573 results on '"Popillia"'
Search Results
2. Taxonomic identification of certain species of Popillia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)
- Author
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Kumar, G. Anil, Naik, D. Jemla, and Sreedevi, Kolla
- Published
- 2021
3. Monitoring Exotic Beetles with Inexpensive Attractants: A Case Study
- Author
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Enrico Ruzzier, Andrea Galli, and Luciano Bani
- Subjects
alien species ,biodiversity ,Coleoptera ,Nitidulidae ,Popillia ,vinegar ,Science - Abstract
Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to implement, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Your enemy may be my friend: invasive legume attracts exotic herbivore in a tallgrass prairie
- Author
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Jessica R. Fowler and Victoria A. Borowicz
- Subjects
Herbivore ,Lespedeza cuneata ,Ecology ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Introduced species ,Native plant ,biology.organism_classification ,Invasive species ,Agronomy ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Trophic level - Abstract
Effects of invasive exotic plants on plant communities are often profound, but interactions with higher trophic levels are less evident. Postulated effects of invasive plants on arthropods include increased abundances of herbivores through refuge and improved microclimate, facilitation of other exotic species, and altered arthropod diversity. We examined the impact on the arthropod community by Lespedeza cuneata, an exotic legume with dense, chemically defended foliage, by comparing arthropod numbers in unmanipulated 1-m2 plots with L. cuneata shoots (= control) to arthropod numbers in plots from which shoots of L. cuneata were removed. Lespedeza cuneata removal produced no overall effect on arthropod abundance, but an invasive herbivore, Popillia japonica (Japanese Beetle), was twice as abundant in plots with L. cuneata. Lespedeza cuneata removal increased arthropod evenness in May then decreased it through the summer. In a second experiment we quantified chewing herbivory by placing individual potted plants from five native prairie species and L. cuneata within these same removal/no removal plots for 4 weeks. Removal of L. cuneata shoots from plots did not significantly affect herbivory of tagged leaves from the native species. However, entire L. cuneata leaves or plants disappeared more frequently regardless of plot treatment. Invasion by this exotic legume is likely due to direct effects on native plants, but indirect effects through facilitation of an exotic herbivore could contribute to its success in some areas.
- Published
- 2021
5. Effect of adult feeding on the δ 15 N signatures of different tissues for Popillia japonica
- Author
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Christelle Guédot and Jacob Henden
- Subjects
Scarabaeidae ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Zoology ,δ15N ,Integument ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Japonica - Published
- 2021
6. Biosurveillance for invasive insect pest species using an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach and a high salt trap collection fluid
- Author
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Robert Hanner, Yoamel Milián-García, Robert G. Young, Erin Bullas-Appleton, and Jaeju Yu
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,molecular identification ,Introduced species ,Insect ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,plant pest ,Trap (computing) ,forest ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species of concern ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Popillia ,Environmental DNA ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,Japanese beetle ,environmental DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,introduced species ,Lindgren funnel traps ,salt buffer ,Taxon ,lcsh:Ecology - Abstract
With the increase in global trade and warming patterns, the movement, introduction, and establishment of non‐native insect species has increased. A rapid and effective early detection biosurveillance program to identify species of concern is needed to reduce future impacts and costs associated with introduced non‐native species. One of the challenges facing insect surveillance trapping methods is the sheer volume of individual specimens in the collections. Although molecular identification methods are improving, they currently have limitations (e.g., destructive processing of specimens) and a protocol addressing these limitations can support regulatory applications that need morphological evidence to corroborate molecular data.The novel protocol presented here uses a metabarcoding approach to amplify environmental DNA from a saturated salt solution trap fluid, which retains trap specimens for downstream morphological identifications. The use of a saturated salt solution to preserve specimens in traps addresses issues with the high evaporation rate of ethanol in traps, and public safety concerns with other fluid preservation options with unattended traps in public settings.Using a metabarcoding approach, a 407‐nucleotide segment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) animal barcode region was successfully amplified from Lindgren funnel trap collection fluids. These traps were placed in forested areas to survey for wood‐boring beetles of regulatory concern. Our results displayed successful amplification of target taxa, including the molecular identification of the Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica, a species regulated in Canada. A second species, Anisandrus maiche, recently introduced to North America, was identified in every trap. The genus Lymantria, which contains numerous species of concern to North American woodlands, was also detected. Also, there were six other species identified of interest due to their potential impacts on native and crop flora and fauna.Our results show how this protocol can be used as an efficient method for the surveillance of insects using a trap with a saturated salt solution and eDNA metabarcoding to detect species of regulatory concern., A forest survey using Lindgren funnel traps and a metabarcoding approach to amplify environmental DNA from a saturated salt solution trap fluid, which retains trap specimens for downstream morphological identifications. This method amplified DNA which matched more than 1,600 taxa using the COI animal DNA barcode. Of these taxa, there were numerous identified species of concern to Canadian forests.
- Published
- 2021
7. Seasonal Abundance, Defoliation, and Parasitism of Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Two Apple Cultivars
- Author
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Arthur V. Ribeiro, Robert L. Koch, and Hailey N. Shanovich
- Subjects
Male ,Scarabaeidae ,Ecology ,Japanese beetle ,Minnesota ,Biological pest control ,Parasitism ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica ,Coleoptera ,Honeycrisp ,Horticulture ,Malus ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Animals ,Female ,Seasons ,Cultivar - Abstract
The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, is an invasive insect to the United States that feeds on turfgrass roots as a larva and the foliage, flowers, and fruit of many major ornamental and agricultural crops, such as apple, as an adult. Despite its generalist feeding behavior, P. japonica shows preferences for certain plant species and cultivars. Classical biological control for P. japonica, including release of Istocheta aldrichi (Mensil), has been pursued in Minnesota. This study was conducted to assess the effects of apple cultivar on season-long abundance of adult P. japonica and their defoliation; and to assess effects of apple cultivar and P. japonica abundance and sex on parasitism of P. japonica by I. aldrichi. Sampling occurred during the summers of 2017 and 2018 on Zestar! and Honeycrisp cultivars in four different apple orchards. Abundance and defoliation of P. japonica was higher on Honeycrisp than Zestar!. Parasitism of P. japonica by I. aldrichi was higher for females than for males. In 2018, the relationship between parasitism of P. japonica and host density varied by cultivar. These findings may help growers determine which apple cultivars should be prioritized for scouting and management efforts and may provide an estimate of potential biological control by I. aldrichi in agricultural areas in the Midwest.
- Published
- 2021
8. Size and shape assortative mating in Japanese beetles (Popilliajaponica)
- Author
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Clint D. Kelly
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Japanese beetle ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Assortative mating ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Japonica ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speciation ,Sexual selection ,Popillia ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Mating ,Scramble competition ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common - Abstract
Assortative mating is hypothesized to be a product of sexual selection, mating constraints, or temporal autocorrelation. I test these hypotheses in the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman, 1841), a sexually size dimorphic invasive insect pest in North America, by measuring the size and shape of bodies and wings of pair members in a wild population. Because male P. japonica prefer to mate with larger females and larger males outcompete rivals for mating opportunities, sexual selection is expected to produce size-related assortative mating. The current study did not support this hypothesis. The mating constraints hypothesis was also not supported because beetle pairs did not have similar body shapes. I, however, did find support for the temporal autocorrelation hypothesis as the wing size and shape of pair members were significantly correlated. This mating pattern likely arises due to individuals with larger and more slender wings arriving earlier at aggregation sites and pairing according to their arrival sequence. Although I found less support for the sexual selection hypothesis, I argue that mate choice might play an important, but secondary, role to temporal autocorrelation in explaining assortative mating in Japanese beetles.
- Published
- 2020
9. Modelling diapause termination and phenology of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica
- Author
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Alessandro Bianchi, Michele Colturato, Beniamino Cavagna, Paola Gervasio, Andrea Battisti, Giorgio Sperandio, Nicola Mori, Anna Simonetto, Gianni Gilioli, and Mariangela Ciampitti
- Subjects
Mechanistic model ,Pest control ,Pest management ,Pest phenology ,Popillia japonica ,biology ,Phenology ,Nonparametric statistics ,Diapause ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica ,Pupa ,Resampling ,Popillia ,Statistics ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Jackknife resampling - Abstract
We deve loped a mechanistic, stage-structured model simulating the phenology of Popillia japonica. The model simulates the influence of soil temperature on the larval diapause termination and on the development rate function of post-overwintering larvae and pupae. Model parameters are estimated based on literature evidence for pupae development and on a parameterisation process that allows estimating parameters for larval diapause termination and for the development rate function (and the related uncertainty) of post-overwintering larvae. Data used for model parameterisation and validation refer to time-series adult trap catches collected during the P. japonica monitoring programme performed by the Phytosanitary Service of Lombardy Region within the infested area in Lombardy (Italy) from 2015 to 2019. A total of 12 randomly selected locations are used to estimate biologically realistic model parameters (parameterisation dataset). We applied a Jackknife nonparametric resampling procedure on the parameterisation dataset to quantify uncertainty associated with parameters’ estimates. Parameterised model is then validated on time-series adult trap catches data referring to a different set of 12 randomly selected locations (validation dataset) surveyed in Lombardy. The model successfully predicted the beginning of adult emergence and the overall curve of adult emergence in the validation dataset. The model presented can support the definition of the best timing for the implementation of monitoring and control activities for the local and the area-wide management of P. japonica.
