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Between April and October 2018, we studied the wildlife road mortality on two roads from the western region of the Southern Carpathians, Romania. One of these roads follows the course of the Jiu River and is situated in the Jiu Gorge National Park. The other road ascends to the Vulcan Pass. On both roads, wildlife road mortality was studied with monthly frequency on four road sectors, each with a length of 500 meters. We identified 2766 road-killed animals, which belonged to 72 taxa, on the surveyed roads. On the road from the Jiu River Gorge, the number of corpses was double compared to the road from the Vulcan Pass, but the number of taxa was slightly higher. The wildlife road mortality on the two studied roads reflects the composition and peculiarities of the fauna from the neighboring regions, but also the human impact from the past. Thus, the sectors with the lowest road mortality were those affected by other types of human impact besides the road (constructed areas, touristic resources, open areas, etc.). Moreover, the climatic peculiarities of the studied year had a noticeable imprint on the wildlife road mortality. Thus, the cold spring of 2018 made field activity impossible in March (when it was still very cold and snowy). Also, there was a severe cooling in June, as the study day was very cold and windy, which triggered an unusual reduction in road mortality intensity. Local differences in road mortality can be noticed in the case of both studied roads, although the differences between them were not significant. Thus, in the higher areas from Vulcan Pass, we found corpses of animals related to a colder mountain climate. At the same time, in the Jiu River Gorge, animals related directly or indirectly to water were killed (as the road parallels the Jiu River). In the southern areas of the Gorge, we found road-killed animals related to a warmer climate. The differences in wildlife road mortality between the two studied roads could be considered consequences of different road traffic and speeds. Still, they were also caused by differences in habitats, altitude, or fauna composition between the two areas. Because of the high number of road-killed protected animals on roads situated in a national park and in its vicinity, the road network from the protected region should be carefully monitored in the future as the protected area administration should search for appropriate mitigation measures and avoid any construction or modernization of roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delineates several aspects of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD)—a common complication of cystic fibrosis (CF). CFRD exhibits a predilection for older individuals with CF, yet it also extends its influence on children and adolescents. Scientific insights postulate a potential link between CFRD and the aberrant mucus production within the pancreas, thereby culminating in pancreatic insufficiency. This, in turn, perturbs the synthesis of insulin, a pivotal endocrine hormone responsible for the regulation of glycemic levels. Standardized protocols advocate for the systematic screening of CFRD among all individuals with CF, commencing at the age of 10 years using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Therapeutic modalities encompass insulin therapy, dietary adjustments, and the vigilant monitoring of glycemic parameters. The overarching objective is to maintain blood glucose levels within a targeted range to mitigate the advent of diabetic complications. Untreated or sub-optimally managed CFRD can precipitate a spectrum of deleterious health ramifications, encompassing cardiovascular afflictions, neuropathy, renal dysfunction, and ocular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis is a polymorphic disease characterized by severe genetic dysfunctions. Besides the complex genetic background, most patients with cystic fibrosis also have increased susceptibility to infections and and their nutritional status is affected. Chronic pulmonary infection and gastrointestinal or nutritional abnormalities are characteristics of this disorder. Of our selected 56 subjects, 21.28% presented a pulmonary condition, and 28.57% digestive deregulation. We also observed that the infectious status in cystic fibrosis was dominated by respiratory infections (71.42%), and the main pathogens were Streptococcus. pneumoniae, Haemophilus. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus. Additionally, it seems that while pulmonary function is strongly linked with adequate nutrition and weight gain, monitoring weight and pulmonary function are fundamental aspects in understanding the mechanisms of cystic fibrosis, and a very important parameter for a better management of this disorder. Early identification of nutrition and infectious risk factors is necessary for the effective and timely interventions that can have a positive impact on disease outcome. Infectious and nutritional aspects and interactions between the two are described. It is expected that management of cystic fibrosis will significantly improve.

Cholestasis is a multifactorial disorder with various biological, infectious, toxic, genetic and metabolic manifestations, its principal feature presented as reduced bile flow or abnormalities in bile formation. It has lately been accepted that some specific biological markers would shorten the period needed to establish a positive diagnosis, as currently it is necessary to navigate through a complex diagnostic protocol for this disorder. The purpose of this study was to establish some biological parameters and biomarkers useful for cholestasis management in children. Two hundred thirty-two children with cholestasis were selected, during a six-year study. The biological indicators followed were serum bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Our data showed that certain biological parameters are more often involved in the various forms of cholestasis, and the conclusions of this study could be useful in the early detection of cholestasis and appropriate disease management.

