestock farming needs water, but this is mainly «green» water related to vegetal production. The use of fossil resources (energy, phosphates, etc.) is highly dependent on the intensification of farming systems. At last, the risk of decrease in animal and vegetal biodiversity is high, in relation with deforestation and farming practices. The main farming systems in southern countries are discussed in relation with their environmental performances. Financial incentives for environmental services may result in low-impact production systems. But the alleviation of poverty and the need for feed security are major concerns which could limit the increase of environmental performances.; Les interactions entre l’élevage et l’environnement sont l’objet d’un débat médiatique, sociétal et scientifique depuis les années 70. Ce débat, focalisé sur les impacts négatifs de l’élevage sur l’environnement et jusqu’ici limité aux pays développés, concerne dorénavant les pays émergents et en développement où se fera l’essentiel de l’accroissement de la production animale. Toutefois, il est désormais admis que l’élevage peut aussi produire des services écosystémiques en plus de sa fonction productive. Cette synthèse propose un bilan des impacts et des services environnementaux liés aux productions animales dans les pays du Sud et trace des pistes d’amélioration pour les élevages de ruminants, les porcs et volailles ainsi que l’aquaculture. Les changements historiques d’utilisation des terres et de certains habitats aquatiques en cours dans le monde tropical nécessitent une réflexion pour des systèmes de production plus durables. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre concernent en grande partie les zones tropicales où les systèmes à faible productivité sont forts émetteurs par kg de lait ou de viande produite. Elles sont compensées en partie par un stockage de carbone dans les pâturages, mais les références en zone tropicale restent à préciser. L’augmentation rapide des productions animales au cours des dernières décennies est essentiellement issue de l’industrialisation de l’élevage dans de nombreux pays du Sud où les questions sur la pollution des sols, des eaux, de l’air et le traitement des effluents deviennent incontournables. Les systèmes extensifs moins productifs mais moins polluants conduisent aussi à des services environnementaux. L’élevage est fort consommateur d’eau, mais principalement d’eau « verte » liée à la production végétale. La consommation de ressources fossiles (énergie, phosphates...) s’avère fortement dépendante de l’intensification des systèmes d’élevage. Le risque d’érosion de la biodiversité animale et végétale est une menace avérée, en lien avec la déforestation et les pratiques d’élevage. Dans une discussion globale, les principaux systèmes d’élevage des pays du Sud sont évalués à l’aune de leurs performances environnementales. Des perspectives d’évolution vers des systèmes de production à plus faible impacts et intégrant des services écologiques existent notamment par la mise en place de mécanismes financiers incitatifs. Mais les priorités de lutte contre la faim et la pauvreté constituent des obstacles de taille dans de nombreux pays du sud. Elles conditionnent l’amélioration des performances environnementales à la mise en place de systèmes d’élevage assurant la réponse aux besoins alimentaires des populations et la durabilité économique et sociale indispensable aux sociétés en développement.
9. Evaluation Survey on Agreement with Existing Definitions of Biosecurity with a Focus on Livestock.
- Author
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Saegerman C, Parisi G, Niemi J, Humblet MF, Ron-Román J, Souley Kouato B, Allepuz A, Porphyre V, Rodrigues da Costa M, and Renault V
- Abstract
Disease prevention, including biosecurity, surveillance, and traceability are key aspects to minimize the risk of animal diseases causing harm to society. Diseases for which biosecurity are needed depend on species of interest, e.g., African swine fever, avian influenza, or foot-and-mouth disease. However, several definitions of biosecurity co-exist in the literature. Under the new COST Action "Biosecurity Enhanced Through Training Evaluation and Raising Awareness" (BETTER) CA20103, we launched an initial survey on the agreement with eight existing definitions of (livestock) biosecurity, to rank keywords to consider before attempting a more consolidated definition, and to select the desirable qualities of a definition of livestock biosecurity. Respondents (N = 316) had a male-female gender ratio close to one, were mostly between 25 and 54 years old, and had animal health as the main field of expertise (30% were government officials). The significant most popular biosecurity definition was the one that conceptualized the rules of 5B's (bio-exclusion, bio-containment, bio-compartmentation, bio-prevention, and bio-preservation). The top two keywords to consider for the consolidation of the biosecurity definition were "prevention" and "measures". The optimal biosecurity definition needs to be operational and related to animal health but also comprehensible, simple, and related to public health. The survey results highlight the need for the integration of more aspects in the existing definitions of livestock biosecurity (prevention of zoonoses and preservation of the environment and diversity).
- Published
- 2023
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10. Low seroprevalence of hepatitis E on Reunion island.