- Published
- 2022
10. Differential susceptibility of Popillia japonica 3rd instars to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Italian strain) at three different seasons.
- Author
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Paoli, Francesco, Marianelli, Leonardo, Torrini, Giulia, Mazza, Giuseppe, Benvenuti, Claudia, Bosio, Giovanni, Venanzio, Davide, Tarasco, Eustachio, Klein, Michael, and Roversi, Pio Federico
- Subjects
- *
POPILLIA , *HETERORHABDITIS , *INSECT nematodes , *BIOLOGICAL control of insects - Abstract
The scarab beetlePopillia japonica, a pest native to northern Japan, has been recently found in Italy. Entomopathogenic nematodes are useful for biological control of this invasive insect. Previous work showed that 1st and 2nd larval stages are more susceptible to nematodes than 3rd instars. We tested the effectiveness ofHeterorhabditis bacteriophorain the laboratory againstP. japonica3rd instars. Experiments were conducted in Italy with larvae field collected in the fall, winter and spring, showing a significant decrease in effectiveness from the fall to spring. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Sexual selection on size and shape in Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica)
- Author
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Clint D. Kelly
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010602 entomology ,Sexual selection ,Popillia ,Zoology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Japonica - Abstract
The mobility hypothesis argues that species in which males compete for mates in scrambles often exhibit female-biased size dimorphism because smaller male body size should increase male mobility and success in searching for mates. Sexual dimorphism can be further exaggerated if fecundity or sexual selection concurrently selects for larger female size. Scramble competition can select for trait characteristics that optimize locomotion; for example, long and slender wings should be favored if aerial speed is important to mating success. I tested these predictions in the scrambling Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), a female-biased size dimorphic insect pest that is invasive to North America. Multivariate selection analyses support the prediction that smaller body size and larger wings in males benefit their mating success. My analyses also revealed significant selection for larger wings in females but, contrary to prediction, direct sexual selection favors smaller body size in females. These results support the mobility hypothesis and partially explain the evolution of female-biased size dimorphism in this species. Sexual selection favored rounder bodies in females and more tapered bodies in males, whereas, in both sexes, the effect of wing shape appears less important to fitness than wing size.
- Published
- 2020
12. Soil Application of Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-314 Granules to Control, Flower Chafer Beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis
- Author
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Mi Rong Lee, So Eun Park, Sihyeon Kim, Sehyeon Baek, Dongwei Li, Se Jin Lee, Jae Su Kim, Laila Gasmi, Tae Young Shin, and Jong Cheol Kim
- Subjects
Scarabaeidae ,Larva ,biology ,protaetia brevitarsis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,fungi ,Flower chafer ,Metarhizium anisopliae ,entomopathogenic fungi ,Insect ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,soil application ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Horticulture ,Infectious Diseases ,metarhizium anisopliae ,lcsh:Botany ,Popillia ,scarabaeidae ,Instar ,PEST analysis ,media_common - Abstract
Root-feeding Scarabaeidae, particularly white grubs are considered among the most harmful coleopteran insect pests in turfgrass. In this work, sixteen entomopathogenic fungal species were assayed against flower chafer beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-314 showed high virulence. The control ability of the isolate JEF-314 has been in detail tested for a model insect flower chafer beetle. Further analyses showed insect stage-dependent virulence where the fungal virulence was the highest against smaller instar larvae. Additionally, we confirmed that millet-based solid cultured granule was effective against the soil-dwelling larval stage. The isolate also showed a similar ability for a representative pest (Popillia spp.) in laboratory conditions. Our results clearly suggest a high potential of M. anisopliae JEF-314 to control the flower chafer beetle, possibly resulting in controlling of root-feeding white grubs in turfgrass. Based on the insect life cycle and susceptibility to the fungus, late spring and summer time would be the optimum time to apply JEF-314 granules for an effective control. Further characterization of the efficacy of the fungus under field conditions against the Scarabaeidae beetles might provide an efficient tool to control this beetle in an environment-friendly way.
- Published
- 2020
13. 'What’s This Bug?' Questions from the Public Provide Relevant Information on Species Distribution and Human–Insect Interactions
- Author
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Maxim Larrivée, André-Philippe Drapeau Picard, Michel Saint-Germain, and Marjolaine Giroux
- Subjects
Entomophagy ,business.industry ,Science ,Internet privacy ,Leptoglossus ,citizen science ,human–insect interactions ,insect conservation ,public awareness ,perception ,Biology ,Reduvius personatus ,biology.organism_classification ,Article ,Invasive species ,Lethocerus americanus ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Citizen science ,Identification (biology) ,business - Abstract
Simple Summary Since its opening in 1990, the Montreal Insectarium has offered an entomological information service, allowing the public to send questions, photographs, and specimens for identification. All requests are answered by entomologists. Over the years, almost 14,000 requests have been received. We wanted to know which species have been seen over the years, which subjects were frequently asked about, and where requests came from. We analyzed the 4163 requests received in 2010–2011 and 2017–2018. Requests received during those four years came from 35 countries, and most of those requests came from Canada. Butterflies and moths were the most popular group. The five most frequent species were the eastern dobsonfly, the masked hunter, the giant water bug, the western conifer-seed bug, and the Japanese beetle. A comparison with the data from the citizen science platform iNaturalist shows that the EIS is a valuable tool to detect invasive species. Frequent subjects included school projects, entomophagy (eating insects), and wasp and bee nests. Abstract In general, insects and arthropods polarizing: they either fascinate people, disgust people, or both, and they generate lots of questions. Museums are perceived as reliable sources of information and, as such, a go-to destination for the public to receive answers. Since its opening in 1990, the Montreal Insectarium has offered an entomological information service, allowing the public to send questions, photographs, and specimens for identification. All requests are answered by entomologists. Spatiotemporal variations in taxonomic, geographic, and thematic profiles of the 4163 requests received in 2010–2011 and 2017–2018 were analyzed. Requests came from 35 countries, and most of those requests came from Canada. The majority of requests were identification requests. Representing 25% of identification requests, the five most frequent species were the eastern dobsonfly Corydalus cornutus, the masked hunter Reduvius personatus, the giant water bug Lethocerus americanus, the western conifer-seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis, and the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica. A comparison with the data from the citizen science platform iNaturalist shows that the EIS can be a valuable tool for invasive species detection. Frequent subjects included school projects, entomophagy (eating insects), and wasp and bee nests. Finally, we discuss the role of entomologists in providing scientific information but also in addressing common concerns regarding cohabitation with arthropods.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Mulches Used in Highbush Blueberry and Entomopathogenic Nematodes Affect Mortality Rates of Third-Instar Popillia japonica
- Author
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Justin M. Renkema and Jean-Philippe Parent
- Subjects
compost ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Science ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica ,woodchips ,Horticulture ,sawdust ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,Instar ,PEST analysis ,Mulch ,Steinernema scarabaei - Abstract
Popillia japonica Newman (Japanese beetle) is an invasive, polyphagous pest in North America, as adults feed on plant foliage and larvae on roots. Management in crops relies on foliar and soil applications of insecticides, but entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are effective biocontrol agents. In highbush blueberry, mulches (composts, woodshavings, sawdust, bark) are used for weed control and fertility. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effects of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema scarabaei on third-instar P. japonica in substrates commonly used as mulches in blueberry. In containers in the laboratory, larval mortality was 90–100% with H. bacteriophora for all substrates, but rates with S. scarabaei were lower and variable among substrates. A mixture of municipal compost + woodchips/sawdust resulted in 60% larval mortality without adding EPN, but few nematodes were recovered, indicating other causes of death. In a field microplot experiment in October, larval mortality rates were 50% at most for all EPN and substrate type combinations, likely due to lower than optimal soil and substrate temperatures for EPN survival and infectivity. Overall, a compost and woodchip/sawdust mulch should help suppress P. japonica populations in blueberry, and applying H. bacteriophora when temperatures are optimal to mulches can provide excellent larval control.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Monitoring Exotic Beetles with Inexpensive Attractants: A Case Study
- Abstract
Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to implement, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.
- Published
- 2021
16. Monitoring Exotic Beetles with Inexpensive Attractants: A Case Study
- Abstract
Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to implement, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.
