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Data on soil moisture reserves are the basis for decision-making in the agricultural boghara system, because it determines the development of agricultural crops potential, terms of top-dressing and additional fertilizing, and makes it possible to predict yield of agricultural crops. In this article the influence of relief morphometric characteristics on the distribution of precipitation over the territory was studied. The research area is the land of the eastern part of Klepininsky rural settlement of Krasnogvardeysky district, the central part of Crimean Peninsula. The article considers approaches, divided into 2 main categories (according to the type of data used), based on the use of GIS capabilities and remote sensing data, to analyze the soil water content (SWC) using the example of research area and relationship of this parameter to the terrain relief. It was established that the morphometric characteristics of relief affect the amount of soil moisture.

The problem of soil parameters modeling and input data preparation are considered in the article. The use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool was analyzed. The question of the soil water content and basic soil agronomic characteristics was considered. The SWAT project was created for the period of 2014-2017 years and could be prolonged. A soil map and cartographic information were digitized for the analysis of soil characteristics. An assessment of soils moisture absorption in different key areas was made in the course of the research.

A description of five mathematical models of the water-retention capacity of soil is given, taking into account the hysteresis phenomena. A computational experiment was carried out with these models using data on sandy soil. The experiment consisted of: (i) tuning of the models (parameter identification) by the method of dot-approximation of experimental data on the main drying and wetting branches of the hysteresis loop using an optimizing algorithm; (ii) the predictive calculation of the scanning branches of the hysteresis loop; (iii) a comparison of the errors in tuning results and the predictive calculation using the Williams-Kloot criteria. The commensurate and sufficiently low errors in the adjustment of the models have been achieved. The differences in the calculation of the scanning hysteresis branches are revealed. The practical significance of the mathematical models presented is to ensure the calculation of precision irrigation rates. The application of such rates in irrigation farming will help to prevent excess moisture from flowing beyond the root layer of the soil under the influence of gravity and, thus, to minimize the losses (unproductive consumption) of irrigation water, fertilizers, meliorants and plant protection products, and also reduce the risk of groundwater contamination with agrochemicals and eutrophication of water bodies.