Search

It was established that at the cathodic treatment of titanium in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of sodium molybdate, containing phosphoric acid, at the potential of the cathodic incorporation of sodium (Ec = − 2.6 V) in the potentiostatic mode, the composition formed on the electrode surface layer depended not only on the composition of the solution, but also on the volume ratio of the aqueous electrolyte solution and the organic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide).

The paper presents a digital model of psychophysiological support for students, organized at various sites of the university. The digital model of psychophysiological support includes a set of procedures and activities aimed at ensuring the impact and support of health indicators, biological functions of homeostasis, and the psychophysiological well-being of students. Among the components of the digital model is the innovative project “Online Curator”, which contains a step-by-step description of the sequence of pedagogical actions of curators of student groups, which are based on the constantly updated information resource “Electronic methodological library”. Pedagogical actions are carried out by curators based on the results of annual monitoring and identification of risk groups among the students. Typical problems of students identified during testing in 2021 were problems of the emotional and personal sphere; communication problems; intrapersonal problems and difficulties of adaptation. The resource “Electronic methodological library” described in the paper is an original bank of methodological information designed to improve the psychological and pedagogical competence of curators and to directly organize a variety of extracurricular work with students. The inclusion of the curator’s figure in collective and individual activities for the psychological support of students using IS resources allows him to effectively carry out socializing, preventive, regulatory functions, providing effective support for the psychological well-being of students.

Background: Early diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is known to improve outcomes in children. It is less clear if diagnosis in adulthood also conveys benefits. This study investigated long-term outcomes for individuals diagnosed with FASD after 18 years of age. Method: Twenty adults aged 18-45 years at FASD diagnosis were interviewed. Pre-diagnosis information was compared to follow-up information gathered between 1 and 11 years later. Results: Individuals reported high rates of mental health disorders (55%) and unemployment (85%). Pre-diagnosis, 10% received disability income and 15% were eligible for intellectual disability (ID) services. At follow-up, 90% received disability income and 85% were eligible for ID services. All (100%) enacted at least one assessment recommendation and 75% enacted two. Most (75%) reported having a diagnosis was beneficial, providing better adaptation and self-understanding. Conclusion: An FASD diagnosis in adulthood can benefit individuals through more access to supports/services and greater personal understanding and adaptation.

We study optimal transportation problems with constraints on densities of transport plans. We obtain a sharp condition for the uniqueness of an optimal solution to the Kantorovich problem with density constraints, namely that the Borel measurable cost function |$h(x, y)$| satisfies the following non-degeneracy condition: |$h(x, y)$| cannot be expressed as a sum of functions |$u(x) + v(y)$| on a set of positive measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has been reported to be disproportionately high among children in foster care compared with the general population. However, updated prevalence estimates of infants and children with FASD in foster care or the prevalence of placement of children with FASD in foster care make this unclear. This study examines two questions. Firstly, what is the prevalence of FASD among infants and children in foster care? Secondly, what is the likelihood of placement in foster care for infants and children with FASD? This review was designed using PRISMA‐SCR and JBI scoping review guidelines. Three databases were searched for the period June 2012 to June 2023: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar for all countries. Overall prevalence estimates were calculated using a complementary log–log link model along with 95% confidence intervals. Firstly, the estimated prevalence of FASD among infants and children in foster care was 18.8%. Secondly, among children diagnosed with FASD 30.5% are placed into foster care, reflecting greatly increased risk of placement of infants and children with FASD in foster care. We conclude that routine screening for FASD is needed to improve the identification of infants and children with FASD. Increased attention is also needed on developing strategies for FASD prevention. Recognition that nearly one of every three children with FASD will enter foster care demonstrates the need for increased funding, enhanced training and greater availability of services for families and children impacted by FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data from birth registries can be studied to assess the prevalence of prenatal alcohol use and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: Linked maternal and neonatal data (2015–2018) for alcohol-exposed pregnancies were obtained from the Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario. Descriptive statistics were generated for maternal demographics, prenatal substance use, mental health/substance use history, and neonatal outcomes. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the odds of prenatal heavy (binge or weekly) alcohol and other substance use based on mental health/substance use history and other maternal demographics, and the impacts of heavy alcohol use and other prenatal substance exposures on neonatal outcomes. Results: A total of 10,172 (2.4%) women reported alcohol use during pregnancy. One-third had pre-existing or current mental health and/or substance use problems, which was associated with significantly higher odds of heavy alcohol use during pregnancy. Prenatal exposure to heavy alcohol use was associated with increased odds of neonatal abstinence syndrome (2.5 times); respiratory distress syndrome (2.3 times); neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (58%); and hyperbilirubinemia (57%). Prenatal exposure to one or more substances in addition to alcohol was associated with significantly higher odds of fetal/maternal/placental pregnancy complications; preterm birth; NICU admission; low APGAR scores; one or more confirmed congenital anomalies at birth; respiratory distress syndrome; and intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusions: It is crucial to routinely screen childbearing-age and pregnant women for alcohol and other substance use as well as mental health problems in order to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]