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This article explores the interrelation between the construction of ethnonational nomenclatures in population censuses and identity politics in the construction and representation of the ‘nation’ through the lens of ‘statistical objectivity’. Population census in the context of national identification and nation-building can be seen as a discursive practice. Through its performative effect, it objectifies the ethnonational nomenclature of the census and differentiating the social body into different identity categories through the effect of numbers, producing seemingly homogeneous ethnicised collectives in the public space. The politicization of the population census process is investigated by analysing the ambivalences in the individual-collective relations during the objectification of subjective categories of belonging, as well as by analysing the conceptualization and operationalization of these categories. The categories used in censuses and the methods employed in population censuses conducted after Croatia’s independence in 2001, 2011, and 2021 are analysed and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Following the 2022 Population Census, the first assessment of Serbia's official population projections based on data from the 2011 Census and other vital statistics and migration sources has become feasible. According to the Census results, the population of Serbia in 2022 is approximately 2.3% below the projected values for that year, according to the closest projection variant - the constant variant. This paper explores the differences in terms of projected and realized values of fertility, mortality, and migration balance. Hypotheses regarding the total fertility rate and the number of live births were largely confirmed. However, a notable deviation was observed in mortality rates, primarily attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic period, during which life expectancy decreased by nearly two years. Apart from the pandemic's effect, the deviation between projected and realized population values is also due to the assumption of a positive migration balance for the period 2011-2022. Contrary to this optimistic assumption, the vital statistics method reveals negative external migration during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the changes in the national composition of Saratov province in the first half of the 1920s based on the materials of the All-Russian Census of 1920, the All-Union Urban Census of 1923 and the first All-Union Population Census of 1926. The factors influencing the evolution of the national structure of the region are being studied. The conclusion is made about the formation in the main features of the ethnic map of the Saratov region. The position is put forward on the development and conduct of the first censuses as the “golden” period of Soviet statistics, which had a huge impact on the country’s modernization policy.

This article examines the population censuses conducted in the Russian Empire, the USSR and the new Russia; it reveals the peculiarities and methodological apparatus of each population census, presents the main questions of census lists, their comparability with previous censuses, notes new questions and explains their application. Thus, in the 2010 population census, the term “household” was introduced in the question on kinship (property) with other persons living with the respondent; in the question on marriage status, the concepts “officially divorced” and “separated” were differentiated; the levels of education and the presence of a degree were highlighted; the results of population censuses are given according to statistical data for the Komi Republic. The results of the population censuses of 1939 and 1959, which made it possible to assess the scale of forced migration to the Komi region, are separately considered. For each population census, the timing of its conduction and the critical moment are given, it is explained why certain population censuses were carried out not in the “zero” year, as is customary in most countries of the world, but in other years. Particular attention is paid to the 2021 census, it has been postponed for one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Titicaca grebe (Rollandia microptera) is a poorly studied endangered species, only found in the Lake Titicaca watershed of Peru and Bolivia. Population surveys undertaken in the early twenty‐first century suggested that the species had declined in number by >70%. We conducted a population survey of the grebe between March and August 2022 in Peru and Bolivia, using both maximum entropy and Bayesian occupancy models to estimate factors affecting habitat suitability for the grebe. We conducted surveys between March and August 2022 in Peru and Bolivia. Contrary to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) population estimates of <1,000 individuals, there are likely tens of thousands of individual grebes. The population estimation was sensitive to the type of model used. Distance from shore and fishing intensity were the most significant factors influencing grebe populations. The Reserva Nacional del Titicaca, the only protected area in the lake, covers some of the most suitable Titicaca grebe habitat across its entire range. The population of the Titicaca grebe is significantly higher than previous estimates, but we do not recommend a change to its conservation status because of the lack of conservation efforts for this species, and the long‐term risks associated with global warming and fisheries bycatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Small area estimation (SAE), which combines a population census and a sample survey, is widely used to estimate poverty and welfare indicators in small areas. A common situation in practice is that a population census is conducted using both short‐ and long‐form questionnaires. The short form is used to collect basic demographic information for the whole population, while the long form is used to collect additional information, such as employment, from a random sample. This study shows that combining both short‐ and long‐form data can improve estimation efficiency. This method is applied to poverty maps for the 2014–2019 period in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the global problems in the world, one of the important topics is the demographic situation. Basic and accurate parameters of the demographic situation are collected during the census, that is why the general population census is an event of national importance. Like the rest of the world, population censuses in Georgia have a centuries-old history. The frequency and main characteristics of the censuses were conducted at different times with different purposes and interests. It is based on the methodology developed by the United Nations and is conducted in accordance with unified, standard and normative indicators. The introduction of a whole series of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda. The use of census data shows us that the role and importance of censuses in the modern global world has grown even more. The "Recommendations of the Conference of European Statisticians for the 2020 Round of the Population and Housing Census", which was prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) for the 2015 round, is particularly noteworthy. The recommendations addressed such important aspects of the population census as data privacy and security, legislation, definitions of terms, phases of the census, publication and dissemination of results, quality assurance and quality management, and technologies used in the census process. Along with the given recommendations, the document focuses on the list of data that countries should receive in the 2020 round of population and housing census, namely: population, its geographical, demographic and economic characteristics; Agriculture, education, migration, ethno-cultural characteristics, disabilities, household and family characteristics and housing characteristics. The census of 2024 will provide us with important and versatile information, which is necessary to assess the demographic situation in the country, to clearly see the existing problems and challenges. The new population census methodology developed by the United Nations and, accordingly, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFDA) includes a number of innovations in the census questionnaire, which deals with immigration status, disabilities, type of marriage and marriage registration. The introduction of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda.