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Copyright of Pediatru.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Sebiş town from Arad County, western Romania, we recorded 17 terrestrial isopod species. The study was made in the autumn of 2017, with the direct collecting method. The most common isopod in SebiŞ is a species linked to open areas (Trachelipus nodulosus). The most favorable habitat type for terrestrial isopods in Sebiş town was the periurban area, presenting the highest species richness. This habitat type is less affected by human activities compared to the other habitat types, thus it shelters species both with restrictive and larger ecological demands. Unlike another town from the region, Sebiş town is bordered north by forests. Native, forest and wetland species are present especially in the periurban area, some of them being present exclusively here. However, some of these species are present occasionally in the industrial area, which is mostly abandoned and situated at the town's outskirts. The terrestrial isopod fauna from Sebiş underlines the importance of natural and forested areas close to the town, at least in the case of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On two local roads situated near Abramut locality in western Romania we studied in the year 2017 the effect of the seasons and the roads' surrounding habitats upon the fauna road mortality. We analyzed both road-killed invertebrates and vertebrates in three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) and on two road segments of the same length, bordered with different habitat types, and situated at only few kilometers from each other. One of the road segments was surrounded with a forest and the other with agricultural terrains. Totally, on the two roads 571 animals were killed by cars, from which 555 were invertebrates and only 16 vertebrates. The number of taxons and the victims' diversity were higher on the road near the forest in each season. In spring and summer the individuals' number was higher near the forest, but in autumn the individuals' number was higher on the road surrounded by agricultural terrains because of the high number of road-killed Heteroptera Pyrrhocoridae. On the road bordered with the forest animals related to humid forested areas were killed, including protected amphibian species. On the road surrounded by agricultural terrains common and generalist animals were killed, but also animals, like bees, attracted by the blooming culture plants. These results clearly indicate the negative effect of the road traffic upon the native fauna, especially on the road bordered with forests, in contrast to the road that crosses agricultural terrains, a fact that should be taken into account when upgrading or constructing new roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatru.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatru.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatru.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neonatal cholestasis is a condition commonly found in pediatric practice and is often a real diagnostic trap and thus conduct. Under the presence of clinical signs and/or laboratory cholestasis must be followed a protocol to identify the etiology in a short time and with minimal costs. Careful early evaluation (after the age of 14 days) is needed to establish the effective decisions in the management of cholestasis in newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatru.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aspiration of a foreign body in a small child is a medical emergency. The evolution depends on the nature and volume of the foreign body, the possibility of complete extraction by bronchoscopy, and the rapidity of performing the bronchoscopy before installing the possible lethal complications. The positive mark is particularly useful, but in the absence of it, the clinical signs are of particular importance. Interdisciplinary collaboration and adequate equipment are extremely important for the favorable evolution of the case with restitutio ad integrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholestasis is defined as the accumulation of components of bile in the bloodstream, most frequently manifested as conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Cholestasis results from diminished bile flow and/or excretion, which can be the result of a number of different causes, in the newborn period or later on in life. Careful early evaluation is necessary in order to take effective decisions in the management of cholestasis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatru.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neonatal hepatitis represents an often met pediatric pathology. In order to determine a diagnosis multiple investigations are required, to rule out other pathologies associated with cholestasis or even associated to neonatal hepatitis. , which might alter the therapeutic formula and the prognosis of the disease. 293 children were screened, admitted for various conditions that could generate intra- or extrahepatic cholestasis. Neonatal hepatitis is one of the main pathologies involved in the occurrence of cholestasis in young age. The most frequent etiology is the infectious one, most cases being engendered by the cytomegalic virus. Using a previously designed algorithm we could determine a diagnosis earlier, and we could also evaluate the systemic echo of the cholestasis. For an early, clearcut diagnosis, a previously designed diagnosis protocol must be acquired in the case of a child with cholestasis, as neonatal hepatitis represents a significant proportion of the children with cholestasis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal hepatitis represents an often met pediatric pathology. In order to determine a diagnosis multiple investigations are required, to rule out other pathologies associated with cholestasis or even associated to neonatal hepatitis, which might alter the therapeutic formula and the prognosis of the disease. The study aim to underline the importance of early identification of the cholestasis and it's objective manifestations through a detailed protocole. Material and method: 293 children were screened, admitted for various conditions that could generate intra- or extrahepatic cholestasis. Results: Neonatal hepatitis is one of the main pathologies involved in the occurrence of cholestasis in young age. The most frequent etiology is the infectious