- Author
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Gérardin P, Porphyre V, Tsatoromila A, Cuissard L, Becquart JP, Boussaid K, Bertolotti A, Naze F, Picot S, Filleul L, Tortosa P, Jaubert J, Guernier V, and Pascalis H
- Abstract
Objective: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been scarcely investigated in the Indian Ocean. Following a nationwide serosurvey among blood donors, we conducted a population-based serosurvey to assess the magnitude of HEV exposure on Reunion Island., Methods: Four hundred and sixty-six archived frozen human sera from the 2009 CoPanFlu-RUN cohort were analysed using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. HEV seropositivity was defined as an IgG titre ≥5 UI/ml. Raw and weighted seroprevalences were assessed to account for the discrepancy between the CoPanFlu-RUN subset and the general community. Prevalence proportion ratios (PPR) were measured using log-binomial models., Results: The raw and the weighted seroprevalences of HEV were 9.01% (95% CI 6.41-11.61) and 6.73% (95% CI 4.47-8.98), respectively. The presence of HEV IgG antibodies was associated with increasing age ( P < 0.001). In a survey-adjusted model minimizing the sampling bias and adjusting for age, males were more likely to be seropositive than females (adjusted PPR 2.59, 95% CI 1.07-6.25). Seropositivity was spatially heterogeneous across the island ( P < 0.01). Living in the neighbourhood of a pig farm within a low to intermediate slope area was associated with seropositivity in several models adjusting for age, gender, altitude of residency and interaction between slope and pig farms., Conclusion: Reunion Island is a low endemic area for HEV exposure. Despite limitations related to the retrospective study design, our findings confirm the roles of cumulative lifetime exposure and male gender in HEV exposure. The risk associated with neighbouring pig farms might also suggest environmental contamination in this setting., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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11. Advocacy for identifying certain animal diseases as "neglected".
- Author
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Roger FL, Solano P, Bouyer J, Porphyre V, Berthier D, Peyre M, and Bonnet P
- Subjects
- Animal Diseases pathology, Animals, Developing Countries, Zoonoses classification, Animal Diseases classification, Global Health, Neglected Diseases veterinary
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Spatio-temporal prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Madagascar based on meat inspection.
- Author
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Porphyre V, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Rakotoarimanana A, Rasamoelina O, Bernard C, Jambou R, and Cardinale E
- Subjects
- Abattoirs, Animals, Cysticercosis epidemiology, Cysticercosis parasitology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Food Safety, Humans, Madagascar epidemiology, Pilot Projects, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Swine, Swine Diseases parasitology, Cysticercosis veterinary, Meat parasitology, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Taenia solium isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Taenia solium cysticercosis is a parasitic meat-borne disease that is highly prevalent in pigs and humans in Africa, but the burden is vastly underestimated due to the lack of official control along the pork commodity chain, which hampers long-term control policies., Methods: The apparent and corrected prevalences of T. solium cysticercosis were investigated in pork carcasses slaughtered and retailed in Antananarivo (Madagascar), thanks to a 12-month monitoring plan in two urban abattoirs., Results: Overall apparent prevalence was estimated at 4.6% [4.2 - 5.0%]. The corrected overall prevalence defined as the estimated prevalence after accounting for the sensitivity of meat inspection was 21.03% [19.18- 22.87%]. Significant differences among geoclimatic regions were observed only for indigenous pigs, with an apparent prevalence estimated at 7.9% [6.0 - 9.9%] in the northern and western regions, 7.3% [6.0 - 8.6%] in the central region, and 6.2% [4.7 - 7.8%] in the southern region. In the central region, where both exotic and indigenous pigs were surveyed, indigenous pigs were 8.5 times [6.7 - 10.7] more likely to be infected than exotic improved pigs. Urban consumers were more likely to encounter cysticercosis in pork in the rainy season, which is a major at risk period, in particular in December. Differences between abattoirs were also identified., Conclusion: Our results underline the need for improved surveillance and control programmes to limit T. solium cysticercosis in carcasses by introducing a risk-based meat inspection procedure that accounts for the origin and breed of the pigs, and the season.
- Published
- 2015
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13. Prevalence of antimicrobial residues in pork meat in Madagascar.
- Author
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Rakotoharinome M, Pognon D, Randriamparany T, Ming JC, Idoumbin JP, Cardinale E, and Porphyre V
- Subjects
- Animals, Madagascar, Risk Factors, Swine, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Drug Residues analysis, Food Contamination analysis, Meat analysis
- Abstract
Residual antimicrobials in food constitute a risk to human health, but poor knowledge is available about the significance of contaminated meat in developing countries. The purpose of the study was to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial drug residues in pork products in Madagascar. The occurrence of antimicrobial drug residues in pork meat were investigated by the Premi® test (DSM(©)) technique. There was a high incidence rate of drug residues, with 360 (37.2 %) meat samples being contaminated. A significant increase was observed between 2010 and 2011, with 32 and 39%, respectively. Pork meat samples are less contaminated by drug residues when animals are slaughtered in urban abattoirs (34.4%) vs in provincial abattoirs (42.2%), suggesting that animals under treatment (or sick) are sold preferentially in local abattoir. Drug residue levels in pork meats purchased in Madagascar appear to be serious public health problem at the moment.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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14. Control of cysticercosis in Madagascar: beware of the pitfalls.