The turbulent past has marked the entire area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially its peripheral parts, which were often influenced by violent demographic changes, reflecting on various population structures. The wider area of Podrinje was affected by forced migrations of the Bosniak population during the 19th and 20th centuries. The expulsion of Bosniaks from the Principality of Serbia in the early 1830s significantly impacted the demographic structures of the Bosnian Podrinje region, especially the Osat region. This study does not explore various anthropogeographic changes in the settlement of Pribidol, whether they occurred during normal or forced social events, but rather investigates the process of family formation and households during the 19th century. The most important historical sources used for the mentioned research are: the Ottoman census of male household members of the Srebrenica District in 1850/51, the Ottoman cadaster of 1867/75, the list of residential property owners from 1880/84, as well as the land registry books of the Srebrenica District in 1894. This study explored the families that lived in the settlement of Pribidol during the 19th century. These are the following families: Ahmetović, Aljić, Begić, Dervišević, Džananović, Halilović, Husić, Ibišević, Ibrahimović, Janković, Marković, Mešanović, Mitrović, Muminović, Mustafić, Osmanović, Salkić, and Smajić. In the Muslim area of Pribidol, 19 households, or family households, were recorded, with a total of 79 male individuals, with an average age of 20.1 years. In the then-independent settlement of Pribidol, 15 households were recorded, with 59 male individuals, with an average age of 19.0 years. In the Barakovići mahalla, 3 households were recorded, with 14 male individuals, and in the independent settlement of Zgunja, one household was recorded with a total of 6 male individuals. Therefore, the total population of Bosniak Pribidol was around 160 individuals of both sexes. During the conducted census in 1850/51, only two families had a family surname, which changed in the early 1880s. According to the 1879 census in the settlement of Gaj (Turkish Pribidol), there were 171 inhabitants (93 male individuals) all of Bosniak nationality. There were 25 houses and an equal number of apartments in the settlement, with an average of 6.8 individuals per household. The 1895 census recorded 315 inhabitants (158 male individuals). There were 255 Bosniaks and 60 Orthodox inhabitants. There were a total of 50 houses (2 uninhabited) with 50 households - an average size of 6.3 members. Between 1850/51 and 1895, there was a significant increase in the population of the settlement of Pribidol, especially in the last census of 1895. This growth was conditioned by the settlement of Orthodox inhabitants, who constituted 25% of the total population in 1895. The list of residential property owners from 1880/84 identified three new mahallas (Kadrići, Podševar, and Živkovići) compared to the census of 1850/51. These Bosniak families of the settlement of Pribidol persisted throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, either through male or female lines, except for changes in the family surname among married female inhabitants. Some family surnames ceased to exist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, either due to the extinction of their male members or their emigration from the settlement of Pribidol. This particularly applies to families with the surnames Ahmetović, Halilović, and Mešanović. The number of households (families) increased among other Bosniak families until the mid-20th century, and some of their members moved to other settlements in the Podrinje region, primarily around the cities of Bijeljina, Bratunac, and Srebrenica.

