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Background: Drug addiction significantly impacts employee performance, leading to increased absenteeism, reduced productivity, and higher rates of occupational accidents. Therefore, identifying predictive factors for addiction potential is crucial in preventing drug dependence. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a group membership model using discriminant analysis to predict employees' potential for addiction based on key psychological variables. Methods: A correlational study was conducted with a statistical population consisting of all employees working in public departments in Bojnord City, Iran, in 2021 (N = 2,837). A random sample of 303 employees was selected to complete the Iranian Form of the Addiction Potential Scale, the Big Five Inventory, the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Data analysis was performed using the discriminant analysis method in SPSS software version 23. Results: The findings revealed that employees' addiction potential can be predicted using personality and cognitive variables. The discriminant analysis equation effectively distinguishes employees with high and low addiction potential based on psychological variables, including extroversion, neuroticism, self-efficacy, and cognitive emotional regulation. Conclusions: The study concluded that self-efficacy, cognitive emotional regulation, neuroticism, and extroversion are significant predictors of addiction potential. It is recommended to incorporate these variables into training courses and personnel selection processes for government jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive failures are one of the most important causes of patients' unsafe events. Hence, it is necessary to consider individual and cognitive, as well as extra-organizational characteristics. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between personality traits, job stress, work-family conflict and nurses' cognitive failures. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 nurses working in three public hospitals in Sari city, Iran, in 2021. The subjects were selected using Stratified Random Sampling. NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) tool, Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), and Occupational Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (OCFQ) were used to measure personality traits, job stress, work-family conflict, and cognitive Failures, respectively. The data were analyzed in SPSS (ve. 23) and regression analysis with the sequential method was applied. Results: Among 13 studied predictor variables, only extraversion, agreeableness, demand, and role were predictors of cognitive failures. These variables explain 44.1% of the variance of cognitive failure. The β values of neuroticism and conscientiousness to predict cognitive failures were 0.34 and -0.29, respectively (P < 0.001). Although role (β = 0.15, p < 0.001) and demand (β = 0.14, p < 0.001) significantly predict cognitive failure; however, their effect is limited. The results of the study did not provide confirmation for the moderating effect of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on the association between work-family conflict, job stress, and cognitive failures. Conclusions: Along with environmental and organizational stress factors, evaluating nurses' personality traits is necessary to control cognitive failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Purpose To explore the incidence of addiction potential within the Iranian public working population, describing how many Iranian public employees fall within the diagnostic categories of low, moderate, and high addiction potential. Also, to investigate the predicting role of occupational variables such as perceived stress, job security, and job satisfaction on addiction potential and belonging to low, moderate, and high addiction potential diagnostic categories. Background Substance addiction among employees can lead to several negative consequences at the individual and organizational levels. Also, it is the fourth cause of death in Iran. However, few studies have been conducted on the topic among employees, and non among Iranian employees. Methodology The study participants were 430 employees working in governmental offices of the North Khorasan province, Iran. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the incidence of addiction potential within the analyzed population and to investigate whether occupational variables such as perceived stress, job security, and job satisfaction predicted low, moderate, or high addiction potential. Contribution This paper suggests that perceived stress might act as a risk factor for developing addiction, whereas job security and job satisfaction might be protective factors against the likelihood of addiction development. Findings More than half of the sample showed moderate to high addiction potential. Perceived stress was positively related to addiction potential. Job security and job satisfaction were negatively related to addiction potential. Recommendations for Practitioners Managers and policymakers may find a valuable strategy to reduce employees' substance addiction risks in the design, development, and implementation of initiatives and interventions that prevent or reduce perceived stress and improve job satisfaction and job security. Recommendations for Researchers When addressing the topic of substance addiction, researchers should focus on the preventative side of investigating it; that is, addiction risk rather than already unfolded addiction. Also, researchers should be mindful of the cultural context in which studies are conducted. Impact on Society Substance addiction threatens the sustainability of communities and societies worldwide. Providing applied psychological findings, this paper can inform the broader public and help individuals, groups, communities, and institutions to address this issue in a science-based fashion. Future Research Future research might investigate other relevant occupational predictors in relation to employee addiction potential, such as leadership style, work-life balance, and worktime schedule, or expand on the relevant causal chain by including personality traits such as neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variety and prevalence of substance abuse are growing and its consequences on physical and psychological health, as well as, on global social and economic concerns are heavy. General self-efficacy is a critical factor underlying substance abuse and its successful treatment. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of hope therapy on general self-efficacy among substance abusers. This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population comprised all of the substance abusers who referred to addiction treatment centers. Convenience sampling method was used to select 40 participants among volunteers. The participants randomly were assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of two-hour of hope therapy. Both groups responded to general self-efficacy scale before and after the treatment. There was a significant improvement in general self-efficacy of substance abusers after hope therapy sessions. According to research findings, using of hope therapy could have important role in increasing the general self-efficacy of substance abusers and thereby can lead to successful treatment programs and other positive outcomes in the treatment of substance abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to investigate the moderator role of psychological capital relationships between occupational stress and work-life quality. In this cross-sectional study, the population were selected among all faculty members at the University of Bojnord. One-hundred and fifty faculty members were selected as samples. The study questionnaires were included occupational stress, psychological capital and work-life quality. The multiple regression analysis was examined research's hypothesis using SPSS software version 22. According to findings, the correlation coefficients between occupational stress and work-life quality (r=-0.595, p<0.0001) and between psychological capital and worklife quality (r=0.421, p<0.0001) which all were statistically significant. The interaction of occupational stress and psychological capital, beyond effects of the main variables, created 2.8% of the increased variance for the model which indicates these variables have a meaningful interaction with each other in predicting of work-life quality (ΔR2=0.028, ΔF= 6.15, p< 0.02). The results showed the importance of psychological capitals moderator relationships between occupational stress and work-life quality among the faculty members. Therefore, in order to reduce the effects of occupational stress on work-life quality, it is recommended that universities enhance psychological capital of faculty members through practical training protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shiftwork is now a major feature of working life across a broad range of industries and circadian rhythms play an important role in shiftwork tolerance. So, the aim of this study was examine the relationships between age, morning-type and rigidity sleeping habits with shiftwork tolerance among shiftworkers of Karun Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. The sample consisted of 295 shiftworkers of Ahvaz, Iran, selected according to the stratified random sampling. Survey of Shiftworkers (SOS) was used to measure the variables of this study. The results indicate that correlation coefficients between the shiftwork tolerance with age, morning-type and rigidity sleeping habits were negative and significant (P<.OOO1). Stepwise multiple regression analyses yielded R1=0.449, R2=0.532 and R3=0.547 between shiftwork tolerance and independent variable. The results showed the importance of age, morning-type and rigidity as predictors of shiftwork tolerance. At a more practical level the main implication would be that we should attempt to select people for shiftwork systems according to their circadian rhythms (morningness /eveningness), sleeping habits (flexibility/rigidity) and demographic variables (such as age). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]