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Pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan pemekaran Daerah Otonom Baru (DOB) Papua dengan tiga tambahan provinsi, seperti Papua Selatan, Papua Tengah, dan Papua Pegunungan. Namun, kebijakan tersebut mendapat penolakan dari masyarakat Papua dengan cara melakukan propaganda penggunaan bendera Bintang Kejora. Bendera tersebut dikibarkan pada saat menyampaikan pernyataan sikap penolakan pemekaran Papua dan pada saat aksi unjuk rasa menolak pemekaran Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tentang aksi-aksi penolakan pemekaran Papua yang menggunakan bendera Bintang Kejora. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengacu pada teori propaganda dan pendekatan multitrack peace building. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode propaganda yang dilakukan oleh Tentara Pembebasan Nasional Papua Barat (TPNPB) dan massa aksi unjuk rasa Petisi Rakyat Papua (PRP) berupa metode pervasif dengan cara pengiriman pesan secara masif dan terus-menerus mengenai penggunaan Bintang Kejora sebagai bentuk penolakan terhadap kebijakan pemerakan Papua. Makna Bintang Kejora tersebut mengalami pergeseran dari yang sebelumnya bermakna sebagai hasil dari pengalaman mitologi yang diyakini membawa kedamaian dan kesejahteraan, menjadi suatu bentuk perlawanan terhadap pemerintah, termasuk penolakan kebijakan pemekaran Papua. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah aksi yang dilakukan TPNPB dan PRP merupakan upaya propaganda menyampaikan kepada sasaran propaganda bahwa Bintang Kejora merupakan simbol perlawanan terhadap kebijakan pemerintah.

Kampung Bahari Nusantara is a village that can serve as a form of unity between the Indonesian Army and the coastal communities to support the Indonesian Navy's task of developing maritime potential. Maritime potential development activities are carried out independently or with support from the government or non-ministerial government institutions, as well as other components of the nation, in order to realize the maritime defense power. These activities strengthen the maritime defense in facing threats, disturbances, obstacles, and challenges, including the development of sea dimension strength, and assists the government in preparing national potential by fostering demographic geography and social conditions. This research on the participation of the Lamongan Coastal Community was carried out using qualitative research methods with direct and indirect sources from various writings. This research utilizes a naturalistic method as it is carried out in a natural setting and is based on the experience research subjects.KEYWORDS: Kampung Bahari Nusantara, Community Empowerment, Coastal Communities

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, and concerns about psychological, social, and economic consequences are growing rapidly. Individuals’ empathy-based reactions towards others may be an important resilience factor in the face of COVID-19. Self-report data from 15,375 participants across 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study examined different facets of empathy—Perspective-Taking, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress, and their association with cross-cultural ratings on Individualism, Power Distance, The Human Development Index, Social Support Ranking, and the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, as well as the currently confirmed number of cases of COVID-19 at the time of data collection. The highest ratings on Perspective-Taking were obtained for USA, Brazil, Italy, Croatia, and Armenia (from maximum to minimum), on Empathetic Concern, for the USA, Brazil, Hungary, Italy, and Indonesia, and on Personal Distress, from Brazil, Turkey, Italy, Armenia, Indonesia. Results also present associations between demographic factors and empathy across countries. Limitations and future directions are presented.

Prior and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have resulted in substantial changes to everyday life. The pandemic and measures of its control affect mental health negatively. Self-reported data from 15,375 participants from 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two questionnaires measuring anxiety level were used in this study-the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI). The associations between a set of social indicators on anxiety during COVID-19 (e.g., sex, age, country, live alone) were tested as well. Self-reported anxiety during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic varied across countries, with the maximum levels reported for Brazil, Canada, Italy, Iraq and the USA. Sex differences of anxiety levels during COVID-19 were also examined, and results showed women reported higher levels of anxiety compared to men. Overall, our results demonstrated that the self-reported symptoms of anxiety were higher compared to those reported in general before pandemic. We conclude that such cultural dimensions as individualism/collectivism, power distance and looseness/tightness may function as protective adaptive mechanisms against the development of anxiety disorders in a pandemic situation. Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [075-15-2020-910]; Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud UniversityKing Saud University; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) [K125437] In Russia (V.N.B., M.L.B., J.F.), this article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID: 075-15-2020-910). The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through Support to Ahmad M. Alghraibeh (Saudi Arabia). Data collection in Hungary was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) awarded to the twenty-seventh author (K125437). WOS:000638899900001 2-s2.0-85104184486