This article is devoted to the study of historical and demographic aspects of famine in Kazakhstan between 1921 and 1923. The victims of the famine numbered in the deaths of thousands and caused irreparable losses. The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical and comparative analysis of the demographic consequences of famine. The research tasks include a comparative analysis of famine using archival documents, census materials and statistical data. In addition, the method of demographic analysis of the consequences of the famine, the scale of the damage and their impact on the life of the indigenous population of the republic will be applied. The distinctive feature of the research methodology is the systematization of statistical data on famine in various dimensions and modules. The findings of the study showed that the use of a comparative method to study the demographic consequences of famine contributes to a deeper study of this topic. The results obtained through qualitative analysis using statistical data served as an empirical basis for compiling a more complete demographic picture of famine in the 1920s of the 20th century in Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background. In Russia in the 1920s and 1930s, work was carried out to eliminate illiteracy and implement universal primary education. The purpose of the study is to find out how these events influenced changes in the literacy level of the population of the Sverd-lovsk region, a region whose level of urbanization increased significantly during the years of forced industrialization. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we mainly used materials from the population censuses of 1926 and 1939, as well as information about the education system presented in statistical collections. Censuses reflect the literacy rate of the population before and after the introduction of universal primary education. During the specified time period, the administrative boundaries of regions changed several times in the country. To compare them, the QGIS geographic information system was used. The study uses historical-genetic, historical-comparative, statistical methods, and geoinformation analysis. Results. Quantitative changes in the network and student population of educational institutions at different levels are shown. The literacy level of men and women in cities, ru-ral areas and among the entire population in the age groups 9–19, 20–49, 50 and over, as well as 9–49 and 9 years and older in 1926 and 1939 was studied. A comparison was made of the literacy rates of the population of the region and the RSFSR. The magnitude of changes that occurred during the intercensal period was revealed. Conclusions. By 1939, the population of the region aged 9–19 years old had achieved almost absolute literacy, and those aged 20–49 years old were gradually approaching it. But literacy rates among the population 50 years and older remained comparatively low. The literacy level of women lagged behind the literacy level of men, slightly among young people and very much among the older generation. At the same time, literacy rates among women grew at a faster rate than among men. When comparing the Sverdlovsk region and the RSFSR, it is clear that among the population of the region as a whole, the proportion of literate people was slightly higher.

This article aims to analyse demographic and migration processes in Kazakhstan, focusing on identifying their impact on society’s economic, political and social aspects. The work methodology is based on comparisons and system-structural methods, such as control, generalization, systematization, logical analysis, and synthesis. The study used two main groups of indicators for 1990-2021. The first group included comparative indicators, such as the relative size of the population structure, the intensity and relative proportions of the structure, and the proportions of the urban and rural population. The second group included migration indicators, such as the number of arrivals to the settlement, the number of departures from the settlement, and absolute migration growth or balance. The study results reveal regional differences, especially in the context of migration processes. There is a negative balance of internal migration and high rates of population decline in the northern regions. In comparison, the southern regions are experiencing population growth, which poses new economic and social challenges. It is predicted that by 2050, the population of the south of regions will increase significantly. The authors emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to solving demographic problems, including improving well-being, providing affordable health care and developing effective demographic policies. In conclusion, it is noted that successfully overcoming demographic challenges requires balanced economic and social measures.