- Author
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Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Porphyre V, and Jambou R
- Subjects
- Animals, Cysticercosis diagnosis, Cysticercosis economics, Cysticercosis epidemiology, Humans, Madagascar, Public Health standards, Risk Factors, Swine, Swine Diseases diagnosis, Swine Diseases economics, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Taenia solium, Cysticercosis prevention & control, Swine Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a zoonosis of public health importance in areas where the disease is endemic, with significant economic impacts on human health and the swine industry. Several gaps remain in the epidemiology of the parasite and the strategies of control in developing countries. We detail the key factors to consider in Madagascar in terms of the porcine husbandry system, Taenia transmission cycle, and diagnosis of cysticercosis in pigs, in order to better estimate the sanitary and economic impacts of this parasitic disease as well as to define an integrated control program., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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15. Review of climate, landscape, and viral genetics as drivers of the Japanese encephalitis virus ecology.
- Author
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Le Flohic G, Porphyre V, Barbazan P, and Gonzalez JP
- Subjects
- Agriculture methods, Animals, Asia, Birds, Culex growth & development, Disease Vectors, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese classification, Encephalitis, Japanese virology, Geography, Humans, Swine, Zoonoses virology, Climate, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese genetics, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese isolation & purification, Encephalitis, Japanese epidemiology, Topography, Medical, Zoonoses epidemiology
- Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an arthropod-born Flavivirus, is the major cause of viral encephalitis, responsible for 10,000-15,000 deaths each year, yet is a neglected tropical disease. Since the JEV distribution area has been large and continuously extending toward new Asian and Australasian regions, it is considered an emerging and reemerging pathogen. Despite large effective immunization campaigns, Japanese encephalitis remains a disease of global health concern. JEV zoonotic transmission cycles may be either wild or domestic: the first involves wading birds as wild amplifying hosts; the second involves pigs as the main domestic amplifying hosts. Culex mosquito species, especially Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, are the main competent vectors. Although five JEV genotypes circulate, neither clear-cut genotype-phenotype relationship nor clear variations in genotype fitness to hosts or vectors have been identified. Instead, the molecular epidemiology appears highly dependent on vectors, hosts' biology, and on a set of environmental factors. At global scale, climate, land cover, and land use, otherwise strongly dependent on human activities, affect the abundance of JEV vectors, and of wild and domestic hosts. Chiefly, the increase of rice-cultivated surface, intensively used by wading birds, and of pig production in Asia has provided a high availability of resources to mosquito vectors, enhancing the JEV maintenance, amplification, and transmission. At fine scale, the characteristics (density, size, spatial arrangement) of three landscape elements (paddy fields, pig farms, human habitations) facilitate or impede movement of vectors, then determine how the JEV interacts with hosts and vectors and ultimately the infection risk to humans. If the JEV is introduced in a favorable landscape, either by live infected animals or by vectors, then the virus can emerge and become a major threat for human health. Multidisciplinary research is essential to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in the emergence, spread, reemergence, and genotypic changes of JEV.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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16. High prevalence of hepatitis E in humans and pigs and evidence of genotype-3 virus in swine, Madagascar.
- Author
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Temmam S, Besnard L, Andriamandimby SF, Foray C, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Héraud JM, Cardinale E, Dellagi K, Pavio N, Pascalis H, and Porphyre V
- Subjects
- Abattoirs, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Viral blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Genotype, Hepatitis E virology, Hepatitis E virus genetics, Humans, Indian Ocean Islands, Liver pathology, Liver virology, Madagascar epidemiology, Male, Meat virology, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prevalence, RNA, Viral genetics, RNA, Viral isolation & purification, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Swine virology, Swine Diseases epidemiology, Young Adult, Hepatitis E epidemiology, Hepatitis E veterinary, Hepatitis E virus classification, Hepatitis E virus isolation & purification, Swine Diseases virology
- Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an orofecal disease transmitted through poor hygiene environments, contaminated food (mainly pork products), or by contacts with infected animals. Very little data are currently available regarding the disease in the Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands. We report the first sero- and viro-survey for HEV in human and swine in Madagascar. A seroprevalence rate of 14.1% (60 of 427) was measured in slaughterhouse workers. Seroprevalence to HEV in pigs was estimated to 71.2% (178 of 250), strongly suggesting the existence of a zoonotic cycle. Three out of 250 pig livers (1.2%) tested HEV RNA-positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analyses based on 1-kb sequences of the ORF 2-3 identified these viruses as HEV genotype 3. Sequences clustered in a distinct Malagasy sub-clade, possibly representative of a new sub-genotype, for which the date of emergence was estimated around 1989. Further studies are needed to confirm other transmission routes of HEV to humans, especially through non-zoonotic cycles.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Residues of medroxyprogesterone acetate detected in sows at a slaughterhouse, Madagascar.