- Published
- 2021
17. Biodiversity in a Cool-Climate Vineyard: A Case Study from Quebec
- Author
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Jacques Lasnier, Charles Vincent, Alain Baril, and Charles-Henri de Coussergues
- Subjects
Scarabaeidae ,biology ,Agroforestry ,Science ,cool-climate viticulture ,nectariferous plants ,Biodiversity ,Growing season ,Climate change ,Case Report ,agro-ecology ,biology.organism_classification ,sustainability ,Vineyard ,grapevine ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,arthropod ,invasive insect species ,Viticulture ,Istocheta - Abstract
Simple Summary This paper documents research activities related to the biodiversity of the l’Orpailleur vineyard located in Dunham (Quebec, Canada) from 1997 to 2021. In a first phase starting in 1997, the biodiversity of insecticide-free and insecticide-treated parts of the vineyard was determined for several taxa. In a second phase starting 2004, entomological problems were addressed on an ad hoc basis as they unfolded. For example, at the request of viticulturists, research was conducted on the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris-Miridae) and on the system phytoplasmas/cicadellids/grapevines. In a third phase starting in 2014, management of plants between grapevine rows and areas adjacent to the vineyard was carried out to increase biodiversity with the aim to achieve arthropod control with minimal insecticide and acaricide use. To address the advent of a new pest, such as the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica-Scarabaeidae), a biocontrol program based on the parasite Istocheta aldrichi (Tachinidae) was initiated. Abstract In Quebec (Canada), viticulture has experienced steady growth in the last 35 years in terms of surfaces cultivated and value, although it is practiced in climatic conditions at the edge of what is considered a cool-climate area. This case study documents biodiversity studies conducted at the l’Orpailleur vineyard (Dunham, QC, Canada) from 1997 to 2021. In a first phase starting in 1997, the biodiversity of insecticide-free and insecticide-treated plots was determined for the taxa Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae, Cicadellidae, Acari and Aranae. This step provided a baseline allowing to identify key arthropods. In a second phase starting in 2004, entomological issues were addressed on an ad hoc basis. In 2014, a third phase began with a perspective of sustainability and management of plant diversity in the vineyard to conserve natural enemies. Because of increased Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica-Scarabaeidae) populations and threats to vineyards, a biocontrol program based on the parasitoid Istocheta aldrichi (Tachinidae) was initiated. The unusually fast development of grapevines during the growing season, selection of flowering species, as well as selected arthropods associated with these flowering species, will be illustrated. Periodic update of protection programs will be required to address future challenges associated with climate change scenarios and world trade.
- Published
- 2021
18. New Insect Host Defense Peptides (HDP) From Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Transcriptomes
- Author
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Diana Carolina Henao Arias, Juan Felipe Osorio-Méndez, Germán Alberto Téllez Ramirez, Maribel Rojas-Montoya, Lily Johanna Toro S, Juliana Franco Castrillón, and Jhon Carlos Castaño Osorio
- Subjects
AcademicSubjects/SCI01382 ,Protein Conformation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Antimicrobial peptides ,Zoology ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Insect ,Biology ,computational biology ,insect protein ,Popillia ,Animals ,Defensin ,Research Articles ,media_common ,Dung beetle ,Scarabaeidae ,Host (biology) ,cecropin ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Coleoptera ,Cecropin ,Insect Science ,Insect Proteins ,antimicrobial cationic peptide ,Transcriptome ,defensin ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - Abstract
The Coleoptera Scarabaeidae family is one of the most diverse groups of insects on the planet, which live in complex microbiological environments. Their immune systems have evolved diverse families of Host Defense Peptides (HDP) with strong antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. However, there are several peptide sequences that await discovery in this group of organisms. This would pave the way to identify molecules with promising therapeutic potential. This work retrieved two sources of information: 1) De-novo transcriptomic data from two species of neotropical Scarabaeidae (Dichotomius satanas and Ontophagus curvicornis); 2) Sequence data deposited in available databases. A Blast-based search was conducted against the transcriptomes with a subset of sequences representative of the HDP. This work reports 155 novel HDP sequences identified in nine transcriptomes from seven species of Coleoptera: D. satanas (n = 76; 49.03%), O. curvicornis (n = 23; 14.83%), (Trypoxylus dichotomus) (n = 18; 11.61%), (Onthophagus nigriventris) (n = 10; 6.45%), (Heterochelus sp) (n = 6; 3.87%), (Oxysternon conspicillatum) (n = 18; 11.61%), and (Popillia japonica) (n = 4; 2.58%). These sequences were identified based on similarity to known HDP insect families. New members of defensins (n = 58; 37.42%), cecropins (n = 18; 11.61%), attancins (n = 41; 26.45%), and coleoptericins (n = 38; 24.52%) were described based on their physicochemical and structural characteristics, as well as their sequence relationship to other insect HDPs. Therefore, the Scarabaeidae family is a complex and rich group of insects with a great diversity of antimicrobial peptides with potential antimicrobial activity.
- Published
- 2021
19. Monitoring Exotic Beetles with Inexpensive Attractants: A Case Study
- Author
-
Andrea Galli, Luciano Bani, Enrico Ruzzier, Ruzzier, E, Galli, A, and Bani, L
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Popillia ,Science ,Fauna ,Wildlife ,Biodiversity ,Introduced species ,alien species ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Nitidulidae ,Alien species ,Alien specie ,vinegar ,biodiversity ,Scarabaeidae ,biology ,Communication ,biology.organism_classification ,Apple cider vinegar ,Fishery ,Coleoptera ,010602 entomology ,Insect Science - Abstract
Simple Summary Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive beetles is a complex activity, and multiple species still manage to evade controls. Citizen science can be an important adjunct in alien species monitoring programs, but to have a greater chance of success, it must employ traps and attractants that are easy to gather and use. Bottle traps baited with food products are successfully used during long term faunistic surveys, and the same methodology can be adapted to alien species detection and monitoring. In this article, we tested the use of bottles baited with apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the surroundings of Malpensa Airport (Italy). The traps proved effective, and in the traps with vinegar as an attractant, they captured four out of five invasive Nitidulidae, as well as the only invasive Scarabaeidae present in the area. Popillia japonica’s response to apple cider vinegar is documented for the first time and suggests the use of this attractant in monitoring surveys for this species, especially if supported by citizen science programs. The substantial reduction in the activity time of the traps seems to have considerably reduced collateral catches of native fauna. Abstract Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to implement, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.
- Published
- 2021
20. Killing Bacteria as Agents of Insect Pest Control
- Author
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Muhammad Sarwar
- Subjects
Biopesticide ,Paenibacillus ,biology ,Chromobacterium ,Bacillus thuringiensis ,fungi ,Popillia ,bacteria ,Bacillus ,Xenorhabdus ,biology.organism_classification ,Photorhabdus ,Microbiology - Abstract
Many bacterial species inhabit bodies of insects to behave as insect pathogens by evolving a multiplicity of strategies to invade the hosts, overcome its immune responses, infect and kill them. As an insecticide, they are generally specific to individual species of moths and butterflies, as well as species of beetles, flies and mosquitoes. To be effective they must come into contact with the target pest and may require ingestion to be effective. After a few decades of research on microbial pest management dominated by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), novel bacterial species with innovative modes of action are being discovered and developed into new products. The mass of entomopathogenic bacteria is in genera Coccobacillus, Xenorhabdus, Serratia, Photorhabdus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Clostridium, Photorhabdus, Serratia, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Chromobacterium, Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora and Bacillus, having multiple modes of action and target to mite and insect pests of different orders. Bacteria Coccobacillusacridiorum produces disease in grasshoppers, while Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus popillia are important disease-causing agents against lepidopteran pests. These bacteria could be one of the major sources of potential microbial biopesticides because they retain several valuable traits.
- Published
- 2021
21. Integrated control on vine at Bombarral (Lisbon) and Terceira (Azores)
- Author
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V. Garcia and N. Simões
- Subjects
Vine ,Eupoecilia ambiguella ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Forestry ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Lobesia botrana ,Geography ,Popillia ,Infestation ,medicine ,PEST analysis ,Trichogramma - Abstract
The Applied Ecology Laboratory of the University of the Azores has started two integrated control programs on vines, one in Continental Portugal (Bom barral, 50 Kms NE of Lisbon) and another in the island of Terceira (Azores). The first operation began on 1984, with releases of Trichogramma mass reared in the Azores, and then air mailed to Lisbon. The species used was Trichogramma embryophagum, against Lobesia botrana and secondarily, against Eupoecilia ambiguella. In this operation no pesticides were employed. At Terceira Island, the threat of the japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, a species introduced in the U.S. Air Force facilities and quite probably with its origin in the United States is the target of an intensive integrated control program, to avoid the infestation of neighbouring vineyards. Bacillus popilliae, Nematodes and entomopathogenic Fungi as well as chemicals, like Carbaryl, are being used to contain the pest’s dispersion.