The growth of ecotourism leads tour operators to develop means of exploration that facilitate access to remote and difficult-to-reach areas. For instance, new ice-class expedition ships can now bring visitors to isolated places in Antarctica that have never before been visited. In November 2021, a first ground visit was made to the Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colony at the Jason Peninsula. The result is the first census of the population that has been conducted in situ. This example illustrates that reaching extremely isolated places through ecotourism is an opportunity to develop citizen science and collect useful data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive mammalian predators have devastating effects on seabird nesting colonies. A census was conducted on breeding Wedge-tailed Shearwaters Ardenna pacifica in 2016 and 2021 on D'Arros Island, Seychelles, which has been rat-free since 2003. Results were compared with an earlier population estimate to assess population growth following the rat eradication. Compared to counts in 2009, we estimated a 10-fold increase in breeding population size, with 2768 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2424-3112) and 2406 (95% CI 2143-2667) breeding pairs in 2016 and 2021, respectively. While the estimated increase is partly attributable to differences in the timing of the conducted census between the two studies, we also observed an increase in the areal extent of the population, from 3.00 to 3.85 ha (0.0300-0.0385 km2), and an increase in nesting density. Cumulatively, this indicates a true population increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Turkish Nation fought for 11 years continuously between the Tripoli War and the end of the War of Independence. After the Balkan Wars, the migration movement caused significant changes in the demographic structure of Anatolia. The Turkish nation lost thousands of its citizens on the fronts and thousands more were wounded. The reform movements that began with the victory of the National Struggle and the newly established Republican administration aimed to determine both the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Anatolian population in order to determine future policies, to ensure nation-state building, and to use Turkey's demographic power effectively and efficiently. For this purpose, Turkey's first census was conducted on October 28, 1927. In this census, many characteristics of the Anatolian population such as their marital status, disability status, literacy rates, occupations, and native languages were determined, which increases the importance of the 1927 General Population Census. In this study, the population characteristics of İçel Province were evaluated according to the results of the 1927 General Population Census. In the research, it was aimed to reveal the social, cultural and economic characteristics of the population of İçel Province as of 1927, such as literacy rates, male and female population, occupational distribution, mother tongue, marital status, religious structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the dynamics of the population of the regions of the Far North and equivalent localities (North), including the Arctic zone, for the period between censuses (2010–2021). Calculations were carried out both for the entire territory of the specified macroregions, and for groups of settlements of different sizes and according to their position in the central-peripheral system, highlighting large cities and their suburbs. The large cities of the North and the Arctic did not have such steady population growth as in other parts of the country, but on the whole they "held" it. The population decline in the peripheral territories of the microregion occurred at a faster pace compared to the peripheral territories of other parts of the country. The most rapid population decline, as in the country as a whole, took place in small rural settlements. This ensured further concentration of the population in large cities and compression of the developed, inhabited space of the North and the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Studying the health status of the population is important and necessary, since this factor is one of the main indicators of a person’s social well-being. General or partial population censuses play an important role in obtaining the necessary information on this issue and taking government measures in the field of health and demography. The main purpose of this article is to study the health status of the population living in the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province, based on the published materials of the First General Census of the Russian Empire in 1897. They were also the main source of this study. The program of materials for the said All-Russian Population Census, in particular, contained a question about the “obsession with physical disabilities” of the respondents. According to the current Russian legislation, these were recognized as those who were blind in both eyes, deaf-mute, dumb and insane (feeble-minded) from birth or who became so at a certain age. Information about them should have been appropriately reflected in the census forms. The compilers of the census materials limited themselves to including the physical characteristics of a person as a necessary component in three tables containing information about the family-age, linguistic and class composition of the Russian population. The information obtained during the census for the Astrakhan province shows that, in accordance with the results of the census tables, almost the entire population of the above province at the time of the census was practically healthy, with the exception of 0.32%, who were persons with disabilities. In the Kalmyk steppe, this figure was 0.38% of the total population, of which the majority, according to class, were foreigners. Of the 138,572 Kalmyks who lived in the province as a whole, there were only 543 unhealthy people with certain physical ailments; in the Kalmyk steppe, respectively, out of 122,573 Kalmyks - 480 people, i.e. 63 people stayed outside of nomad’s camp.Our comprehensive analysis of the materials from the general population census of 1897 made it possible to give a true, as far as possible under those conditions, picture of the health status of the population of the Astrakhan province and the Kalmyk steppe at the end of the 19th century.

Purpose – In this study, the authors examine the push and pull effects of extreme weather events on migration among governorates in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach – To estimate the effect of extreme weather events on internal migration, the authors use migration gravity models and data from the 1996 and 2006 Population and Housing Censuses. The authors measure weather extremes by the number of months in the past 36 months with temperatures or precipitation of a governorate below the 5th percentile and above the 95th percentile of the distribution of monthly temperatures or precipitation of the corresponding governorate during the period 1900–2006. Findings – This study’s results suggest that high temperatures in the origin area act as a push factor. High-temperature extremes have a positive effect on out-migration. A 1% increase in the number of months with high-temperature extremes in the original governorate results in a 0.1% increase in the number of out-migrants. Practical implications – The study suggests that people may respond to weather extremes through migration. However, climate migrants in Egypt may encounter several significant risks that authorities must address. Originality/value – This study is one of the first attempts to measure the push and pull effect of weather extremes on migration in Egypt.

