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A series of novel photo- and ionochromic N-acylated 2-(aminomethylene)benzo[ b ]thiophene-3(2 Н )-ones with a terminal phenanthroline receptor substituent was synthesized. Upon irradiation in acetonitrile or DMSO with light of 436 nm, they underwent Z - E isomerization of the C=C bond, followed by very fast N→O migration of the acyl group and the formation of nonemissive O-acylated isomers. These isomers were isolated preparatively and fully characterized by IR, 1 H, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as HRMS and XRD methods. The reverse thermal reaction was catalyzed by protonic acids. N-Acylated compounds exclusively with Fe 2+ formed nonfluorescent complexes with a contrast naked-eye effect: a color change of the solutions from yellow to dark orange. Subsequent selective interaction with AcO - led to the restoration of the initial absorption and emission properties. Thus, the obtained compounds represent dual-mode "on-off-on" switches of optical and fluorescent properties under sequential exposure to light and H + or sequential addition of Fe 2+ and AcO - ions., (Copyright © 2024, Rybalkin et al.)

Agenesis of the aortic and pulmonary valves is a very rare congenital malformation of the semilunar valves. The literature describes no more than thirty cases of such anomaly in combination with congenital heart disease. Most descriptions include aplasia of either the aortic or pulmonic valve. The combination of such defect in both valves has been described in a much smaller number of scientific papers. In this article, we present a clinical case of the treatment of a patient with agenesis of aortic valve and severely hypoplastic pulmonary valve. As a result circulatory arrest occurred immediately after birth, which required the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The child was resuscitated and transferred to the intensive care unit for further examination and treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Background: There is enough evidence of the negative impact of excess weight on the formation and progression of res piratory pathology. Given the continuing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is relevant to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the clinical features of the novel coronavirus infection (NCI)., Aim: To study the effect of BMI on the course of the acute SARS-COV-2 infection and the post-covid period., Materials and Methods: AKTIV and AKTIV 2 are multicenter non-interventional real-world registers. The АКТИВ registry (n=6396) includes non-overlapping outpatient and inpatient arms with 6 visits in each. The АКТИВ 2 registry (n=2968) collected  the  data  of  hospitalized  patients  and  included  3  visits.  All  subjects  were  divided  into  3  groups:  not  overweight  (n=2139), overweight (n=2931) and obese (n=2666)., Results: A higher BMI was significantly associated with a more severe course of the infection in the form of acute kidney injury (p=0.018), cytokine storm (p<0.001), serum C-reactive protein over 100 mg/l (p<0.001), and the need for targeted therapy (p<0.001) in the hospitalized patients. Obesity increased the odds of myocarditis by 1,84 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1,13-3,00) and the need for anticytokine therapy by 1,7 times (95% CI: 1,30-2,30).The  patients  with  the  1st  and  2nd  degree  obesity,  undergoing  the  inpatient  treatment,  tended  to  have  a  higher  probability  of  a  mortality  rate.  While  in  case  of  morbid  obesity  patients  this  tendency  is  the  most  significant  (odds  ratio  -  1,78; 95% CI: 1,13-2,70). At the same time, the patients whose chronical diseases first appeared after the convalescence period, and those who had certain complaints missing before SARS-CoV-2 infection, more often had BMI of more than 30 kg/m2 (p<0,001).Additionally, the odds of death increased by 2,23 times (95% CI: 1,05-4,72) within 3 months after recovery in obese people over the age of 60 yearsCONCLUSION.  Overweight  and/or  obesity  is  a  significant  risk  factor  for severe  course  of  the  new  coronavirus  infection  and  the associated cardiovascular and kidney damage Overweight people and patients with the 1st and 2nd degree obesity tend to have a high risk of death of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both acute and post-covid periods. On top of that, in case of morbid obesity patients this tendency is statistically significant. Normalization of body weight is a strategic objective of modern medicine and can contribute to prevention of respiratory conditions, severe course and complications of the new coronavirus infection.

Aim: Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection., Materials and Methods: The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home., Clinicaltrials: gov ID NCT04492384., Results: Most patients with COVID-19 have original comorbid diseases (oCDs). Polymorbidity assessed by way of simple counting of oCDs is an independent factor in negative outcomes of COVID-19. Search for most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 oCDs has revealed absolute domination of cardiovascular diseases (all possible variants). The most unfavorable combination of 2 oCDs includes atrial hypertension (AH) and chronic heart failure (CHF). The most unfavorable combination of 3 oCDs includes AH, coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHF; the worst combination of 4 oCDs includes AH, CHD, CHF and diabetes mellitus. Such combinations increased the risk of lethal outcomes 3.963, 4.082 and 4.215 times respectively., Conclusion: Polymorbidity determined by way of simple counting of diseases may be estimated as a factor in the lethal outcome risk in the acute phase of COVID-19 in real practice. Most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 diseases in patients with COVID-19 primarily include cardiovascular diseases (AH, CHD and CHF), diabetes mellitus and obesity. Combinations of such diseases increase the COVID-19 lethal outcome risk.