- Published
- 2021
22. Minimizing Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Bycatch in Japanese Beetle Traps
- Author
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Sara W Datson, Steven R. Alm, Jason B. Oliver, Steven J Sipolski, and Michael E. Reding
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Hymenoptera ,Insect Control ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Bombus impatiens ,Japan ,Popillia ,Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ohio ,Scarabaeidae ,Ecology ,biology ,Apidae ,Japanese beetle ,Rhode Island ,Bees ,biology.organism_classification ,Tennessee ,Apoidea ,Coleoptera ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Insect Science ,Sex pheromone ,Female - Abstract
Native and introduced bees were attracted to and captured in commercially available Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), traps baited with floral lure components: geraniol, eugenol, and phenethyl propionate [PEP] in Rhode Island, Ohio, and Tennessee. Studies in Rhode Island showed that Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was significantly more attracted to geraniol alone and as a component in floral lure blends than to either eugenol or PEP alone. Xylocopa virginica (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was more selective in being primarily attracted to traps baited with higher amounts of geraniol in 2016. Removing geraniol from the floral lure blend did not significantly reduce Japanese beetle captures in 2017 and 2018 in Rhode Island and Ohio but did significantly reduce bee captures in Rhode Island in 2017 and 2018. Green, black, brown, and red traps captured significantly fewer bees than clear or standard yellow vane and green cage traps in 2018 in Rhode Island and Tennessee; however, there were no significant differences between Japanese beetle captures in any of the colored or clear traps. Our results show that using all green traps with a lure composed of eugenol and PEP and the Japanese beetle female produced sex pheromone can effectively capture Japanese beetles while minimizing bycatch of bees.
- Published
- 2019
23. Strengths and limitations of Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae for managing Japanese beetle ( Popillia japonica ) adults and grubs with caveats for cross‐order activity to monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) larvae
- Author
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Daniel A. Potter, R. Chris Williamson, Lindsey Wallis, Carl T. Redmond, and Matthew Geis
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,animal structures ,biology ,business.industry ,Japanese beetle ,fungi ,Pest control ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Biopesticide ,Monarch butterfly ,Insect Science ,Bacillus thuringiensis ,Popillia ,PEST analysis ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Target‐selective biopesticides are needed to facilitate integrated pest and pollinator management in urban landscapes and gardens. Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae, strain SDS‐502 (Btg), recently registered in the USA and Canada, produces Cry8Da protein active against scarab beetles. We evaluated Btg formulations for managing the Japanese beetle [Popillia japonica Newman (JB)], a polyphagous invasive pest, including residual spray effectiveness for reducing adult feeding on Rosa and Tilia spp., and granular formulations for early‐ or late‐curative control of root‐feeding grubs in turfgrass. We also tested for cross‐order activity to monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) larvae and other non‐target insects. RESULTS: Field‐weathered Btg residues reduced JB feeding on foliage for 3–14 days. Most beetles were still flight‐capable after 24 h confinement with Btg‐treated leaves. Granular Btg failed to control early‐ or late‐instar JB grubs in soils under several turfgrass species at multiple field sites. In three trials, feeding on Btg‐sprayed milkweed resulted in 97–100% mortality of early instar monarchs, with symptoms of B. thuringiensis pathogenesis. Fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) fed Btg‐treated grass had reduced body mass, but there were no adverse effects on lady beetle larvae preying on Btg‐sprayed aphids or on the aphids themselves. CONCLUSION: This study supports efficacy of Btg strain SDS‐502 for reducing defoliation by adult JB in urban landscape settings. Granular formulations, however, failed to control JB grubs in turfgrass soils. Btg should not be used in gardens with larval host plants of the monarch butterfly or other non‐pest Lepidoptera, especially species of conservation concern. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2019
24. UV-blocking High-tunnel Plastics Reduce Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica) in Red Raspberry
- Author
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Tracy C. Leskey, Richard P. Marini, Maria E. Cramer, and Kathleen Demchak
- Subjects
Blowing a raspberry ,Horticulture ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Popillia ,Uv blocking ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica - Abstract
Insecticides are the primary tool raspberry growers use to control Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica), but reliance on pesticides is costly and there are risks to nontarget species. Based on observations that Japanese beetles were less abundant on raspberries in high tunnels than in fields, we investigated the effects of plastic films that transmit different amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light to Japanese beetles. Many insects are sensitive to light in the UV-A range and use it for navigation. High-tunnel plastics that block varying percentages of UV radiation are increasingly available. We grew two primocane-fruiting red raspberry cultivars, Polka and Josephine, in tunnels with six different covering treatments. Five were plastics that blocked the UV range to varying degrees, and one was a no-plastic treatment. In 2016, beetles were counted and removed from the plants by hand daily. In 2017, beetles were removed by hand every 4 to 5 days. Foliage temperature was measured in each tunnel twice in 2017 with an infrared (IR) thermometer. Spectral transmittance characteristics of the plastics were measured with a spectroradiometer in 2015 and 2018. Mean beetle counts by date and for the whole season were compared for the plastics and cultivars. Japanese beetle numbers were significantly greater in the no-cover treatment than in all plastic treatments. The plastic that blocked more than 90% of the UV-A range usually had significantly lower beetle populations than the plastics that blocked the least UV-A. Overall, it appears that using a UV-blocking plastic can reduce Japanese beetle aggregation and feeding damage on raspberries, decreasing the need for other control. This could benefit growers by reducing the cost of insecticides and decreasing exposure risk for nontarget organisms.
- Published
- 2019
25. Entomopathogenic nematode performance against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in school athletic turf: Effects of traffic and soil properties
- Author
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Kyle Wickings, Maxwell S. Helmberger, Elson J. Shields, and Jennifer S. Thaler
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Scarabaeidae ,Biotic component ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Entomopathogenic nematode ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,010602 entomology ,Agronomy ,Insect Science ,Loam ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,Soil water ,Popillia ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have potential as an alternate means of controlling soil-dwelling pests in settings such as school athletic fields, where use of chemical pesticides is often restricted or prohibited. Athletic fields are also unique among turfgrass systems, as their distinct pattern of foot traffic can result in compaction and other soil properties varying across different areas of the field, potentially causing variability in EPN performance even within a single field, as many abiotic and biotic soil properties are known to influence EPN efficacy. We tested the efficacy of the EPNs Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against third-instar grubs of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica in high-traffic and low-traffic areas of two soccer fields in New York State, one grown atop loam soil and the other atop loamy sand. Efficacy was low in the loam soil but modest for both species in the loamy sand, though the only significant increase over controls occurred in S. feltiae-inoculated plots within low traffic areas in 2016. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed positive associations between efficacy of both EPN species and soil sand content, suggesting that sandy soils are most optimal for curative applications against turfgrass pests. Soil biotic factors, such as microarthropod abundance, were not found to have an effect on EPNs. These results will aid turfgrass managers by improving knowledge of the conditions required for effective use of EPNs.
- Published
- 2018
26. Management of Popillia japonica in container-grown nursery stock in Italy
- Author
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Beniamino Cavagna, Itamar Glazer, Giacomo Santoiemma, Andrea Battisti, Gianni Gilioli, Mariangela Ciampitti, and Nicola Mori
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Plant Science ,Scarabaeidae ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Japonica ,Systems approach ,010602 entomology ,Agronomy ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Ornamental plant ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,Mulching ,Quarantine ,PEST analysis ,Weed ,Phytosanitary certification - Abstract
The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is an invasive alien species recently introduced and established in Northern Italy. Adult beetles are very polyphagous and feed on vines, fruit trees, forest trees, crops, vegetables, ornamental and wild plant species. Eggs are usually laid by females in moist grassland in the summer, singly or in small clusters. Larvae feed on roots and may be transported in soil of plants for planting grown in containers. Restrictions on movement of plants grown in containers from infested to non-infested areas imposed by phytosanitary regulations have a significant economic impact on the nursery industry. An innovative approach was used to exclude beetle oviposition by weed mulching available for container-grown nursery stocks, and by testing larval survival to the application of chemical (cypermethrin) and organic (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Metarhizium brunneum) commercial pesticides registered for European nurseries. The high effectiveness of the method makes it a suitable component of a systems approach strategy for pest risk management, in order to achieve a safe production and trade of nursery plant material in areas infested by the Japanese beetle.