This study analysed Ghana’s demographic patterns as shown by the 2000, 2010, and 2021 censuses and considered how these trends may affect Christian missions. According to the analysis, Ghana’s Muslim population has been steadily increasing over time, and by the year 2096, it may have a Muslim majority. Christian mission organisations working in Ghana must reevaluate their methods and approaches in order to effectively interact with and minister to a shifting religious landscape as a result of this probable demographic upheaval. The study also investigated the probable effects of a Muslim majority in Ghana and discussed the consequences for Christian missionary work, emphasising the need for cultural sensitivity, interfaith communication, and contextualised approaches to engage with the diverse religious beliefs and practices of Ghanaians. This study further examined what this demographic trend suggests and its implication for evangelism and intentional Christlike disciple making if a reversal is to be envisaged. The thesis statement of the paper is that Islam in Ghana unlike Christianity is witnessing steady growth, and the Church is enjoined by her calling to make Christlike disciples for her future survival. This article belongs to the field of missiology. It employed a transdisciplinary approach that incorporated statistical hermeneutics, hermeneutics of comparative theology, history of religion and demography to interpret quantitative results and determine their place and meaning in the religious landscape and their implications for Christian Mission.

Populations of rare and endangered species are nowadays in peril due to large-scale habitat conversion, and even sizeable and stable populations are confronted with unexpected challenges. We conducted a full census of a proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) population in Balikpapan Bay and located 292 one-male-multifemale units and 67 all-male units in 2022. Using data on average group size, subsampled from Balikpapan Bay, we estimated a total population size of 3907 individuals. The rate of proboscis monkey habitat loss in Balikpapan Bay has been slowing down to the current 0.69% per year. It is predicted that habitat recovery may exceed habitat loss after 13 years. The Indonesian capital city relocation was announced in 2019 with spatial plans designed to cover a total land area of 2,560 km2 across various habitats until 2045. A total number of 1449 individuals (37.08% of the population) were found on 80.55 km2 (41.29%) of habitat that overlapped with current spatial plans of Nusantara Capital city. The construction work just started; before that, the government had already claimed it would be a "smart, green, beautiful, and sustainable city". We, therefore, include our recommendations to mitigate the impact of the construction and to pursue the goal to construct the most sustainable capital city, concerning local biodiversity and thus become a pioneer in a new direction of proboscis monkey conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is, with INEGI in Mexico are the only ones in the world to claim the "geography". But is it a scientific guarantee for researchers who implement local census data? The large number of territorial categories of official statistics of present-day Brazil reveals a great wealth of data, provided they are not considered as a "turnkey" material for research.From a pre-statistical European model inherited from the colonial period to the rationality of the state, then to the liberal and post-modern context that spread in the globalized world, the IBGE categories reveal the paradoxes due to the superposition of different points of view on how to characterize the urban space. This translates into difficulties in understanding and using aggregated population data on official spatial and urban categories. The avatars of the current situation are symptomatic of the paradigm of complexity that increasingly influences the quantitative approach in the social sciences and more generally reflects a break between citizens, policies and the logic of experts. Based on an in-depth analysis of territorial categories produced by the IBGE, the article uses these sources to understand the criteria that prevail in the divisions of space and in the definition of the urban space by the institution in order to assess the interest and limitations of using these sources of information. This analysis should allow a better understanding and better use of the rich dataset spread by the national statistical services.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in wildlife surveying, including estimation of population densities. It is essential that we evaluate and test new survey methods to guide optimal sampling strategies. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of using a UAV‐mounted thermal infrared (TIR) camera to count red deer Cervus elaphus populations, and how this was influenced by flight season, height and velocity, in order to help guide future census design. We flew 57 flights across a captive population of red deer in a 13 ha deer park enclosure of semi‐natural habitat, representative of the species' range in northern Germany. Flights and image assessments were performed with no prior knowledge of actual population size. Accuracy was quantified by comparing real population size (known only to deer park staff) and independently estimated population sizes from UAV TIR images. Accuracy was significantly influenced by ecological season (early and late winter, spring and early summer) and height. Across all seasons, lower flights (100 m) performed better than higher ones (120 m), with lower flights in early winter and early summer being on average accurate to within 1% of actual population counts. For the season where we had the largest range of temperatures between flights (late winter) we found that accuracy was highest when temperatures were lowest. Flights were also able to identify all five stags (defined as a male deer ≥ 2 years old) present in early summer, but not in spring. Deer appeared to avoid the landing/take‐off area, but there were no noted behavioural responses to drones flying over animals when at constant height and velocity during surveys. Our results indicate that UAV‐mounted TIR camera have the potential to accurately count populations of large ungulate species, but that flight season, height and potentially temperature need to be taken into account to maximise accuracy. This approach has the potential to be scaled up to more accurately estimate densities of wild populations compared to existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analysed Ghana's demographic patterns as shown by the 2000, 2010, and 2021 censuses and considered how these trends may affect Christian missions. According to the analysis, Ghana's Muslim population has been steadily increasing over time, and by the year 2096, it may have a Muslim majority. Christian mission organisations working in Ghana must reevaluate their methods and approaches in order to effectively interact with and minister to a shifting religious landscape as a result of this probable demographic upheaval. The study also investigated the probable effects of a Muslim majority in Ghana and discussed the consequences for Christian missionary work, emphasising the need for cultural sensitivity, interfaith communication, and contextualised approaches to engage with the diverse religious beliefs and practices of Ghanaians. This study further examined what this demographic trend suggests and its implication for evangelism and intentional Christlike disciple making if a reversal is to be envisaged. The thesis statement of the paper is that Islam in Ghana unlike Christianity is witnessing steady growth, and the Church is enjoined by her calling to make Christlike disciples for her future survival. This article belongs to the field of missiology. It employed a transdisciplinary approach that incorporated statistical hermeneutics, hermeneutics of comparative theology, history of religion and demography to interpret quantitative results and determine their place and meaning in the religious landscape and their implications for Christian Mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decades, the population of the North of Russia has decreased by more than a quarter. The leading cause is migration outflow, with natural population movement also contributing to the overall population decline. Comparing the data of the last two censuses will make it possible to understand the full depth of the transformational processes. The purpose of the study is to analyze the demographic trends and changes in population distribution in the North of Russia based on the results of the 2021 All-Russian Population Census. The originality of the article lies in the fact that the analysis was carried out at all levels: the macro level, regions, municipalities, and urban settlements. The article shows that with a general population decline, there is further urbanization of the northern regions and a reduction in the number and proportion of rural residents. Particularly high population decline is demonstrated by such regions of the European North as the republics of Komi and Karelia as well as the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions. The authors have identified trends in population distribution, such as an increase in the proportion of the population of large cities and a decrease in the average population of towns and urban-type settlements. Population distribution in the North of Russia is influenced by factors such as the size of the settlement, economic specialization, ethnic composition, and geographical location of the settlement. With the help of spatial analysis, the study identified the clusters of municipalities and settlements with the best and worst trends since 2010. Using Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient, the authors studied the unevenness of population distribution and economic activity. The study also revealed that in the vast majority of municipalities in the North, the proportion of men has decreased, which may adversely affect local labor markets. The results of the study may find application in public administration and the development of strategies and programs for the socioeconomic development of the northern territories. Further research should consider such characteristics of the population as age, ethnic composition, place of birth, length of residence, number of children, and housing conditions.