- Author
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Porphyre V, Rakotoharinome M, Randriamparany T, Pognon D, Prévost S, and Le Bizec B
- Subjects
- Abattoirs, Animals, Contraceptive Agents, Female analysis, Developing Countries, Female, Food Contamination, Intra-Abdominal Fat growth & development, Kidney, Limit of Detection, Madagascar, Reproducibility of Results, Reproductive Control Agents analysis, Substance Abuse Detection methods, Sus scrofa growth & development, Anabolic Agents analysis, Drug Residues analysis, Intra-Abdominal Fat metabolism, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate analysis, Progestins analysis, Substance Abuse Detection veterinary, Sus scrofa metabolism
- Abstract
In Madagascar, little information about drug residues in animal products is available. However, recently, official veterinary services were informed about the misuse of human injectable contraceptives in pig farms as an alternative for chirurgical castration of adult sows before culling. We investigated pigs (n = 80) slaughtered in 7 Malagasy abattoirs and raised in 8 of the 22 Malagasy regions (1) to confirm the contamination of carcasses by anabolic hormones by using LC-MS/MS, (2) to identify the substances of concern and (3) to explore the consumers' exposure to hormone residues. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was the only synthetic hormone detected in kidney fat. Samples positive with medroxyprogesterone acetate were observed in 66.7% of the districts investigated and in 87.5% of the surveyed regions, confirming its large misuse in livestock. Public awareness campaigns and control improvement among the animal production sector and among the Malagasy public health sector are therefore urgent.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. An Internet portal dedicated to pig production and wild suids in the tropics: PigTrop web site http://pigtrop.cirad.fr.
- Author
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Porphyre V, Gourment C, Erwin T, and Nouaille C
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Databases, Factual, Developing Countries, Tropical Climate, Animal Husbandry methods, Internet, Reproduction physiology, Swine physiology, Veterinary Medicine methods
- Abstract
Considering that a wide access to updated and relevant data is a key point for livestock development and research improvement in tropics, The PigTrop web site (http://pigtrop.cirad.fr) is dedicated to pig production and pork commodity chains in developing countries. It mainly addresses stakeholders involved in the pig commodity chain, but also researchers, students, or development agencies with an interest in tropical pig breeding. It is run by the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD).
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Local epidemiosurveillance in swine diseases in Northern Vietnam: description and preliminary results.
- Author
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Porphyre V, Nguyen NS, Ha MT, Genewe S, and Henry C
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Population Surveillance, Swine, Vietnam epidemiology, Computer Communication Networks, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Sentinel Surveillance veterinary, Swine Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
The REMAPORC is an epidemiosurveillance network in swine diseases and an organizational model for local veterinary services in one district of Northern Vietnam. A strong concern was done on quality of the sanitary information chain from field and feedback to local agents. Based on 4,000 declarations provided by veterinarians and animal health workers involved, preliminary results highlighted the major incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex; digestive affections in piglets, and reproductive disorders in newly raised exotic sows have been also noticed.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. HPAI surveillance programme in Cambodia: results and perspectives.
- Author
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Desvaux S, Sorn S, Holl D, Chavernac D, Goutard F, Thonnat J, Porphyre V, Ménard C, Cardinale E, and Roger F
- Subjects
- Animals, Cambodia epidemiology, Poultry, Retrospective Studies, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Influenza in Birds epidemiology, Influenza in Birds prevention & control, Population Surveillance methods
- Abstract
Cambodia has faced 15 confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in different sectors of the poultry industry since January 2004. The country has very limited human and financial resources and, when the outbreak first began, the veterinary services were not equipped with the basic tools to collect accurate epidemiological information or to fight the disease. Therefore, different agencies, under the umbrella of the Food and Agriculture Organisation, are providing support to the Government to strengthen its capacity to diagnose, survey and control the avian influenza (AI) virus. Different surveillance tools are being tested, such as market monitoring and a sentinel villages' network, to offset the weakness of the national passive surveillance network. Several constraints were identified during the implementation of this programme, such as a lack of motivation among provincial staff, the limited capacity of the central team to compile and analyse the data generated, the reluctance of farmers to have their animals sampled, and weak diagnostic capacities. The sustainability of such a surveillance system once international support ends remains to be seen. Participatory epidemiology (PE) may be an appropriate complementary tool to track diseases. PE works on the principle that livestock keepers often possess detailed knowledge of animal diseases and can provide valuable diagnostics that could help in identifying AI outbreaks, particularly in remote areas.
- Published
- 2006
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