- Published
- 2021
27. Chemical control of Popillia japonica adults on high-value crops and landscape plants of northern Italy
- Author
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Beniamino Cavagna, Lorenzo Tosi, Giacomo Santoiemma, Giuliana Cortese, Andrea Battisti, Giorgio Sperandio, Mariangela Ciampitti, Nicola Mori, Gabriele Gusella, and Gianni Gilioli
- Subjects
Integrated pest management ,Agricultural crops ,Invasive species ,Japanese beetle ,agricultural crops, invasive species, ornamental plants, pest management, pesticides, survival analysis ,Phosmet ,Ornamental plants ,Pest management ,Pesticides ,Survival analysis ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica ,Acetamiprid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Ornamental plant ,Popillia ,PEST analysis ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The introduction of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) in Italy raised concerns for its control in herbaceous and perennial crops, nurseries and landscape plants. During the early stages of spread of an invasive pest, the availability of effective insecticides is essential to sustain the immediate needs of plant protection. Here, we screened the effects of 20 active ingredients representative of chemical and organic insecticides registered in Europe for adult beetle management on high-value crops (grapevine, peach and corn) and landscape plants (willow and Virginia creeper) by field trials carried out in 2019 and 2020. Plant parts suitable for spraying were sleeved and beetles were caged before the application (contact effect), after the application but on the same day (residual, short-term effect), and 7–8 days after the application (residual, long-term effect). Among the 20 active ingredients tested, only four broad-spectrum (acetamiprid, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and phosmet) were effective in killing beetles under all the experimental conditions, while other broad-spectrum and selective ingredients were mainly effective only on contact and as short-term residual. The organic active ingredients were much less effective under any condition. The data provide a valid support to update the European guidelines aimed at controlling P. japonica for growers, landscape managers and homeowners. The low selectivity of the most effective insecticides requires the integration into management strategies that envisage their use only whether strictly necessary, and in combination with other containment measures.
- Published
- 2021
28. Adult Popillia japonica as an Otorhinolaryngologic Invasive Foreign Body in a Rural Area
- Author
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Justin Chin, Lindsey Schwanke, Derek Chen, and Christine M Lomiguen
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,foreign body retrieval ,Hearing loss ,irrigation ,Otolaryngology ,external ear ,Popillia ,medicine ,Ear canal ,japanese beetle ,hearing loss ,biology ,business.industry ,General surgery ,beetle ,General Engineering ,Rural location ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,bug ,Distress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,popillia japonica ,external auditory canal ,Emergency Medicine ,insect ,Foreign body ,Rural area ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Family/General Practice - Abstract
Otorhinolaryngologic foreign bodies may be encountered in-office visits, the emergency department, and speciality consultations. These include food, toys, and other small items, are present in pediatric patients. Because patients may be asymptomatic and the insertion of the foreign body not observed, obtaining medical care may be delayed. Conversely, insects as foreign bodies, especially in the external ear canal, can cause a patient significant pain and distress, directing the patient to seek immediate care. Here, we present a case of an adult Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) as a foreign body in the ear of a 14-year-old female. A review of otorhinolaryngologic foreign bodies is also discussed, with particular attention to the ear and rural location. This case highlights the potential for agricultural insects to act as invasive foreign bodies, especially in areas where they are known to be endemic pests and the consequences of delayed treatment.
- Published
- 2020
29. Evaluation of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Northern Italy
- Author
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Agostino Strangi, Giovanni Bosio, Eustachio Tarasco, Leonardo Marianelli, Giulia Torrini, Gian Paolo Barzanti, Francesco Paoli, Claudia Benvenuti, Giuseppe Mazza, Stefania Simoncini, Ilaria Cutino, and Pio Federico Roversi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Soil texture ,Biological pest control ,biological control ,natural enemies ,01 natural sciences ,Japonica ,Article ,Heterorhabditidae ,Steinernematidae ,Popillia ,lcsh:Science ,alien invasive species ,Scarabaeidae ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Insect Science ,Loam ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Simple Summary The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica is considered one of the most harmful organisms in the world for crops and the urban landscape. Popillia japonica spends most of its life cycle in the soil as a larva. At this stage, this beetle is more susceptible to biological control agents like entomopathogenic nematodes, which are obligate parasites of main soil-inhabiting insects, killing their host in just a few days. In 2014, P. japonica was detected in Northern Italy between the Piedmont and Lombardy regions. This research aims to investigate the natural occurrence of indigenous and locally adapted entomopathogenic nematodes along the Piedmont part of the Ticino river and test the most performing of them via bioassays. Natural isolates were recovered from 39 out of the 155 soil samples collected. The virulence of all entomopathogenic nematodes assessed by laboratory and semi-field assays highlighted that two isolates resulted in more efficiency in controlling P. japonica grubs. This result is very encouraging, and the use of these natural biocontrol agents against this pest is a fundamental component of eco-friendly management. Abstract The natural presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) has been investigated in the Piedmont region (Northern Italy) in areas infested by the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica. Thirty-nine out of 155 soil samples (25.2%) were positive for EPNs. Most of the samples contained only steinermatids (92.3%), 5.1% contained heterorhabditids, and one sample (2.6%) contained both genera. All the recovered isolates were identified at species level both morphologically and molecularly. Steinernema carpocapsae was the most abundant and it was mainly distributed in open habitats, such as perennial meadows, uncultivated soils, and cropland, characterized by sandy loam soil texture and acidic pH. Steinernema feltiae has been found associated mainly with closed habitats such as coniferous and deciduous woodland, characterized by sandy loam-texture and extremely acidic soil. The three isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were collected only in open habitats (perennial meadows and uncultivated fields) characterized by strongly acidic soils with sandy loam texture. The virulence of all EPN natural strains was evaluated by laboratory assays against P. japonica third-instar larvae collected during two different periods of the year (spring, autumn). The results showed that larval mortality was higher for pre-wintering larvae than post-wintering ones. The five more promising EPN isolates were tested in the semi-field assay in which H. bacteriophora natural strains have been shown to be more efficient in controlling P. japonica grubs. All of these results are finally discussed considering the use of these natural EPNs as biological control agents against P. japonica, within an eco-friendly perspective of management.
- Published
- 2020
30. Addendum to Zootaxa 4683 (4): Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) established on New Guinea? With an illustrated key to Sundaland Popillia Dejean species
- Author
-
Dmitry Telnov and Carsten Zorn
- Subjects
Scarabaeidae ,New Guinea ,Holotype ,Zoology ,New guinea ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Rutelinae ,Coleoptera ,Aedeagus ,Type (biology) ,Popillia ,Animals ,Key (lock) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In our recent publication (Telnov & Zorn 2019) we overlooked and did not include Popillia migliaccioi Sabatinelli, 1996, described from “Java”, in our checklist and key of Sundaland Popillia species. However, the examination of the holotype of this species deposited in the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (Figs. 1–8) revealed that Popillia migliaccioi is in fact an Afrotropical species, which was already described under the name Popillia maynei Ohaus, 1914. It is obvious that the specimen studied and described by Sabatinelli (1996) is mislabelled and is not from Java (Fig. 8). Unfortunately, the type material of P. maynei, which is housed in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, is on loan indefinitely and was not available for our study (Bernd Jäger, personal communication). However, the original description of P. maynei and the aedeagus as originally figured by Ohaus (1914) (Fig. 9) match habitus and aedeagus of the P. migliaccioi holotype perfectly (Figs. 4–6). Habitus photographs of an additional comparative specimen from Togo (Kloto, III.2015, Don P. Léonard, deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium) are provided for comparison in figs. 10 and 11.
- Published
- 2020
31. Geographic distribution of Ovavesicula popilliae in the United States and sensitivity of visual diagnosis compared with qPCR detection
- Author
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P. Lewis, Y. Wu, James J. Smith, D. Hulbert, D. Smitley, and E. Hotchkiss
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Larva ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Frass ,Biological pest control ,Zoology ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Insect Control ,Coleoptera ,010602 entomology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Microsporidia ,Popillia ,Animals ,Pest Control, Biological ,Pathogen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is one of the most destructive invasive pests in North America, causing significant economic impact to many fruit crops, turfgrass and the nursery industry. A microsporidian pathogen of Japanese beetle, Ovavesicula popilliae, discovered in 1985, proliferates in the Malpighian tubules of larvae and adults, disrupting waste-removal, mineral filtering, and fluid balance in heavily infected individuals. Most infected larvae do not survive from fall to spring, and egg production by infected females is reduced by 50%. Ovavesicula popilliae is promising as a classical biological control agent for Japanese beetle, but outside of surveys completed in Connecticut and Michigan little is known about its geographic distribution in North America. The objective of this research is to obtain a better understanding of the distribution of O. popilliae in North America. Japanese beetles were collected at 59 locations in a total of 19 different states in the USA for pathogen analysis. Overall, the proportion of Japanese beetle adults infected by O. popilliae was much greater in Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee and four states in the northeastern USA compared with sites located west of the Mississippi River (18.6 ± 13.3% and 0.6 ± 1.2%, respectively). Nucleotide sequences of the gene encoding a small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (ssrDNA), obtained from GenBank for O. popilliae was used to develop a highly specific qPCR test for O. popilliae DNA. A subsample of 110 individual Japanese beetles were visually diagnosed first, then analyzed via qPCR. Visual diagnosis and qPCR detection agreed for 80.9% of the beetles tested. The qPCR assay is more sensitive than visual diagnosis (56 visually positive, 73 qPCR positive), is highly specific for O. popilliae, and will be useful for detecting the pathogen in large batches of beetles, or in beetle frass.
