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Effects of increased concentration of calcium chloride on growth and production of flavonoids in newly established shoot and callus Gypsophila glomerata cultures were studied. The highest impact of CaCl2 on the growth index was determined in callus cultures (GI = 0.92), while in shoot cultures calcium treatment reduced the amount of biomass (GI = 0.38). Total flavonoids in shoot cultures grown on MS medium and MS medium supplemented with double amount of CaCl2 were 0.36 mg/g d. w. In both callus cultures, 2 mg/g d. w. total flavonoids were quantified. Shoots and callus grown on non-modified media accumulated 0.02 mg/g d. w. quercetin derivatives. Unlike these, both shoots and callus grown on calcium-enriched media accumulated 0.03 and 0.05 mg/g d. w. of isorhamnetin derivatives. In vitro shoot cultures grown on MS medium enriched in twice the amount of CaCl2 accumulated the highest amount of saponarin (0.138 mg/mg d. w.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astragalus hamosus contains valuable biologically active compounds, incl. flavonoids. The possibility for in vitro cultivation of the species as a source of important flavonoids was studied. Shoot and callus cultures were established and successfully cultivated on different nutrition media, complemented or not with growth regulators. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRESIMS) qualitative and quantitative analysis of non-purified methanol extracts of these cultures was performed. It was found that the cultures produced rutin in comparable quantity. Interestingly, both shoots and callus cultures accumulated the rare triglycosides alcesefoliside and mauritianin. The quantity of mauritianin, biosynthesized in shoots, was significantly higher to that in callus cultures. Alcesefoliside, was in lower quantity, compared to mauritianin. In addition, callus cultures produced alcesefoliside trice as the shoots, besides their lower level of differentiation. These findings could serve as initial research to establish the value of in vitro cultures from A. hamosus as an alternative mean of production of pharmaceutically important flavonol glycosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gloriosa superba L. is a promising antitumoural plant species as a source of colchicinoids. Ethnobotanical applications of G. superba are associated with different plant parts such as leaves, seeds, fruits, tuber and the whole plant. Objectives: A comparative phytochemical study of purified extracts from in vitro cultures and native tubers of G. superba was carried out by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HR‐MS) in combination with the mass defect filtering (MDF) technique. Material and methods: The individual compounds were tentatively annotated using database correlations, retention time (Rt), accurate m/z data obtained by electrospray ionisation (ESI) (+)‐HR‐MS, proposed elemental composition, ring double bond equivalent (RDBeq) values and HR‐MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Moreover, the identification was based on transforming the exact mass ratio (m/z) for the protonated molecular ions [М + Н]+ of the observed metabolites in Kendrick nominal masses (NKMs) and calculation of the Kendrick mass defect (KMD), which made it possible to graphically present the ion peaks in Kendrick plots. Results: Building Kendrick plots allows easy differentiation of small structural differences such as methylation or demethylation of compounds from the same homologous series. In this way, a wide range of tropolone alkaloids was characterised. A greater variety was observed in in vitro cultures, compared to native sources. Conclusion: This LC–MS analysis unambiguously demonstrated the presence of tropolone alkaloids in in vitro cultures of G. superba. This approach of LC–MS data interpretation can be used to understand complex mass spectra such as those of plant extracts. A comparative phytochemical study of Gloriosa superba extracts from in vitro cultures and native tubers was carried out by UHPLC‐HR‐MS in combination with the mass defect filtering technique. Transformation of the data in Kendrick nominal masses and calculation of the Kendrick mass defect, made it possible to graphically present the ion peaks in Kendrick plots. This LC‐MS data interpretation can be used to understand complex mass spectra such as those of plant extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]