The main characteristic of the population changes in Serbia since the beginning of the 21st century is increasingly pronounced depopulation. The difference in the number of births and deaths is continuously increasing to the detriment of births, and emigration traditionally exceeds immigration during the entire analyzed period 2002-2022. The problem in the analysis of population dynamics in Serbia is the lack of methodological consistency in the results of population censuses, so the main goal of this paper is the methodological harmonization of census data to see as realistically as possible the population changes in the period of the last three censuses in 2002, 2011 and 2022. Overall, the depopulation in Serbia is by about 135,000 higher in the period 2002-2022, if we correct the officially published data, while the importance of the negative net migration in the total population changes has increased to over 20%. Population decline is present in as many as 95% of the settlements in Serbia.

We aim to find a way to effectively integrate a non-probability (voluntary) sample under the data framework, where the study variable is also observed in a probability sample of some statistical survey. The selection bias that arises from voluntary participation in the survey is corrected by estimating the inclusion into the sample probabilities (propensity scores) for the units in the non-probability sample. The estimators for the propensity scores are constructed using a parametric logistic regression model. We consider two modeling scenarios: with an assumption that the willingness to participate in the voluntary survey does not depend on the survey variable itself and that such a variable does contribute to whether the individual responds or not. The maximum likelihood method is applied in both scenarios to estimate the propensity scores. The estimators of the population mean based on the estimated propensity scores are linearly combined with the unbiased estimator using the probability sample data. We compare the constructed estimators in the simulation study, where we estimate the population proportions using data from the Population and Housing Census surveys.