- Published
- 2020
32. Ontogeny, sex and adult tissues influence activities of detoxification enzymes in the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonicaNewman)
- Author
-
Nannan Liu, David Held, and Adekunle W. Adesanya
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ecophysiology ,biology ,Physiology ,Japanese beetle ,Ontogeny ,Cytochrome P450 activity ,Detoxification enzymes ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Japonica ,010602 entomology ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,Insect Science ,Popillia ,Enzyme kinetics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2018
33. Insect-based compost and vermicompost production, quality and performance
- Author
-
Patrick L. Byers, Jaime C. Piñero, Hwei-Yiing Johnson, and Traron Shivers
- Subjects
Scarabaeidae ,Eisenia fetida ,Japanese beetle ,Compost ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Soil conditioner ,Horticulture ,Popillia ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Vermicompost ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Food Science - Abstract
In an attempt to utilize large amounts of Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) that were captured using a mass trapping system, compost using Japanese beetle carcasses was prepared with the layer method. Carbon sources included shredded paper, wood chips and leaves, while the sole nitrogen source was frozen Japanese beetles. In addition, Japanese beetle-based vermicompost was prepared in the greenhouse by mixing the Japanese beetle-based compost with sphagnum peat moss and moist shredded paper and exposing this mixture to composting earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Chemical analyses of the Japanese beetle carcasses indicated that 10.8% of their body weight is nitrogen (N). Analyses of the resulting Japanese beetle-based compost and vermicompost indicated that both types of materials are good quality soil amendments. Greenhouse studies were conducted to quantify the effects of varying proportions of Japanese beetle-based vermicompost and compost mixed with a potting medium and varying dosages of synthetic fertilizer 20-0-0, on mean fresh and dry weight of lettuce shoots and leaf area. Japanese beetle-based compost and vermicompost increased lettuce biomass to an extent that was comparable with the addition of synthetic N-based fertilizer. A mixture of 15 and 30% of each compost type with potting media significantly increased plant weight and leaf area compared with potting medium alone. Results indicate that composting and vermicomposting insect carcasses are a simple, effective and affordable method to augment fertilization in support of organic production.
- Published
- 2018
34. Popillia timoriensis Ohaus 1905
- Author
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Telnov, Dmitry and Zorn, Carsten
- Subjects
Coleoptera ,Insecta ,Popillia ,Arthropoda ,Rutelidae ,Animalia ,Popillia timoriensis ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
P. timoriensis Ohaus, 1905 (Timor) Figs. 28���31, ♂ (CZC) from Indonesia, Lesser Sundas, West Timor, Mutis Mts., Molo Mt., Soe region, 500 m, XII.2015, leg. local collector. Additional material examined: 2♂ & 2♀ (CZC) same locality as above., Published as part of Telnov, Dmitry & Zorn, Carsten, 2019, Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) established on New Guinea? With an illustrated key to Sundaland Popillia Dejean species, pp. 577-588 in Zootaxa 4683 (4) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3479685, {"references":["Ohaus, F. (1905) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ruteliden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1905 (1), 81 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 48119050214"]}
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) established on New Guinea? With an illustrated key to Sundaland Popillia Dejean species
- Author
-
Carsten Zorn and Dmitry Telnov
- Subjects
Scarabaeidae ,New Guinea ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Zoology ,New guinea ,biology.organism_classification ,Rutelinae ,Coleoptera ,Genus ,Popillia ,Animals ,Key (lock) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Of the megadiverse Old-World genus Popillia Dejean, 1821, only seven species are so far recorded from the Sunda Islands (see checklist). The ruteline scarab beetle Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) was originally described from, and was until now known only from Java (Greater Sunda Islands). In 2018, specimens of this species were found in northern New Guinea, far outside its native range, in mixed autochthonous and invasive vegetation.
- Published
- 2019
36. Popillia biguttata in Cyclops Mountains 1821
- Author
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Telnov, Dmitry and Zorn, Carsten
- Subjects
Coleoptera ,Popillia biguttata ,Insecta ,Popillia ,Arthropoda ,Rutelidae ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) (Figs. 1���5) Material examined: Indonesia E, North New Guinea, Sentani N env., foothills of Cyclops Mts., 2��32���49���S, 40��30���45���E, 03.IV.2014, forest edge, leg. D.Telnov (3♂ DTC). In April 2018, Popillia biguttata was observed in northern New Guinea, around Sentani, in the foothills of the Cyclops Mountains. Three specimens were found feeding on the flowers of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae), commonly known as Madagascar periwinkle or rose periwinkle, non-native but widespread in eastern Indonesia. This flowering plant is not uncommon in urban and village gardens in Indonesian New Guinea, as observed by the first author. In the foothills of the Cyclops Mountains, at the edge of Kota Sentani not far from the World Wildlife Fund office at the end of an asphalt road, where gardens merge with natural rainforest vegetation (Fig. 6), a group of flowering C. roseus in the shade of young trees was inspected for Coleoptera. Considering the fact that C. roseus is poisonous to many organisms (Plaizier 1981; Barrales-Cure��o et al. 2019), it was quite surprising to find Rutelinae beetles on these flowers. According to Miyajima (2004), C. roseus is pollinated by foraging insects. However, due to peculiarities of the flower structure, only butterflies and moths with a long proboscis can reach the anthers and stigmas of C. roseus flowers (Miyajima 2004). The three observed specimens of P. biguttata were positioned on nearby C. rosaceus flowers, apparently digging into them but with their bodies still half-exposed and visible from above. Considering the fact that three specimens were observed, and not in a garden area but in an intermixing zone with natural vegetation, we assume P. biguttata is successfully established in New Guinea. Studied Papuan specimens were compared with specimens from Java (see localities in the Checklist below)., Published as part of Telnov, Dmitry & Zorn, Carsten, 2019, Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) established on New Guinea? With an illustrated key to Sundaland Popillia Dejean species, pp. 577-588 in Zootaxa 4683 (4) on pages 577-579, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/3479685, {"references":["Wiedemann, C. R. W. & Germar, E. F. (1821) Neue exotische Kafer. Magazin der Entomologie, 4, 107 - 183.","Plaizier, A. C. (1981) A Revision of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae). Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, 81 (9), 1 - 12.","Barrales-Cureno, H. J., Reyes, C. R., Garcia, I. V., Valdez, L. G. L., De Jesus, A. G., Ruiz, J. A. C, Herrera, L. M. S, Caballero, M. C. C., Magallon, J. A. S, Perez, J. E. & Montoya, J. M. (2019) Alkaloids of Pharmacological Importance in Catharanthus roseus. In: Kurek, J. (Ed.), Alkaloids - Their Importance in Nature and Human Life. IntechOpen, London, pp. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5772 / intechopen. 82006","Miyajima, D. (2004) Pollination and seed set in vinca [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don]. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 79 (5), 771 - 775. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14620316.2004.11511841"]}
- Published
- 2019
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37. Mass trapping designs for organic control of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
- Author
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Austen P Dudenhoeffer and Jaime C. Piñero
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,Blueberry Plants ,Biology ,Insect Control ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Pheromones ,Japonica ,Crop ,Sambucus nigra ,Popillia ,Animals ,Scarabaeidae ,Missouri ,Japanese beetle ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Coleoptera ,010602 entomology ,Sambucus ,Agronomy ,Insect Science ,Organic farming ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND In some regions of North America, damage caused by the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, has been increasing as beetle populations continue to become established and expand. This poses a pest management challenge for crop farmers, in particular organic producers. From 2014 to 2016 we evaluated the ability of novel mass trapping systems to capture P. japonica in elderberry and blueberry orchards in Missouri, USA. RESULTS Across a 3-year period in two locations, the mass trapping systems collected 10.3 million P. japonica adults while season-long adult densities on crop plants were comparatively low (elderberry: 0.5–3.7 per plant; blueberry: 0.01–0.07 per plant). Damage by P. japonica averaged 6.8% per plant in elderberry and 0.12% in blueberry. In 2015 and 2016, large-capacity bins with increased ventilation captured similar beetle numbers as did 1.2-m-long mesh socks (single design used in 2014), and these two trap designs outperformed non-ventilated bins. CONCLUSION The mass trapping designs captured high numbers of adult P. japonica, while comparatively few adults and little damage to the foliage were recorded on plants. Mass trapping may provide effective alternative management options for P. japonica with less or no insecticides applied to the crop. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2018
38. EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA AGAINST POPILLIA JAPONICA 3 rd INSTARS: LABORATORY EVALUATION AND FIELD APPLICATION
- Author
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Michael G. Klein, Claudia Benvenuti, Pio Federico Roversi, Giuseppino Sabbatini Peverieri, Leonardo Marianelli, Giuseppe Mazza, Davide Venanzio, Giovanni Bosio, E. Giacometto, Francesco Binazzi, and Francesco Paoli
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Horticulture ,Field (physics) ,biology ,Popillia ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,Instar ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Japonica - Published
- 2017
39. Entomopathogenic nematodes as potential biological control agents of Popillia japonica (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in Piedmont Region (Italy)
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Davide Venanzio, Giulia Torrini, Francesco Paoli, E. Giacometto, Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer, Giovanni Bosio, Pio Federico Roversi, Francesco Binazzi, Giuseppe Mazza, G. Sabbatini Peverieri, Leonardo Marianelli, Simone Priori, and Claudia Benvenuti
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0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,Scarabaeidae ,Veterinary medicine ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Ecology ,fungi ,Biological pest control ,Entomopathogenic nematode ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Invasive species ,010602 entomology ,Insect Science ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,Popillia ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
In 2014, the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was first spotted in northern Italy in the Nature Park of the Ticino Valley, its first detection in continental Europe. This polyphagous invasive species has the potential to cause serious losses to horticulture and agriculture. Particularly for its management in a Nature Park, environmentally friendly strategies are necessary. To develop baseline data for a biological control approach to the Italian outbreak of P. japonica, we conducted laboratory and field experiments testing several indigenous and commercial strains of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae against P. japonica larvae. In the laboratory, strains of H. bacteriophora caused greater mortality (ranging from 57% to 100%) than those of S. carpocapsae (3% to 77%). In micro-plot field tests carried out at three different times, the most virulent indigenous EPN strain, H. bacteriophora ItH-LU1, showed again the best results ranging from 44% to 93% against young larvae. Finally, in a large-plot field trial, the commercial H. bacteriophora product provided 46% larval mortality. This study shows that H. bacteriophora strains have good potential as biological control agents of larvae of the invasive P. japonica in northern Italy.