one, most cases being engendered by the cytomegalic virus. Using a previously designed algorithm we could determine a diagnosis earlier, and we could also evaluate the systemic echo of the cholestasis. Conclusions: For an early, clearcut diagnosis, a previously designed diagnosis protocol must be acquired in the case of a child with cholestasis, as neonatal hepatitis represents a significant proportion of the children with cholestasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducere. Boala fi catului gras non-alcoolic (NAFLD), cea mai frecventă cauză a bolii hepatice cronice la copii, cuprinde un spectru de afecţiuni variind de la steatoză simplă până la steatohepatită (NASH). Acidul ursodeoxicolic (UDCA) a fost utilizat la pacienţi adulţi cu NASH, demonstrându-şi efi cacitatea în doze crescute. Scop. De a evalua efectul tratamentului cu doze crescute de UDCA asupra parametrilor funcţiei hepatice la copii cu NASH. Metode. Lotul de studiu a fost constituit din 18 copii cu NASH cu vârste cuprinse între 2,5 şi 17 ani. NASH a fost operaţional defi nit ca fi catul difuz hiperechogenic la ecografi e cu valori persistent crescute (> 35 UI/l) ale alanin aminotransferazei (ALAT) sau aspartat aminotransferazei (AST), după excluderea cauzelor virale, drog sau alcool induse, colestatice sau genetice ale bolii hepatice. Pacienţii au fost trataţi cu acid ursodeoxicolic (20 mg/kg/zi), timp de şase luni. Rezultate. Tratamentul cu UDCA a determinat scăderea semnifi cativă a valorilor transaminazelor hepatice. Nivelurile ALT au variat între 68,5 (50-166) iniţial vs 47 (29-104) după şase luni, p < 0,001, AST între 43 (29-101) vs 34 (17-75), p < 0,001, şi GGT între 41,5 (11-150) vs. 22 (8-55). La sfârşitul tratamentului, niveluri ALT s-au normalizat la 4 dintre pacienţi. De asemenea, concentraţiile de colesterol au fost semnifi cativ reduse după tratament. Concluzii. Tratamentul cu doze crescute de acid ursodeoxicolic imbunătăţeşte parametrii funcţiei hepatice la copii cu NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children, encompasses a range of disease from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been used in adult pacients with NASH, demonstrating its efficacy in high doses. Purpose. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on liver functions in children with NASH. Methods. We prospectively studied 18 children with NASH aged 2.5 to 17 years. NASH was operationally defi ned as diffusely hyperechogenic liver at ultrasonography with persistently elevated (> 35 UI/l) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferaze (AST) after exclusion of viral, alcohol-induced, druginduced, cholestatic and genetic causes of liver disease. Patients were treated with ursodeoxycolic acid (20 mg/ kg per day) for six month. Results. Treatment with UDCA signifi cantly decreased hepatic transaminases. ALT levels ranged from 68.5 (50-166) at baseline vs. 47 (29-104) after six month, p <0.001, AST from 43 (29-101) 34 (17-75), p < 0.001, and GGT between 41.5 (11-150) vs. 22 (8-55). At the end of treatment, ALT levels normalized in 4 patients. Moreover, cholesterol levels were signifi cantly reduced after treatment. Conclusions. Treatment with high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid improves liver function parameters in children with NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune systemic enteropathy triggered by gluten intake in patients with genetic susceptibility, characterized by clinic polymorphism: classic forms, mainly with digestive features, and atypical forms, liver involvement being a part of them. In present, any unknown cytolysis requires screening serologic determinations for CD., Aims: to assess the presence of liver manifestations in children diagnosed with CD, the outcome of liver function with gluten-free diet (GFD) and also to emphasize the importance of the immunological screening for CD in patients with unknown etiology liver dysfunctions., Material and Methods: The trial was formed by 120 patients diagnosed with CD between January 2007 - December 2010 in 2nd and 3rd Pediatric Clinics of "Sf. Maria" Hospital Iaşi; liver function was assessed; viral hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis markers were determined; all patients were given GFD, hepatoprotective agents and antivirals specific to each form of hepatitis; the transaminases level variation was followed in time., Results: 12 of the CD diagnosed patients (10, 14%) had altered liver function at the onset of disease; the only abnormality was the increased transaminases level in 57, 14% of cases; HBsAg was found positive in 33, 33% (4 cases); liver biopsy in one patient evidenced steatosis. The study has shown that 4% of the patients with cryptogenetic hepatitis have a silent form of CD, the serologic screening for AGA, AEA, ATGA being essential for diagnosis., Conclusions: we have to rule out CD in patients with liver disease of unknown etiology, before we consider it as "cryptogenetic"; occurrence of cytolysis in the absence of positive viral markers requires the assessment of screening tests for CD.

Aim: Plurietiological hepatic cholestasis involves an increased risk of protein-caloric malnutrition and specifical nutritional deficiencies. Biological investigations to determine deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are essential for specific nutritional therapy . Although malnutrition is not an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation, its gravity has complex consequences in relation to this intervention., Material and Method: The authors present a study conducted over a period of 5 years following the analysis of 293 children diagnosed with intra- or extrahepatic abnormalities that caused varying degrees of cholestasis., Results: In the study group, the percentage of infants with cholestasis was 45.39% (133 cases) and among them 62.12% had malnutrition (82 children). Clinical evaluation of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency, in particular, but also of the soluble and minerals was performed in all patients. Liver transplantation was successfully performed in three cases., Conclusions: Most important factors affecting growth after transplantation were age at the time of the liver transplant and primary diagnosis that required transplant. The role of nutritional support prior to liver transplantation is of great importance. Quality nutritional support change impact that malnutrition has on survival after liver transplantation.