Aim      To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods  The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients' privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features). The register territory included 7 countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The registry design: a closed, multicenter registry with two nonoverlapping arms (outpatient arm and in-patient arm). The registry scheduled 6 visits, 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 virtual visits (telephone calls) at 3, 6, and 12 mos. Patient enrollment started on June 29, 2020 and was completed on October 29, 2020. The registry completion is scheduled for October 29, 2022. The registry ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. In this fragment of the study of registry data, the work group analyzed the effect of therapy for comorbidities at baseline on severity and outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection. The study population included only the patients who took their medicines on a regular basis while the comparison population consisted of noncompliant patients (irregular drug intake or not taking drugs at all despite indications for the treatment).Results The analysis of the ACTIVE registry database included 5808 patients. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 had comorbidities with prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 comorbidities influenced the course of the infectious disease in different ways. A lower risk of fatal outcome was associated with the statin treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonists and with beta-blockers in patients with IHD, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation; with oral anticoagulants (OAC), primarily direct OAC, clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor in patients with IHD; with oral antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); and with long-acting insulins in patients with type 1 DM. A higher risk of fatal outcome was associated with the spironolactone treatment in patients with CHF and with inhaled corticosteroids (iCS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Conclusion      In the epoch of COVID-19 pandemic, a lower risk of severe course of the coronavirus infection was observed for patients with chronic noninfectious comorbidities highly compliant with the base treatment of the comorbidity.

2-Benzo[ b ]thienyl fulgides and fulgimides containing bulky diphenylmethylene substituents were synthesized in the form of their ring-opened E - or Z- isomers. In contrast to the majority of known fulgides/fulgimides, that form colored ring-closed structures under UV irradiation, the obtained compounds undergo an irreversible transformation leading to decoloration of their solutions. This rearrangement with the formation of the dihydronaphthalene core appeared to be by 2-3 orders of magnitude more efficient than for the known diphenylmethylene(aryl(hetaryl))fulgides. The molecular structures of E - and Z- isomers and of products of the photoinduced rearrangement completed by 1,5-H shift reaction, 3a,4-dihydronaphtho[2,3- c ]furans(pyrroles) C , were established based on the data of 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies., (Copyright © 2020, Rybalkin et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.)

Purpose of the Study: clarify the use in the treatment of CHC patients with cytopenia alternative treatment regimens, including leukocyte interferon alpha-alfaferon with ribavirin in combination with immuno-oriented roncoleukin with contraindications to the use of recombinant interferon alpha., Materials and Methods: CHC patients with genotype 1b and high viral load, fibrosis of the liver with symptoms dissplenizma manifesting secondary leuco-and/or thrombotic syndrome tsitopenicheskim. Diagnosis of CHC was verified on the basis of clinical, epidemiological, serological and molecular biology (RNA HCV) data. Stage of fibrosis was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound in combination with dopplerography vessels of the abdominal cavity. As antiviral therapy (OEM) used a combination of drugs "Alfaferon (WBC) with ribavirin depending on body weight and Ronkoleykin" within 12 months. Statistical treatment was performed in the environment of SPSS 11.5., Results: When analyzing the results of the dynamic of clinical and laboratory (including immunological) survey during the observation period (12 months) the patients of the first group have got the positive dynamics of clinical manifestations, disappearance or significant reduction of the severity of astenovegetative and dyspeptic syndromes, reduction of the size of the liver, improvement of the liver function indicators (biochemical response), improvement of the parameters of cellular immunity, reduction of the viral load (virologic response)., Conclusions: 1. CHC patients with contraindications for causal treatment of "standard" forms of recombinant interferon-alpha, using as an OEM combination of drugs "Alfaferon (WBC) with ribavirin depending on body weight and immune-based drug" Ronkoleykin "has a positive impact on clinical manifestations, biochemical parameters of the liver (biochemical response), reduces the amount of RNA HCV in the serum (direct virologic response). 2. Registered with the decrease in the imbalance of cellular immunity (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16) factors characterizes the substitution of immuno-restoration operation of the proposed treatment regimen. 3. This specific combination of drugs "Alfaferon with ribavirin and Ronkoleykin" inside - is well tolerated, side effects have not been reported.

The comparative contribution of environmental factors to morbidity among the preschoolchildren of the town of Orsk was studied by applying currently available methods. Great morbidity is favoured by toxicosis during maternal second-half pregnancy, the poor health status of neonatal babies at birth and by the end of the first year of life, going to the nurseries where vegetable and calorie diets are not observed, the location of kindergartens in the areas with high traffic, high ambient air pollution with sulfuric anhydride and acid, and with substandard drinking water quality. Lower morbidity in children is in turn promoted by greater quantities of vegetables and fruits in the meals both at home and in the nurseries and kindergartens, over 2-month breast feeding, no adverse working conditions in their parents, as well as implementation of conditioning procedures in children.