- Published
- 2017
40. The spatial distribution of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, in soybean fields.
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Sara, Stacey A., McCallen, Emily B., and Switzer, Paul V.
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- *
JAPANESE beetle , *BEETLES , *SOYBEAN farming , *LEGUME farming , *POPILLIA - Abstract
The article discusses the results of a study that examined the spatial distribution and abundance of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica in soybean fields. The study found that the number of beetles declined significantly as the distance from the field edge increased. Females that are far from the edge have larger egg loads. Other explanations for the spatial patterns include differences in aggregation seeking behavior and movement in relation to wind and obstructions.
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- 2013
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41. Genetic diversity and comparative analysis of gene expression between Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Az29 and Az36 isolates: Uncovering candidate genes involved in insect pathogenicity
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Hao, You-Jin, Montiel, Rafael, Lucena, Miguel A., Costa, Miguel, and Simoes, Nelson
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- *
COMPARATIVE studies , *GENE expression , *HETERORHABDITIS , *INSECT pathogens , *MICROBIAL virulence , *POPILLIA , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *HOST-parasite relationships , *INSECT nematodes - Abstract
Abstract: Entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Az29 and Az36 isolates with different virulence against Popillia unipuncta and soil survival time were isolated from the Azorean archipelago (Portugal) and used for the study. RAPD analysis revealed a very low-level of genetic diversity ( =0.2338±0.0541) between axenic Az29 and Az36 isolates, and a relative low-level of diversity ( =0.3366±0.0471) between Az29 and Az36 isolates. To unravel the molecular differences, a suppressive subtractive hybridization library was constructed from the parasitic stage. Assembling 150 high quality ESTs produced 70 singletons and 17 contigs. BLAST analysis revealed that 48 ESTs showed significant similarity to known protein and 39 ESTs had no significant hits in the database, perhaps representing novel genes. Functional annotation revealed some of these genes to be involved in metabolism, cellular process and signaling, information storage and processing, stress response and host–parasite interactions. Genes with a role in the parasitism process were identified including lectin, metalloprotease, enolase, chitinase, surface-associated antigen, and as well as genes (aquaporin, Hsp70A, Hsp10 and Hsp20) essential for stresses tolerance. The work described here provides the molecular data necessary for investigating the fundamental molecular aspects of host–parasite interactions. Future investigations should be focused on determining the molecular mechanism of those genes in entomopathogenic nematode life cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
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42. Drench Treatments for Management of Larval Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Field-Grown Balled and Burlapped Nursery Plants.
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Oliver, Jason B., Reding, Michael E., Dennis, Sam O., Moyseenko, James J., Youssef, Nadeer N., Klein, Michael G., Callcott, Anne-Marie A., James, Shannon S., McaNally, Lee R., and Bishop, Bert L.
- Subjects
JAPANESE beetle ,SCARABAEIDAE ,BEETLES ,POPILLIA ,PLANT nurseries ,CHLORPYRIFOS - Abstract
Insecticide drenches were applied to postharvest field-grown nursery plants harvested as 60-cm-diameter balled and burlapped (B&B) root balls for controlling third instars of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam were drench-applied in fall and spring tests at volumes of runoff (1×; ≈2.57 liters per drench per root ball) or twice runoff (2×). Tests also examined consecutive drenches (two, four, or six) and B&B rotation between drenches. Fall-applied drenches did not meet the Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan (DJHP) standards of ≤1 grub and ranged from 0 to 90% control. However, most fall-applied drenches significantly reduced grub numbers relative to the untreated root balls. Spring-applied drenches were more effective than fall drenches: chlorpyrifos treatments gave 94-100% control, whereas other spring-applied treatments were less consistent, including thiamethoxam (83-100% control) and bifenthrin (61-100% control). Lambda-cyhalothrin was not effective. A higher drench volume (2×) did not significantly improve treatment efficacy; however, grub numbers decreased as the number of drenches increased for fall-applied chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam and spring-applied bifenthrin. Rotation of root balls significantly reduced grub numbers compared with nonrotated treatments for fall-applied chlorpyrifos (six drenches) and bifenthrin (two or six drenches), but these treatments did not meet DJHP standards. The study indicates chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin, and thiamethoxani drenches can control Japanese beetle in the spring and may provide a new postharvest option to certify B&B plants for Japanese beetle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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43. Geographical distribution of milky disease bacteria in the eastern United States based on phylogeny
- Author
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Dingman, Douglas W.
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- *
PHYLOGENY , *RECOMBINANT DNA , *POPILLIA - Abstract
Abstract: A phylogenetic grouping of 48 different isolates of milky disease bacteria isolated in the United States was determined using genomic RFLP analysis and 16S rDNA sequence comparison. A clear distinction between Paenibacillus popilliae isolates and Paenibacillus lentimorbus isolates was evident from the results of each procedure. The P. popilliae isolates segregated into two phylogenetic groups and the P. lentimorbus isolates segregated into three phylogenetic groups. In the United States, P. popilliae group 1 was generally isolated from insects collected west of the Appalachian Mountains. P. popilliae group 2 was only isolated from insects collected east of the Appalachian Mountains. P. lentimorbus groups 1 and 2 were obtained from insects collected west and south of the Appalachians. P. lentimorbus group 3 was identified in insects collected east of the mountains. From five different locations in Connecticut, 12 milky disease bacterial isolates were classified as P. popilliae and three were classified as P. lentimorbus. Except for one isolate, all P. popilliae isolates were of phylogenetic group 2. The three P. lentimorbus strains were isolated from diseased insects that had been collected from a localized area in the state. These three strains formed a separate phylogenetic grouping (i.e., group 3) of P. lentimorbus and, based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons, were most similar to the newly identified P. lentimorbus Semadara strain recently isolated in Japan. All milky disease bacteria that had been isolated from commercially available insecticide preparations were identified as P. popilliae group 1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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44. ‘Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia crassificans’, an intracellular bacterial pathogen of the cockroach Blatta orientalis (Insecta: Blattodea).
- Author
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Corsaro, Daniele, Thomas, Vincent, Goy, Genevieve, Venditti, Danielle, Radek, Renate, and Greub, Gilbert
- Subjects
RICKETTSIA ,ARTHROPODA ,POPILLIA ,CHLAMYDIALES ,NUCLEOTIDE sequence - Abstract
Abstract: The genus Rickettsiella comprises various intracellular bacterial pathogens of arthropods, exhibiting a chlamydia-like developmental cycle. Species may be divided into two main groups, the R. popilliae–R. grylli group and the R. chironomi group. Previous phylogenetic studies based on the 16S ribosomal RNA encoding gene showed that two Rickettsiella species, one from each group, belong in reality to two distantly related lineages, the γ-Proteobacteria (R. grylli) and the Chlamydiales (‘Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis’, a pathogen of terrestrial isopods). In the present work, the 16S rDNA sequence of another Rickettsiella-like species, causing abdominal swelling to its cockroach host Blatta orientalis, was determined and phylogenetic analysis performed. Identical 16S rDNA sequences of 1495 nucleotides were obtained from fat body and ovary tissues of both healthy and diseased cockroach individuals. The sequence shared only 73% of similarity with R. grylli, but 82–87% with most Chlamydiales, and even 96.3% with ‘Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis’. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the affiliation of the cockroach pathogen within the order Chlamydiales, and based on ultrastructural characteristics and genetic analyses, we propose its inclusion in the ‘Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia’ as a distinct taxon, ‘Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia crassificans’. These results extend our knowledge of the phylogenetic diversity of the Chlamydiales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
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45. Distribution and Adult Activity of Popillia quadriguttata (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Golf Courses in Korea.