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Exploring population dynamics and its driving factors has important practical significance for guiding reasonable population distribution. In view of this, this paper systematically analyzes the population dynamics and driving factors in China based on the latest three decennial censuses, using research methods such as the population concentration index, the center of gravity model, relative change in population density and multiple linear regression. The conclusions are as follows: (1) China's population distribution is uneven, and the trend of polarization in population distribution is increasingly evident. The spatial differences in population growth are shifting from east–west to north–south. Under the influence of the "core–periphery effect", more people are gathering in a few large cities. (2) The factors affecting population changes have obvious temporal variability: terrain and temperature have an increasing impact on China's population changes. Temperature in particular has become an important factor in China's population changes. Population changes are gradually shifting from being driven by a single economic factor to being driven jointly by social and economic factors. (3) The factors affecting population changes also have obvious spatial heterogeneity: temperature affects population changes in both the eastern and central–western regions, while terrain only affects population changes in the central–western regions. Currently, population changes in the economically developed eastern region are more driven by economic factors, while the central–western regions are driven by both economic and social factors. Central cities in the central–western regions are experiencing accelerated population agglomeration, while central cities in the eastern region are losing their ability to attract population agglomeration. The above conclusion basically clarifies the patterns and influencing factors of China's population changes since the 21st century, which can provide a useful reference for future population development and regional planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author aims to describe the dissemination of microdata from the population census by National Statistical Offices. This type of data is highly confidential, and approaches to protection vary across the world. National Statistical Offices mostly strive to publish their data as much as possible, but they are bounded by national and international laws to protect the personal data of respondents. The primary goal is mapping the differences between countries and their categorization. Different approaches to microdata availability are described, and various data access approaches are depicted. The information was obtained from publicly available documentation and a survey in which selected statistical offices were contacted. Discovered were that of the 223 countries (including dependent territories), 100 countries have made microdata available for the scientific community, with 30 countries also providing microdata access to the public. This paper presents a mapped overview and aggregated information on the publication of microdata of the population census from around the world.

This article explores the techno-political controversies related to the implementation of the 2020 census in Brazil. Through interviews and documentary research, I have mapped the techno-moral debates and the socio-technical transformations of two of its devices: the questionnaire and the budget. This approach allowed to highlight the emergence of a form of activism carried by the mobilization of experts. The text concludes by interpreting the census as an informational infrastructure that inscribes, imagines and stabilizes ideals for the future through numbers.

