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AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio; BARBIERI, Geraldo; VERANI, José Roberto; HAHN, Norma Segatti. Variação do fator de condição e do índice hepatossomático e suas relações com o ciclo reprodutivo em Rhinelepis aspera (Agassis, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) no rio Paranapanema, Porecatu, PR. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, v.42, n.9, p.711-714, 1990. Seasonal changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index and theirs relationships with the reproductive cycle in Rhinelepis aspera (Agassis, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) in the Paranapanema river, Porecatu, PR. The cyclic changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index were associated to gonadosomatic index in male and female of Rhinelepis aspera of the Paranapanema river (22°38'S,51°25' W). it was found that the loss of weight, both body and liver, occurs during the gonad maturation and reproduction process. The fish recover the lost weight over the gonad recuperation and resting period. It was observed that a gradual decrease in the condition factor occurs after the first gonadal maturation size. As alterações cíclicas nos valores do fator de condição e índice hepatossomático foram associadas aquelas do índice gonadossomático de machos e fêmeas de Rhinelepis aspera do rio Paranapanema (22°38' S,51°25' W). Constatou-se que a maturação gonadal e a reprodução levaram a depleções no peso total e do fígado dos espécimes analisados. Essas perdas foram repostas durante o período de recuperação e repouso das gônadas. Observou-se, ainda, que, a partir da primeira maturação gonadal, ocorreu uma redução gradativa na condição dos exemplares. Abstract: Seasonal changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index and theirs relationships with the reproductive cycle in Rhinelepis aspera (Agassis, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) in the Paranapanema river, Porecatu, PR. The cyclic changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index were associated to gonadosomatic index in male and female of Rhinelepis aspera of the Paranapanema river (22°38'S,51°25' W). it was found that the loss of weight, both body and liver, occurs during the gonad maturation and reproduction process. The fish recover the lost weight over the gonad recuperation and resting period. It was observed that a gradual decrease in the condition factor occurs after the first gonadal maturation size.