- Author
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Dong Woon Lee, Ho Yul Choo, Smitley, David R., Sang Myeong Lee, Hong Kyun Shin, Kaya, Harry K., Chung Gyoo Park, and Ani Jong Kyun Park
- Subjects
POPILLIA ,GOLF courses ,PHEROMONES ,INSECT feeding & feeds ,PEST control - Abstract
Japanese beetle traps baited with the Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) pheromone lure and a eugenol feeding attractant were placed at five golf courses in Korea to determine how well they work for detecting activity of a closely related species, Popillia quadriguttata (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a turf pest in Korea. The traps also were used to determine the time of day and time of year that P. quadriguttata is most active. Nineteen scarab species of 13 genera were attracted to the Japanese beetle traps with P. quadriguttata clearly being the most abundant (383 beetles per trap), followed by Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhouse (10 per trap), Popillia flavosellata Fairmaire (seven per trap), Exomala orientalis Waterhouse (four per trap), and Maladera japonica (two per trap). Other scarab species were trapped at a rate of <1.0 per trap. Popillia quadriguttata adults were active over a 5-wk period in late June and early July. At Yongwon Golf Club in 2002, peak adult activity was during the last week of June in visual counts and ≈1 wk later in the Japanese beetle traps. In Korea, P. quadriguttata adults are most active between 12:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. This information should be helpful to golf course superintendents in Korea and to entomologists interested in finding natural enemies of P. quadviguttata to evaluate as potential biocontrol organisms for the very closely related species, the Japanese beetle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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- View/download PDF
46. Exploiting the high-resolution JRC-MARS European climatic dataset for pest risk mapping
- Author
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A. Korycinska and R. Baker
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Mediterranean climate ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,business.industry ,High resolution ,Distribution (economics) ,Plant Science ,Mars Exploration Program ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,010602 entomology ,Risk mapping ,Agriculture ,Climatology ,Popillia ,Environmental science ,PEST analysis ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Climatic data with a high temporal and spatial resolution are invaluable when modelling the potential distribution of non-native pests. The European Commission Joint Research Centre Monitoring Agricultural ResourceS (MARS) programme provides a unique source of European daily climatic data. Available from 1975 to 2015 and updated annually, the data are interpolated from over 5000 weather stations to 25-km grid cells. All geographical Europe is included, plus Mediterranean areas of the Middle East and North Africa. The climatic parameters available include temperature (daily minima and maxima), solar radiation, rainfall and relative humidity. As well as the potential for use in simple pest models, selected parameters can be imported into more complex models, such as CLIMEX, for more detailed analyses. Case studies showing how the MARS data have been used by the UK in pest risk analyses are presented for three insect pests: Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Hyphantria cunea (both Lepidoptera) and Popillia japonica (Coleoptera). The case studies illustrate some methods of representing uncertainty where thresholds are lacking in the published literature, there are conflicting data and only air temperature data are available to model a soil-dwelling organism.
- Published
- 2017
47. Differential susceptibility ofPopillia japonica3rd instars toHeterorhabditis bacteriophora(Italian strain) at three different seasons
- Author
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Giulia Torrini, Michael G. Klein, Giovanni Bosio, Eustachio Tarasco, Claudia Benvenuti, Pio Federico Roversi, Leonardo Marianelli, Francesco Paoli, Davide Venanzio, and Giuseppe Mazza
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,Biological pest control ,Entomopathogenic nematode ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Japonica ,010602 entomology ,Horticulture ,Agronomy ,Insect Science ,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ,Popillia ,Instar ,PEST analysis ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The scarab beetle Popillia japonica, a pest native to northern Japan, has been recently found in Italy. Entomopathogenic nematodes are useful for biological control of this invasive insect. Previous work showed that 1st and 2nd larval stages are more susceptible to nematodes than 3rd instars. We tested the effectiveness of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in the laboratory against P. japonica 3rd instars. Experiments were conducted in Italy with larvae field collected in the fall, winter and spring, showing a significant decrease in effectiveness from the fall to spring.
- Published
- 2017
48. Phytoecdysteroids as antifeedants towards several beetles that include polyphagous and monophagous feeding guilds
- Author
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Kathryn Russell, Matthew E. O'Neal, and Russell A. Jurenka
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Scarabaeidae ,Herbivore ,biology ,Japanese beetle ,media_common.quotation_subject ,fungi ,Phytoecdysteroid ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Insect ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,010602 entomology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,Botany ,Popillia ,Cerotoma trifurcata ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecdysone ,010606 plant biology & botany ,media_common - Abstract
Background Plants are thought to produce ecdysteroids as a means of protection from insect herbivores. Some insects will not feed on plants containing high amounts of phytoecdysteroids, and this response could be limited to monophagous and oligophagous insects. The aim of this study was to determine whether phytoecdysteroids could inhibit feeding in several species of beetles that range from monophagous to polyphagous. Results Here we demonstrate that phytoecdysteroids, including 20-hydroxyecdysone, prevent several beetle species from feeding on preferred host plants, including the polyphagous Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Scarabaeidae). Phytoecdysteroids prevented feeding damage when sprayed onto soybean plants in no-choice and choice assays in a dose-dependent manner. Laboratory assays indicate that other plants could be protected from Japanese beetle herbivory, including linden, wild grape, elm, Virginia creeper and rose leaves. Additional beetle species tested in the family Chrysomelidae included the oligophagous Cerotoma trifurcata and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and the monophagous Trirhabda canadensis. All species were prevented from feeding when their preferred host plants were treated with phytoecdysteroids. Conclusion This study demonstrates that beetles, representing polyphagous and monophagous feeding guilds, can be prevented from feeding when phytoecdysteroids are applied to the leaf surface. The phytoecdysteroids could be utilized in pest management towards a variety of beetles, including the more pestiferous polyphagous species, if the compounds are placed on the leaf surface. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
- Published
- 2017
49. Belowground herbivory decreases shoot water content and biomass of Lolium perenne seedlings under nutrient-poor conditions
- Author
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Tomonori Tsunoda, Jun-Ichirou Suzuki, and Naoki Kachi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Biomass (ecology) ,Herbivore ,Ecology ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Lolium perenne ,Japonica ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Shoot ,Popillia ,Botany ,Water content ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Belowground herbivory under nutrient-poor conditions is known to significantly decrease plant biomass and root:shoot ratios. However, the mechanisms behind the changes in belowground plant–herbivore interactions that occur under different nutrient conditions remain unclear. We performed a pot experiment using Lolium perenne L. and the third-instar larva of Popillia japonica Newman. The experiment used a three-way factorial randomized-block design; the three factors were nutrient amount (rich/poor), nutrient heterogeneity (homogeneous/heterogeneous), and belowground herbivore (present/absent). Relative water content (RWC) of shoots under nutrient-poor conditions was smaller than that under nutrient-rich conditions, and a single herbivory significantly reduced the RWC under the nutrient-poor conditions. Plant biomass was larger under nutrient-rich conditions than under nutrient-poor conditions. A herbivore decreased plant biomass more under nutrient-poor conditions than under nutrient-rich conditions. Nutrient heterogeneity had no effect on plant biomass, but herbivory and nutrient amount interactively affected root proliferations to nutrient patches. Plants were smaller under nutrient-poor conditions; thus, a larger proportion of the roots was removed by a belowground herbivore. A loss of a larger proportion of roots would cause the small RWC, which restricts compensatory growth. Consequently, growth of L. perenne is more severely limited by a belowground herbivore under nutrient-poor conditions.
- Published
- 2017
50. Do plant cues influence the oviposition behavior of Japanese beetles?
- Author
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Szendrei, Zsofia and Isaacs, Rufus
- Subjects
- *
JAPANESE beetle , *BEETLES , *SCARABAEIDAE , *PESTS , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *POPILLIA - Abstract
A bioassay arena was developed to test the response of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), to various plant-derived factors that may influence the selection of oviposition sites. In choice experiments with natural and artificial plant cues, females preferred to lay eggs in ryegrass rather than in artificial resources. Artificial grass stems received more eggs on average than bare ground, indicating the role of vertical objects on the soil surface as oviposition cues. Popillia japonica females were able to discriminate between the quality and quantity of the artificial stems, as more eggs were laid in soil blocks that had larger diameter stems or a higher number of stems per soil block. Beetles were capable of evaluating plant characteristics on the soil surface and adjusted their investment accordingly; more eggs were laid in resources that were chosen more frequently. Observations of females in choice arenas revealed how surface cues influence digging behavior and the time spent under the soil surface. The number of digging events was not significantly different among the three treatments with surface cues (ryegrass, grass roots, and artificial grass), but beetles spent significantly more time in the soil under ryegrass than any of the other treatments. These findings suggest that oviposition by P. japonica is selective and is influenced by plant-derived cues evaluated before and after digging into the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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