Population censuses are increasingly using administrative information and sampling as alternatives to collecting detailed data from individuals. Non-probability samples can also be an additional, relatively inexpensive data source, although they require special treatment. In this paper, we consider methods for integrating a non-representative volunteer sample into a population census survey, where the complementary probability sample is drawn from the rest of the population. We investigate two approaches to correcting non-probability sample selection bias: adjustment using propensity scores, which models participation in the voluntary sample, and doubly robust estimation, which has the property of persisting possible misspecification of the latter model. We combine the estimators of population parameters that correct the selection bias with the estimators based on a representative union of both samples. Our analysis shows that the availability of detailed auxiliary information simplifies the applied estimation procedures, which are efficient in the Lithuanian census survey. Our findings also reveal the biased nature of the non-probability sample. For instance, when estimating the proportions of professed religions, smaller religious communities exhibit a higher participation rate than other groups. The combination of estimators corrects such selection bias. Our methodology for combining the voluntary and probability samples can be applied to other sample surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migratory connectivity is a metric of the co‐occurrence of migratory animals originating from different breeding sites, and like their spatial dispersion, can vary substantially during the annual cycle. Together, both these properties affect the optimal times and sites of population censusing. We tracked taiga bean geese (Anser fabalis fabalis) during 2014–2021 to study their migratory connectivity and nonbreeding movements and determine optimal periods to assess the size of their main flyway population. We also compared available census data with tracking data, to examine how well two existing censuses covered the population. Daily Mantel's correlation between breeding and nonbreeding sites lay between 0 and 0.5 during most of the nonbreeding season, implying birds from different breeding areas were not strongly separated at other times in the annual cycle. However, the connectivity was higher among birds from the westernmost breeding areas compared to the birds breeding elsewhere. Daily Minimum Convex Polygons showed tracked birds were highly aggregated at census times, confirming their utility. The number of tracked birds absent at count sites during the censuses however exceeded numbers double‐counted at several sites, indicating that censuses might have underestimated the true population size. Our results show that connectivity can vary in different times during the nonbreeding period, and should be studied throughout the annual cycle. Our results also confirm previous studies, which have found that estimates using marked individuals usually produce higher population size estimates than total counts. This should be considered when using total counts to assess population sizes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reports the first estimation of the Eurasian lynx population inhabiting the Ukrainian Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ, 2600 km2) in 2013–2018. Although lynx were once common in this region, anthropogenic impacts reduced their numbers substantially by the 19th century, leaving lynx as only occasional visitors to the area. In 1986 after an accident on the Chornobyl NPP the human population was removed from the areas affected by radioactive contamination, and regular economic activity was stopped there. As a result, a gradual recovery of the lynx population was observed. Assessments of the given study are based on camera trap data obtained from wildlife studies conducted in 2013–2018 over nearly 30% of total CEZ area. The number of locations where the camera traps worked simultaneously ranged from 5 to 89. Lynx was recorded 302 times, including 125 observations of 50 identifiable individuals. The total size of the lynx population was estimated to be approximately 53 to 68 individuals of all sex and age groups. For the identified lynx, sex was defined for 22 individuals: 6 females and 16 males. Eleven of 50 identified individuals were cubs. Over the whole period 6 family groups were recorded, 5 of which were females which had 2 cubs, and one a female with a single cub. Most of the identified lynx (33 of 50) were each recorded in one location only. In those cases when the individuals were repeatedly observed in 2 or more locations (up to 6) the maximum distance between locations ranged 1–23 km (mean distance = 1.9 km). The density of animals was approximately 2.2–2.7 individuals per 100 km2, which is comparable to other areas of Europe where conditions are favourable for this species. Whilst only a preliminary estimate, our results indicate that 32 years after the Chornobyl NPP accident, the CEZ has one of the highest lynx populations in Ukraine. Conditions for lynx are favourable in the CEZ because it has abundant prey species (roe deer and red deer), high forest cover (more than 63%), absence of a residential human population, no agricultural activity, a low level of disturbance from other human activity, and the area has protected status. The recovery of lynx in the CEZ demonstrates the conservation benefits that even unmanaged rewilding can achieve.

We aimed to make censuses of Puffinus yelkouan at the Dardanelles and to evaluate the movements at the Aegean and the Marmara Sea during the early breeding period. Field studies were carried out in the morning and afternoon for 40 days between 6 February and 22 March 2019. In the censuses, the highest number of birds, passing in both directions in a day was 78145 individuals; 56451 of them were counted in the direction of the Aegean Sea on 17 February, which is the highest number counted in one direction in a day. As a result, the number of birds crossing to the Aegean Sea through the Dardanelles in the afternoon is significantly higher than the number of birds crossing to the Aegean Sea in the morning. In the afternoon, the number of birds flying towards the Aegean Sea is significantly higher than the number of birds flying towards the Marmara Sea. Considering that the species visits the breeding colonies at night, this movement pattern could be related to the fact that the shearwater breeding population is predominantly found in the Aegean or in the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, some issues, such as how long the birds stay in these sea regions after flying to the Aegean Sea or the Marmara Sea, which route they follow or how the flocks mix require further investigation.

This article explores the techno-political controversies related to the implementation of the 2020 census in Brazil. Through interviews and documentary research, I have mapped the techno-moral debates and the socio-technical transformations of two of its devices: the questionnaire and the budget. This approach allowed to highlight the emergence of a form of activism carried by the mobilization of experts. The text concludes by interpreting the census as an informational infrastructure that inscribes, imagines and stabilizes ideals for the future through numbers.

On the basis of population censuses covering the Ukrainian territory at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, the article overviews the dynamics of the number of Lithuanians and reveals statistical regularities. The importance and relevance of this study are seen in the fact that Lithuanians are not an accidental ethnic group on the territory of Ukraine. The relationships between the two nations have been evolving since the time of the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Both the ethnic Lithuanian lands and most of the Ukrainian lands fell into the hands of the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, and in the post-war years of the second half of the 20th century were a part of the totalitarian USSR. Lithuanians are still actively present in the modern ethnic palette of Ukraine, which is why it is interesting to investigate the numbers of this particular ethnic group within the territory of Ukraine. The main source of research is the population censuses conducted by the Russian Empire, Poland (1920s-1930s), the USSR, and independent Ukraine. The factors that influenced the quantitative changes of the studied ethnic group are indicated, and the ethno-demographic situation depicted in the censuses and its reasons are analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]